00:00:11,480 --> 00:00:18,790
 
[Music]

00:00:18,790 --> 00:00:18,800
 
 

00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:20,630
 
the boer war took the world into the

00:00:20,630 --> 00:00:20,640
the boer war took the world into the
 

00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:22,470
the boer war took the world into the
20th century

00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:22,480
20th century
 

00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:26,150
20th century
and taught britain a resounding lesson

00:00:26,150 --> 00:00:26,160
and taught britain a resounding lesson
 

00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:28,390
and taught britain a resounding lesson
the greatest empire ever needed nearly

00:00:28,390 --> 00:00:28,400
the greatest empire ever needed nearly
 

00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:30,790
the greatest empire ever needed nearly
three years to beat a boer army smaller

00:00:30,790 --> 00:00:30,800
three years to beat a boer army smaller
 

00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:38,229
three years to beat a boer army smaller
than the population of brighton

00:00:38,229 --> 00:00:38,239
 
 

00:00:38,239 --> 00:00:41,910
 
it became the first modern conflict

00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:41,920
it became the first modern conflict
 

00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:43,670
it became the first modern conflict
a guerrilla war

00:00:43,670 --> 00:00:43,680
a guerrilla war
 

00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:46,069
a guerrilla war
of scorched earth

00:00:46,069 --> 00:00:46,079
of scorched earth
 

00:00:46,079 --> 00:00:47,970
of scorched earth
concentration camps

00:00:47,970 --> 00:00:47,980
concentration camps
 

00:00:47,980 --> 00:00:54,630
concentration camps
[Music]

00:00:54,630 --> 00:00:54,640
[Music]
 

00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:56,389
[Music]
blacks were both victims and

00:00:56,389 --> 00:00:56,399
blacks were both victims and
 

00:00:56,399 --> 00:00:58,069
blacks were both victims and
protagonists

00:00:58,069 --> 00:00:58,079
protagonists
 

00:00:58,079 --> 00:01:00,389
protagonists
and were condemned by the war to nearly

00:01:00,389 --> 00:01:00,399
and were condemned by the war to nearly
 

00:01:00,399 --> 00:01:02,610
and were condemned by the war to nearly
a hundred years of oppression

00:01:02,610 --> 00:01:02,620
a hundred years of oppression
 

00:01:02,620 --> 00:01:06,630
a hundred years of oppression
[Music]

00:01:06,630 --> 00:01:06,640
 
 

00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:08,870
 
it has cast a long shadow across the

00:01:08,870 --> 00:01:08,880
it has cast a long shadow across the
 

00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:21,830
it has cast a long shadow across the
century

00:01:21,830 --> 00:01:21,840
 
 

00:01:21,840 --> 00:01:24,070
 
the bull war was dominated by the land

00:01:24,070 --> 00:01:24,080
the bull war was dominated by the land
 

00:01:24,080 --> 00:01:26,870
the bull war was dominated by the land
over which it was fought a war which

00:01:26,870 --> 00:01:26,880
over which it was fought a war which
 

00:01:26,880 --> 00:01:29,429
over which it was fought a war which
began with a simple seemingly innocent

00:01:29,429 --> 00:01:29,439
began with a simple seemingly innocent
 

00:01:29,439 --> 00:01:31,510
began with a simple seemingly innocent
aim

00:01:31,510 --> 00:01:31,520
aim
 

00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:34,469
aim
net force for next honesty

00:01:34,469 --> 00:01:34,479
net force for next honesty
 

00:01:34,479 --> 00:01:37,109
net force for next honesty
it's about freedom nothing else it's not

00:01:37,109 --> 00:01:37,119
it's about freedom nothing else it's not
 

00:01:37,119 --> 00:01:38,710
it's about freedom nothing else it's not
about hating anyone

00:01:38,710 --> 00:01:38,720
about hating anyone
 

00:01:38,720 --> 00:01:41,749
about hating anyone
you just want your place in the sun

00:01:41,749 --> 00:01:41,759
you just want your place in the sun
 

00:01:41,759 --> 00:01:43,670
you just want your place in the sun
you want your rights

00:01:43,670 --> 00:01:43,680
you want your rights
 

00:01:43,680 --> 00:01:49,230
you want your rights
that's all it's about

00:01:49,230 --> 00:01:49,240
 
 

00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:55,590
 
[Music]

00:01:55,590 --> 00:01:55,600
[Music]
 

00:01:55,600 --> 00:01:59,830
[Music]
in 1836 hundreds of farmers or boars

00:01:59,830 --> 00:01:59,840
in 1836 hundreds of farmers or boars
 

00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:01,749
in 1836 hundreds of farmers or boars
tricked from the british cape colony

00:02:01,749 --> 00:02:01,759
tricked from the british cape colony
 

00:02:01,759 --> 00:02:04,790
tricked from the british cape colony
deep into south africa

00:02:04,790 --> 00:02:04,800
deep into south africa
 

00:02:04,800 --> 00:02:08,550
deep into south africa
[Music]

00:02:08,550 --> 00:02:08,560
 
 

00:02:08,560 --> 00:02:10,949
 
of mostly dutch descent devout and

00:02:10,949 --> 00:02:10,959
of mostly dutch descent devout and
 

00:02:10,959 --> 00:02:13,430
of mostly dutch descent devout and
determined they sought new lands to

00:02:13,430 --> 00:02:13,440
determined they sought new lands to
 

00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:14,949
determined they sought new lands to
settle and farm

00:02:14,949 --> 00:02:14,959
settle and farm
 

00:02:14,959 --> 00:02:17,580
settle and farm
as far from british rule as possible

00:02:17,580 --> 00:02:17,590
as far from british rule as possible
 

00:02:17,590 --> 00:02:34,550
as far from british rule as possible
[Music]

00:02:34,550 --> 00:02:34,560
 
 

00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:37,110
 
look out hill

00:02:37,110 --> 00:02:37,120
look out hill
 

00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:39,509
look out hill
they gazed across fertile country

00:02:39,509 --> 00:02:39,519
they gazed across fertile country
 

00:02:39,519 --> 00:02:41,350
they gazed across fertile country
believing they had an absolute right to

00:02:41,350 --> 00:02:41,360
believing they had an absolute right to
 

00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:42,150
believing they had an absolute right to
it

00:02:42,150 --> 00:02:42,160
it
 

00:02:42,160 --> 00:03:03,509
it
as do their descendants

00:03:03,509 --> 00:03:03,519
 
 

00:03:03,519 --> 00:03:06,790
 
was lawfully bought from the zulu people

00:03:06,790 --> 00:03:06,800
was lawfully bought from the zulu people
 

00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:09,190
was lawfully bought from the zulu people
we never annexed any land

00:03:09,190 --> 00:03:09,200
we never annexed any land
 

00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:12,070
we never annexed any land
people got land or farms

00:03:12,070 --> 00:03:12,080
people got land or farms
 

00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:17,509
people got land or farms
which were empty

00:03:17,509 --> 00:03:17,519
 
 

00:03:17,519 --> 00:03:24,229
 
but somebody was there first

00:03:24,229 --> 00:03:24,239
 
 

00:03:24,239 --> 00:03:29,190
 
the land of the bled people

00:03:29,190 --> 00:03:29,200
 
 

00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:45,670
 
came and found blacks here

00:03:45,670 --> 00:03:45,680
 
 

00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:48,630
 
on the 16th of december 1838

00:03:48,630 --> 00:03:48,640
on the 16th of december 1838
 

00:03:48,640 --> 00:03:50,470
on the 16th of december 1838
twelve thousand zulus attacked four

00:03:50,470 --> 00:03:50,480
twelve thousand zulus attacked four
 

00:03:50,480 --> 00:03:55,110
twelve thousand zulus attacked four
hundred and seventy bores at blood river

00:03:55,110 --> 00:03:55,120
 
 

00:03:55,120 --> 00:03:57,030
 
the boers formed their wagons into a

00:03:57,030 --> 00:03:57,040
the boers formed their wagons into a
 

00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:58,789
the boers formed their wagons into a
defensive ring

00:03:58,789 --> 00:03:58,799
defensive ring
 

00:03:58,799 --> 00:04:02,150
defensive ring
commemorated in this bronze replica

00:04:02,150 --> 00:04:02,160
commemorated in this bronze replica
 

00:04:02,160 --> 00:04:06,789
commemorated in this bronze replica
[Music]

00:04:06,789 --> 00:04:06,799
[Music]
 

00:04:06,799 --> 00:04:09,509
[Music]
the boers had guns and cannon

00:04:09,509 --> 00:04:09,519
the boers had guns and cannon
 

00:04:09,519 --> 00:04:12,830
the boers had guns and cannon
the zulus had spears and

00:04:12,830 --> 00:04:12,840
the zulus had spears and
 

00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:16,150
the zulus had spears and
shields that day the boers killed three

00:04:16,150 --> 00:04:16,160
shields that day the boers killed three
 

00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:19,350
shields that day the boers killed three
thousand zulus

00:04:19,350 --> 00:04:19,360
 
 

00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:21,430
 
[Music]

00:04:21,430 --> 00:04:21,440
[Music]
 

00:04:21,440 --> 00:04:23,590
[Music]
i think that the idea of the

00:04:23,590 --> 00:04:23,600
i think that the idea of the
 

00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:24,629
i think that the idea of the
people

00:04:24,629 --> 00:04:24,639
people
 

00:04:24,639 --> 00:04:27,510
people
was born at the battle of blood river

00:04:27,510 --> 00:04:27,520
was born at the battle of blood river
 

00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:29,350
was born at the battle of blood river
us say

00:04:29,350 --> 00:04:29,360
us say
 

00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:31,350
us say
we say that god was with us at the

00:04:31,350 --> 00:04:31,360
we say that god was with us at the
 

00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:33,909
we say that god was with us at the
battle of blood river

00:04:33,909 --> 00:04:33,919
battle of blood river
 

00:04:33,919 --> 00:04:36,469
battle of blood river
we prayed and said you must help us

00:04:36,469 --> 00:04:36,479
we prayed and said you must help us
 

00:04:36,479 --> 00:04:38,950
we prayed and said you must help us
because we will then dedicate this

00:04:38,950 --> 00:04:38,960
because we will then dedicate this
 

00:04:38,960 --> 00:04:41,110
because we will then dedicate this
victory to you this is almost out we're

00:04:41,110 --> 00:04:41,120
victory to you this is almost out we're
 

00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:44,310
victory to you this is almost out we're
full

00:04:44,310 --> 00:04:44,320
 
 

00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:46,710
 
the boar victory at blood river became

00:04:46,710 --> 00:04:46,720
the boar victory at blood river became
 

00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:49,030
the boar victory at blood river became
the foundation stone of their belief not

00:04:49,030 --> 00:04:49,040
the foundation stone of their belief not
 

00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:50,469
the foundation stone of their belief not
only in god

00:04:50,469 --> 00:04:50,479
only in god
 

00:04:50,479 --> 00:04:52,710
only in god
but in themselves as the natural rulers

00:04:52,710 --> 00:04:52,720
but in themselves as the natural rulers
 

00:04:52,720 --> 00:04:54,790
but in themselves as the natural rulers
of the land

00:04:54,790 --> 00:04:54,800
of the land
 

00:04:54,800 --> 00:04:59,749
of the land
and of its black peoples

00:04:59,749 --> 00:04:59,759
 
 

00:04:59,759 --> 00:05:01,510
 
so since

00:05:01,510 --> 00:05:01,520
so since
 

00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:05,749
so since
the boys saw us blacks as stupid people

00:05:05,749 --> 00:05:05,759
the boys saw us blacks as stupid people
 

00:05:05,759 --> 00:05:08,390
the boys saw us blacks as stupid people
we were not meant to own land

00:05:08,390 --> 00:05:08,400
we were not meant to own land
 

00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:11,990
we were not meant to own land
that is why they took the land from us

00:05:11,990 --> 00:05:12,000
that is why they took the land from us
 

00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:24,870
that is why they took the land from us
the boys considered us as fools

00:05:24,870 --> 00:05:24,880
 
 

00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:26,790
 
the great trek had been partly triggered

00:05:26,790 --> 00:05:26,800
the great trek had been partly triggered
 

00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:28,870
the great trek had been partly triggered
by britain abolishing slavery in its

00:05:28,870 --> 00:05:28,880
by britain abolishing slavery in its
 

00:05:28,880 --> 00:05:32,540
by britain abolishing slavery in its
territories including the cape colony

00:05:32,540 --> 00:05:32,550
territories including the cape colony
 

00:05:32,550 --> 00:05:34,629
territories including the cape colony
[Music]

00:05:34,629 --> 00:05:34,639
[Music]
 

00:05:34,639 --> 00:05:36,550
[Music]
the boers were determined to keep their

00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:36,560
the boers were determined to keep their
 

00:05:36,560 --> 00:05:39,350
the boers were determined to keep their
slaves

00:05:39,350 --> 00:05:39,360
slaves
 

00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:41,110
slaves
as they took more land

00:05:41,110 --> 00:05:41,120
as they took more land
 

00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:44,629
as they took more land
their labor force grew

00:05:44,629 --> 00:05:44,639
 
 

00:05:44,639 --> 00:05:47,029
 
they paid the blacks a pittance or just

00:05:47,029 --> 00:05:47,039
they paid the blacks a pittance or just
 

00:05:47,039 --> 00:05:49,749
they paid the blacks a pittance or just
provided food shelter and sometimes

00:05:49,749 --> 00:05:49,759
provided food shelter and sometimes
 

00:05:49,759 --> 00:05:54,950
provided food shelter and sometimes
alcohol

00:05:54,950 --> 00:05:54,960
 
 

00:05:54,960 --> 00:05:57,830
 
in the 1850s the boers founded their own

00:05:57,830 --> 00:05:57,840
in the 1850s the boers founded their own
 

00:05:57,840 --> 00:06:00,550
in the 1850s the boers founded their own
republics the transvaal and orange free

00:06:00,550 --> 00:06:00,560
republics the transvaal and orange free
 

00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:02,309
republics the transvaal and orange free
state

00:06:02,309 --> 00:06:02,319
state
 

00:06:02,319 --> 00:06:05,830
state
but this brought conflict with britain

00:06:05,830 --> 00:06:05,840
but this brought conflict with britain
 

00:06:05,840 --> 00:06:08,150
but this brought conflict with britain
africa was of key strategic importance

00:06:08,150 --> 00:06:08,160
africa was of key strategic importance
 

00:06:08,160 --> 00:06:10,070
africa was of key strategic importance
on the sea route to india

00:06:10,070 --> 00:06:10,080
on the sea route to india
 

00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:13,670
on the sea route to india
a vital piece in the imperial jigsaw

00:06:13,670 --> 00:06:13,680
a vital piece in the imperial jigsaw
 

00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:15,909
a vital piece in the imperial jigsaw
if you were to take any school maps at

00:06:15,909 --> 00:06:15,919
if you were to take any school maps at
 

00:06:15,919 --> 00:06:18,309
if you were to take any school maps at
that time you'd find the predominant

00:06:18,309 --> 00:06:18,319
that time you'd find the predominant
 

00:06:18,319 --> 00:06:20,870
that time you'd find the predominant
color there was red

00:06:20,870 --> 00:06:20,880
color there was red
 

00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:23,350
color there was red
pinkish red really and that covered

00:06:23,350 --> 00:06:23,360
pinkish red really and that covered
 

00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:25,110
pinkish red really and that covered
places like india

00:06:25,110 --> 00:06:25,120
places like india
 

00:06:25,120 --> 00:06:27,590
places like india
canada australia

00:06:27,590 --> 00:06:27,600
canada australia
 

00:06:27,600 --> 00:06:30,390
canada australia
and we were extending our powers all the

00:06:30,390 --> 00:06:30,400
and we were extending our powers all the
 

00:06:30,400 --> 00:06:31,430
and we were extending our powers all the
time

00:06:31,430 --> 00:06:31,440
time
 

00:06:31,440 --> 00:06:32,710
time
but we were

00:06:32,710 --> 00:06:32,720
but we were
 

00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:34,230
but we were
what should i say it was a kind of

00:06:34,230 --> 00:06:34,240
what should i say it was a kind of
 

00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:36,629
what should i say it was a kind of
beneficent theft

00:06:36,629 --> 00:06:36,639
beneficent theft
 

00:06:36,639 --> 00:06:38,950
beneficent theft
the transvaal had briefly been a british

00:06:38,950 --> 00:06:38,960
the transvaal had briefly been a british
 

00:06:38,960 --> 00:06:40,070
the transvaal had briefly been a british
colony

00:06:40,070 --> 00:06:40,080
colony
 

00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:41,990
colony
but broke free after the boers won a

00:06:41,990 --> 00:06:42,000
but broke free after the boers won a
 

00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:45,350
but broke free after the boers won a
short war against britain in 1881

00:06:45,350 --> 00:06:45,360
short war against britain in 1881
 

00:06:45,360 --> 00:06:49,350
short war against britain in 1881
so this was unfinished business

00:06:49,350 --> 00:06:49,360
so this was unfinished business
 

00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:51,749
so this was unfinished business
driving british ambitions in africa was

00:06:51,749 --> 00:06:51,759
driving british ambitions in africa was
 

00:06:51,759 --> 00:06:53,830
driving british ambitions in africa was
cecil rhodes

00:06:53,830 --> 00:06:53,840
cecil rhodes
 

00:06:53,840 --> 00:06:56,230
cecil rhodes
as prime minister of the cape colony he

00:06:56,230 --> 00:06:56,240
as prime minister of the cape colony he
 

00:06:56,240 --> 00:07:01,990
as prime minister of the cape colony he
had grand schemes for a modern empire

00:07:01,990 --> 00:07:02,000
 
 

00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:03,749
 
he planned to build a railway from the

00:07:03,749 --> 00:07:03,759
he planned to build a railway from the
 

00:07:03,759 --> 00:07:05,189
he planned to build a railway from the
cape to cairo

00:07:05,189 --> 00:07:05,199
cape to cairo
 

00:07:05,199 --> 00:07:07,189
cape to cairo
and to control the lands and their

00:07:07,189 --> 00:07:07,199
and to control the lands and their
 

00:07:07,199 --> 00:07:09,749
and to control the lands and their
wealth between

00:07:09,749 --> 00:07:09,759
wealth between
 

00:07:09,759 --> 00:07:12,070
wealth between
the transvaal and orange free state were

00:07:12,070 --> 00:07:12,080
the transvaal and orange free state were
 

00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:13,670
the transvaal and orange free state were
of little interest as long as they just

00:07:13,670 --> 00:07:13,680
of little interest as long as they just
 

00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:18,070
of little interest as long as they just
produced sheep and corn

00:07:18,070 --> 00:07:18,080
 
 

00:07:18,080 --> 00:07:20,309
 
but the discovery of gold changed

00:07:20,309 --> 00:07:20,319
but the discovery of gold changed
 

00:07:20,319 --> 00:07:26,309
but the discovery of gold changed
everything

00:07:26,309 --> 00:07:26,319
 
 

00:07:26,319 --> 00:07:28,230
 
the transvaal became the richest and

00:07:28,230 --> 00:07:28,240
the transvaal became the richest and
 

00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:30,150
the transvaal became the richest and
potentially most powerful state in

00:07:30,150 --> 00:07:30,160
potentially most powerful state in
 

00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:32,000
potentially most powerful state in
southern africa

00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:32,010
southern africa
 

00:07:32,010 --> 00:07:36,390
southern africa
[Music]

00:07:36,390 --> 00:07:36,400
 
 

00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:38,950
 
britain now saw it as a political threat

00:07:38,950 --> 00:07:38,960
britain now saw it as a political threat
 

00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:40,950
britain now saw it as a political threat
and an economic resource right for

00:07:40,950 --> 00:07:40,960
and an economic resource right for
 

00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:56,869
and an economic resource right for
exploitation

00:07:56,869 --> 00:07:56,879
 
 

00:07:56,879 --> 00:08:03,650
 
that's

00:08:03,650 --> 00:08:03,660
 
 

00:08:03,660 --> 00:08:09,430
 
[Music]

00:08:09,430 --> 00:08:09,440
 
 

00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:11,110
 
blacks were brought in from across

00:08:11,110 --> 00:08:11,120
blacks were brought in from across
 

00:08:11,120 --> 00:08:13,909
blacks were brought in from across
southern africa to work the mines

00:08:13,909 --> 00:08:13,919
southern africa to work the mines
 

00:08:13,919 --> 00:08:15,830
southern africa to work the mines
forced to live without their families in

00:08:15,830 --> 00:08:15,840
forced to live without their families in
 

00:08:15,840 --> 00:08:18,960
forced to live without their families in
compounds

00:08:18,960 --> 00:08:18,970
 
 

00:08:18,970 --> 00:08:22,230
 
[Music]

00:08:22,230 --> 00:08:22,240
[Music]
 

00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:25,430
[Music]
their annual death rate was 20

00:08:25,430 --> 00:08:25,440
their annual death rate was 20
 

00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:31,029
their annual death rate was 20
they had no rights

00:08:31,029 --> 00:08:31,039
 
 

00:08:31,039 --> 00:08:33,509
 
in the british cape colony wealthier and

00:08:33,509 --> 00:08:33,519
in the british cape colony wealthier and
 

00:08:33,519 --> 00:08:35,829
in the british cape colony wealthier and
educated blacks who owned land had the

00:08:35,829 --> 00:08:35,839
educated blacks who owned land had the
 

00:08:35,839 --> 00:08:38,389
educated blacks who owned land had the
right to vote

00:08:38,389 --> 00:08:38,399
right to vote
 

00:08:38,399 --> 00:08:40,230
right to vote
many saw britain as likelier than the

00:08:40,230 --> 00:08:40,240
many saw britain as likelier than the
 

00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:44,630
many saw britain as likelier than the
boers to extend their rights

00:08:44,630 --> 00:08:44,640
 
 

00:08:44,640 --> 00:08:46,949
 
but in the boer republics blacks weren't

00:08:46,949 --> 00:08:46,959
but in the boer republics blacks weren't
 

00:08:46,959 --> 00:08:53,350
but in the boer republics blacks weren't
even allowed to walk on the pavement

00:08:53,350 --> 00:08:53,360
 
 

00:08:53,360 --> 00:08:55,750
 
the boys wanted us to work for them

00:08:55,750 --> 00:08:55,760
the boys wanted us to work for them
 

00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:58,630
the boys wanted us to work for them
they wanted to turn us into their slaves

00:08:58,630 --> 00:08:58,640
they wanted to turn us into their slaves
 

00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:01,750
they wanted to turn us into their slaves
they just made us suffer

00:09:01,750 --> 00:09:01,760
they just made us suffer
 

00:09:01,760 --> 00:09:03,990
they just made us suffer
they only wanted us to work

00:09:03,990 --> 00:09:04,000
they only wanted us to work
 

00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:06,550
they only wanted us to work
they made us suffer from our labors

00:09:06,550 --> 00:09:06,560
they made us suffer from our labors
 

00:09:06,560 --> 00:09:11,430
they made us suffer from our labors
forgetting that we are human beings too

00:09:11,430 --> 00:09:11,440
 
 

00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:13,670
 
the president of the transvaal was paul

00:09:13,670 --> 00:09:13,680
the president of the transvaal was paul
 

00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:17,750
the president of the transvaal was paul
kruger veteran of the great trek

00:09:17,750 --> 00:09:17,760
kruger veteran of the great trek
 

00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:19,590
kruger veteran of the great trek
he believed god had put blacks on earth

00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:19,600
he believed god had put blacks on earth
 

00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:21,269
he believed god had put blacks on earth
to serve the boers

00:09:21,269 --> 00:09:21,279
to serve the boers
 

00:09:21,279 --> 00:09:24,870
to serve the boers
blacks did not need political rights

00:09:24,870 --> 00:09:24,880
blacks did not need political rights
 

00:09:24,880 --> 00:09:26,389
blacks did not need political rights
but what about the hundred thousand

00:09:26,389 --> 00:09:26,399
but what about the hundred thousand
 

00:09:26,399 --> 00:09:28,550
but what about the hundred thousand
white english and europeans

00:09:28,550 --> 00:09:28,560
white english and europeans
 

00:09:28,560 --> 00:09:31,829
white english and europeans
drawn by gold to the transvaal

00:09:31,829 --> 00:09:31,839
drawn by gold to the transvaal
 

00:09:31,839 --> 00:09:33,829
drawn by gold to the transvaal
their labors had turned johannesburg

00:09:33,829 --> 00:09:33,839
their labors had turned johannesburg
 

00:09:33,839 --> 00:09:37,030
their labors had turned johannesburg
into a rich cosmopolitan city

00:09:37,030 --> 00:09:37,040
into a rich cosmopolitan city
 

00:09:37,040 --> 00:09:43,990
into a rich cosmopolitan city
they paid their taxes but had no vote

00:09:43,990 --> 00:09:44,000
 
 

00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:48,230
 
my father said they should let them vote

00:09:48,230 --> 00:09:48,240
 
 

00:09:48,240 --> 00:09:49,509
 
they can't let them pay all the rates

00:09:49,509 --> 00:09:49,519
they can't let them pay all the rates
 

00:09:49,519 --> 00:09:52,870
they can't let them pay all the rates
and taxes and not vote

00:09:52,870 --> 00:09:52,880
 
 

00:09:52,880 --> 00:09:54,470
 
paul kruger was afraid they'd vote him

00:09:54,470 --> 00:09:54,480
paul kruger was afraid they'd vote him
 

00:09:54,480 --> 00:09:57,110
paul kruger was afraid they'd vote him
out of office

00:09:57,110 --> 00:09:57,120
 
 

00:09:57,120 --> 00:09:59,910
 
so he didn't give them the vote

00:09:59,910 --> 00:09:59,920
so he didn't give them the vote
 

00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:02,710
so he didn't give them the vote
johannesburg as it now is was built by

00:10:02,710 --> 00:10:02,720
johannesburg as it now is was built by
 

00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:05,590
johannesburg as it now is was built by
us yet you pass iniquitous laws denying

00:10:05,590 --> 00:10:05,600
us yet you pass iniquitous laws denying
 

00:10:05,600 --> 00:10:07,750
us yet you pass iniquitous laws denying
us the only rights of citizenship mr

00:10:07,750 --> 00:10:07,760
us the only rights of citizenship mr
 

00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:09,269
us the only rights of citizenship mr
president

00:10:09,269 --> 00:10:09,279
president
 

00:10:09,279 --> 00:10:11,750
president
we are here now seeking redress by

00:10:11,750 --> 00:10:11,760
we are here now seeking redress by
 

00:10:11,760 --> 00:10:13,829
we are here now seeking redress by
constitutional methods

00:10:13,829 --> 00:10:13,839
constitutional methods
 

00:10:13,839 --> 00:10:16,150
constitutional methods
that if you persist in your attitude of

00:10:16,150 --> 00:10:16,160
that if you persist in your attitude of
 

00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:18,630
that if you persist in your attitude of
blank refusal

00:10:18,630 --> 00:10:18,640
blank refusal
 

00:10:18,640 --> 00:10:23,190
blank refusal
you try us beyond endurance

00:10:23,190 --> 00:10:23,200
 
 

00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:27,670
 
johannes paul kruger is my name

00:10:27,670 --> 00:10:27,680
johannes paul kruger is my name
 

00:10:27,680 --> 00:10:32,230
johannes paul kruger is my name
johannesborg is my own town

00:10:32,230 --> 00:10:32,240
johannesborg is my own town
 

00:10:32,240 --> 00:10:35,030
johannesborg is my own town
and i feel towards it like a father

00:10:35,030 --> 00:10:35,040
and i feel towards it like a father
 

00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:37,110
and i feel towards it like a father
whose daughter has been debauched by

00:10:37,110 --> 00:10:37,120
whose daughter has been debauched by
 

00:10:37,120 --> 00:10:41,910
whose daughter has been debauched by
robes and thieves

00:10:41,910 --> 00:10:41,920
 
 

00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:47,430
 
the interview is at an end

00:10:47,430 --> 00:10:47,440
 
 

00:10:47,440 --> 00:10:50,870
 
cecil rhodes as usual had a plan

00:10:50,870 --> 00:10:50,880
cecil rhodes as usual had a plan
 

00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:52,790
cecil rhodes as usual had a plan
nothing less than to take the transvaal

00:10:52,790 --> 00:10:52,800
nothing less than to take the transvaal
 

00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:58,069
nothing less than to take the transvaal
by force

00:10:58,069 --> 00:10:58,079
 
 

00:10:58,079 --> 00:11:00,550
 
by the end of december 1895

00:11:00,550 --> 00:11:00,560
by the end of december 1895
 

00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:03,269
by the end of december 1895
he had 600 men led by swashbuckling

00:11:03,269 --> 00:11:03,279
he had 600 men led by swashbuckling
 

00:11:03,279 --> 00:11:06,470
he had 600 men led by swashbuckling
sidekick dr leander star jameson

00:11:06,470 --> 00:11:06,480
sidekick dr leander star jameson
 

00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:08,790
sidekick dr leander star jameson
and in london he had the ever so secret

00:11:08,790 --> 00:11:08,800
and in london he had the ever so secret
 

00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:10,150
and in london he had the ever so secret
blessing of the british colonial

00:11:10,150 --> 00:11:10,160
blessing of the british colonial
 

00:11:10,160 --> 00:11:15,330
blessing of the british colonial
secretary himself joseph chamberlain

00:11:15,330 --> 00:11:15,340
 
 

00:11:15,340 --> 00:11:23,590
 
[Music]

00:11:23,590 --> 00:11:23,600
 
 

00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:25,509
 
but kruger knew about the jameson raid

00:11:25,509 --> 00:11:25,519
but kruger knew about the jameson raid
 

00:11:25,519 --> 00:11:28,150
but kruger knew about the jameson raid
in advance and waited till it set off

00:11:28,150 --> 00:11:28,160
in advance and waited till it set off
 

00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:29,310
in advance and waited till it set off
before striking

00:11:29,310 --> 00:11:29,320
before striking
 

00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:32,150
before striking
[Music]

00:11:32,150 --> 00:11:32,160
[Music]
 

00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:33,829
[Music]
messes over the wires mr president

00:11:33,829 --> 00:11:33,839
messes over the wires mr president
 

00:11:33,839 --> 00:11:35,030
messes over the wires mr president
jameson has started he's marching

00:11:35,030 --> 00:11:35,040
jameson has started he's marching
 

00:11:35,040 --> 00:11:38,630
jameson has started he's marching
towards the border

00:11:38,630 --> 00:11:38,640
 
 

00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:40,389
 
i have my white horse brought to the

00:11:40,389 --> 00:11:40,399
i have my white horse brought to the
 

00:11:40,399 --> 00:11:41,040
i have my white horse brought to the
door

00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:41,050
door
 

00:11:41,050 --> 00:11:52,230
door
[Music]

00:11:52,230 --> 00:11:52,240
 
 

00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:54,629
 
i'll be back in a few days

00:11:54,629 --> 00:11:54,639
i'll be back in a few days
 

00:11:54,639 --> 00:11:56,870
i'll be back in a few days
fetch my boots

00:11:56,870 --> 00:11:56,880
fetch my boots
 

00:11:56,880 --> 00:11:58,629
fetch my boots
if you want to kill a tortoise krueger

00:11:58,629 --> 00:11:58,639
if you want to kill a tortoise krueger
 

00:11:58,639 --> 00:11:59,509
if you want to kill a tortoise krueger
said

00:11:59,509 --> 00:11:59,519
said
 

00:11:59,519 --> 00:12:06,949
said
you must wait until it puts its head out

00:12:06,949 --> 00:12:06,959
 
 

00:12:06,959 --> 00:12:08,790
 
jameson was ambushed and never reached

00:12:08,790 --> 00:12:08,800
jameson was ambushed and never reached
 

00:12:08,800 --> 00:12:11,750
jameson was ambushed and never reached
johannesburg

00:12:11,750 --> 00:12:11,760
johannesburg
 

00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:13,750
johannesburg
he lost 65 men

00:12:13,750 --> 00:12:13,760
he lost 65 men
 

00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:16,310
he lost 65 men
was led off weeping to prison

00:12:16,310 --> 00:12:16,320
was led off weeping to prison
 

00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:19,829
was led off weeping to prison
it became an international scandal

00:12:19,829 --> 00:12:19,839
it became an international scandal
 

00:12:19,839 --> 00:12:21,829
it became an international scandal
london pretended the jameson raid was a

00:12:21,829 --> 00:12:21,839
london pretended the jameson raid was a
 

00:12:21,839 --> 00:12:23,350
london pretended the jameson raid was a
rogue operation

00:12:23,350 --> 00:12:23,360
rogue operation
 

00:12:23,360 --> 00:12:27,430
rogue operation
but the boers were not fooled

00:12:27,430 --> 00:12:27,440
 
 

00:12:27,440 --> 00:12:29,269
 
they used their gold to purchase an

00:12:29,269 --> 00:12:29,279
they used their gold to purchase an
 

00:12:29,279 --> 00:12:30,870
they used their gold to purchase an
arsenal of the latest weapons from

00:12:30,870 --> 00:12:30,880
arsenal of the latest weapons from
 

00:12:30,880 --> 00:12:33,190
arsenal of the latest weapons from
europe

00:12:33,190 --> 00:12:33,200
europe
 

00:12:33,200 --> 00:12:35,750
europe
crook field guns and mauser rifles from

00:12:35,750 --> 00:12:35,760
crook field guns and mauser rifles from
 

00:12:35,760 --> 00:12:37,750
crook field guns and mauser rifles from
germany

00:12:37,750 --> 00:12:37,760
germany
 

00:12:37,760 --> 00:12:45,110
germany
cruzo siege guns from france

00:12:45,110 --> 00:12:45,120
 
 

00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:49,430
 
in june 1899 peace talks failed

00:12:49,430 --> 00:12:49,440
in june 1899 peace talks failed
 

00:12:49,440 --> 00:12:51,750
in june 1899 peace talks failed
kruger felt increasingly threatened but

00:12:51,750 --> 00:12:51,760
kruger felt increasingly threatened but
 

00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:53,590
kruger felt increasingly threatened but
refused to compromise his country's

00:12:53,590 --> 00:12:53,600
refused to compromise his country's
 

00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:55,590
refused to compromise his country's
independence

00:12:55,590 --> 00:12:55,600
independence
 

00:12:55,600 --> 00:12:57,670
independence
and britain's negotiator with kruger

00:12:57,670 --> 00:12:57,680
and britain's negotiator with kruger
 

00:12:57,680 --> 00:12:59,190
and britain's negotiator with kruger
wouldn't have accepted a compromise

00:12:59,190 --> 00:12:59,200
wouldn't have accepted a compromise
 

00:12:59,200 --> 00:13:01,509
wouldn't have accepted a compromise
anyway

00:13:01,509 --> 00:13:01,519
anyway
 

00:13:01,519 --> 00:13:03,829
anyway
sir alfred milner wanted the transvaal

00:13:03,829 --> 00:13:03,839
sir alfred milner wanted the transvaal
 

00:13:03,839 --> 00:13:05,990
sir alfred milner wanted the transvaal
rested away from stubborn conservative

00:13:05,990 --> 00:13:06,000
rested away from stubborn conservative
 

00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:08,310
rested away from stubborn conservative
poors like kruger and placed firmly

00:13:08,310 --> 00:13:08,320
poors like kruger and placed firmly
 

00:13:08,320 --> 00:13:14,069
poors like kruger and placed firmly
within the modern british empire

00:13:14,069 --> 00:13:14,079
 
 

00:13:14,079 --> 00:13:16,470
 
with british troops at his border kruger

00:13:16,470 --> 00:13:16,480
with british troops at his border kruger
 

00:13:16,480 --> 00:13:25,190
with british troops at his border kruger
decided to strike first

00:13:25,190 --> 00:13:25,200
 
 

00:13:25,200 --> 00:13:26,069
 
he said

00:13:26,069 --> 00:13:26,079
he said
 

00:13:26,079 --> 00:13:28,550
he said
you do not want voting rights you want

00:13:28,550 --> 00:13:28,560
you do not want voting rights you want
 

00:13:28,560 --> 00:13:30,069
you do not want voting rights you want
my country

00:13:30,069 --> 00:13:30,079
my country
 

00:13:30,079 --> 00:13:32,389
my country
that is what the war was all about they

00:13:32,389 --> 00:13:32,399
that is what the war was all about they
 

00:13:32,399 --> 00:13:39,430
that is what the war was all about they
wanted

00:13:39,430 --> 00:13:39,440
 
 

00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:42,150
 
on the 11th of october 1899

00:13:42,150 --> 00:13:42,160
on the 11th of october 1899
 

00:13:42,160 --> 00:13:44,710
on the 11th of october 1899
the boers declared war on great britain

00:13:44,710 --> 00:13:44,720
the boers declared war on great britain
 

00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:46,389
the boers declared war on great britain
and promptly besieged the towns of

00:13:46,389 --> 00:13:46,399
and promptly besieged the towns of
 

00:13:46,399 --> 00:13:49,110
and promptly besieged the towns of
mafiking kimberly and ladysmith in the

00:13:49,110 --> 00:13:49,120
mafiking kimberly and ladysmith in the
 

00:13:49,120 --> 00:13:56,150
mafiking kimberly and ladysmith in the
british natal and cape colonies

00:13:56,150 --> 00:13:56,160
 
 

00:13:56,160 --> 00:14:00,710
 
then it became real war it had just been

00:14:00,710 --> 00:14:00,720
then it became real war it had just been
 

00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:03,670
then it became real war it had just been
trouble brewing before that

00:14:03,670 --> 00:14:03,680
trouble brewing before that
 

00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:06,629
trouble brewing before that
and when the real war came

00:14:06,629 --> 00:14:06,639
and when the real war came
 

00:14:06,639 --> 00:14:08,470
and when the real war came
the boss

00:14:08,470 --> 00:14:08,480
the boss
 

00:14:08,480 --> 00:14:09,910
the boss
shut up

00:14:09,910 --> 00:14:09,920
shut up
 

00:14:09,920 --> 00:14:13,189
shut up
or they surrounded those towns

00:14:13,189 --> 00:14:13,199
or they surrounded those towns
 

00:14:13,199 --> 00:14:14,230
or they surrounded those towns
and

00:14:14,230 --> 00:14:14,240
and
 

00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:16,949
and
wanted to starve them out

00:14:16,949 --> 00:14:16,959
wanted to starve them out
 

00:14:16,959 --> 00:14:18,150
wanted to starve them out
well

00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:18,160
well
 

00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:22,310
well
not being as highly civilized as we were

00:14:22,310 --> 00:14:22,320
not being as highly civilized as we were
 

00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:24,230
not being as highly civilized as we were
in their more

00:14:24,230 --> 00:14:24,240
in their more
 

00:14:24,240 --> 00:14:26,230
in their more
rough way

00:14:26,230 --> 00:14:26,240
rough way
 

00:14:26,240 --> 00:14:32,949
rough way
when they got angry they got a bit cruel

00:14:32,949 --> 00:14:32,959
 
 

00:14:32,959 --> 00:14:35,110
 
using their new siege guns

00:14:35,110 --> 00:14:35,120
using their new siege guns
 

00:14:35,120 --> 00:14:37,430
using their new siege guns
the boers shelled the towns

00:14:37,430 --> 00:14:37,440
the boers shelled the towns
 

00:14:37,440 --> 00:14:39,189
the boers shelled the towns
hitting hospitals

00:14:39,189 --> 00:14:39,199
hitting hospitals
 

00:14:39,199 --> 00:14:43,670
hitting hospitals
killing women and children

00:14:43,670 --> 00:14:43,680
 
 

00:14:43,680 --> 00:14:46,069
 
if british people

00:14:46,069 --> 00:14:46,079
if british people
 

00:14:46,079 --> 00:14:48,310
if british people
are in trouble

00:14:48,310 --> 00:14:48,320
are in trouble
 

00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:52,470
are in trouble
the country's got to help them out

00:14:52,470 --> 00:14:52,480
the country's got to help them out
 

00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:56,470
the country's got to help them out
and if the british start a war

00:14:56,470 --> 00:14:56,480
and if the british start a war
 

00:14:56,480 --> 00:15:07,950
and if the british start a war
they've got to win

00:15:07,950 --> 00:15:07,960
 
 

00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:12,629
 
[Music]

00:15:12,629 --> 00:15:12,639
[Music]
 

00:15:12,639 --> 00:15:15,670
[Music]
at 47 000 men the british force wasn't

00:15:15,670 --> 00:15:15,680
at 47 000 men the british force wasn't
 

00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:16,870
at 47 000 men the british force wasn't
huge

00:15:16,870 --> 00:15:16,880
huge
 

00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:21,750
huge
but they weren't expecting a huge war

00:15:21,750 --> 00:15:21,760
 
 

00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:23,750
 
among the journalists was 24 year old

00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:23,760
among the journalists was 24 year old
 

00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:26,150
among the journalists was 24 year old
winston churchill

00:15:26,150 --> 00:15:26,160
winston churchill
 

00:15:26,160 --> 00:15:27,910
winston churchill
he was said to be both clever and

00:15:27,910 --> 00:15:27,920
he was said to be both clever and
 

00:15:27,920 --> 00:15:29,350
he was said to be both clever and
bumptious

00:15:29,350 --> 00:15:29,360
bumptious
 

00:15:29,360 --> 00:15:31,590
bumptious
[Music]

00:15:31,590 --> 00:15:31,600
[Music]
 

00:15:31,600 --> 00:15:33,749
[Music]
in command was general sir edward's

00:15:33,749 --> 00:15:33,759
in command was general sir edward's
 

00:15:33,759 --> 00:15:35,189
in command was general sir edward's
bulla vc

00:15:35,189 --> 00:15:35,199
bulla vc
 

00:15:35,199 --> 00:15:40,550
bulla vc
veteran of the zulu war i hear the bugle

00:15:40,550 --> 00:15:40,560
veteran of the zulu war i hear the bugle
 

00:15:40,560 --> 00:15:42,310
veteran of the zulu war i hear the bugle
[Applause]

00:15:42,310 --> 00:15:42,320
[Applause]
 

00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:44,949
[Applause]
he was filmed boarding ship in a tall

00:15:44,949 --> 00:15:44,959
he was filmed boarding ship in a tall
 

00:15:44,959 --> 00:15:47,590
he was filmed boarding ship in a tall
hat shaking hands

00:15:47,590 --> 00:15:47,600
hat shaking hands
 

00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:49,189
hat shaking hands
he said he hoped he wouldn't be away

00:15:49,189 --> 00:15:49,199
he said he hoped he wouldn't be away
 

00:15:49,199 --> 00:15:51,150
he said he hoped he wouldn't be away
long

00:15:51,150 --> 00:15:51,160
long
 

00:15:51,160 --> 00:15:52,960
long
[Music]

00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:52,970
[Music]
 

00:15:52,970 --> 00:15:54,100
[Music]
[Applause]

00:15:54,100 --> 00:15:54,110
[Applause]
 

00:15:54,110 --> 00:16:03,030
[Applause]
[Music]

00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:03,040
 
 

00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:05,030
 
at last we have arrived

00:16:05,030 --> 00:16:05,040
at last we have arrived
 

00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:07,990
at last we have arrived
we sighted land at 8 am

00:16:07,990 --> 00:16:08,000
we sighted land at 8 am
 

00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:09,509
we sighted land at 8 am
the harbour was crowded with great

00:16:09,509 --> 00:16:09,519
the harbour was crowded with great
 

00:16:09,519 --> 00:16:12,629
the harbour was crowded with great
transports crowded with soldiers

00:16:12,629 --> 00:16:12,639
transports crowded with soldiers
 

00:16:12,639 --> 00:16:14,150
transports crowded with soldiers
there were five thousand while we were

00:16:14,150 --> 00:16:14,160
there were five thousand while we were
 

00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:17,910
there were five thousand while we were
there and i don't know how many horses

00:16:17,910 --> 00:16:17,920
there and i don't know how many horses
 

00:16:17,920 --> 00:16:19,829
there and i don't know how many horses
and the wharves and sheds are piled with

00:16:19,829 --> 00:16:19,839
and the wharves and sheds are piled with
 

00:16:19,839 --> 00:16:22,310
and the wharves and sheds are piled with
boxes of ammunition biscuits stores and

00:16:22,310 --> 00:16:22,320
boxes of ammunition biscuits stores and
 

00:16:22,320 --> 00:16:23,590
boxes of ammunition biscuits stores and
hay

00:16:23,590 --> 00:16:23,600
hay
 

00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:25,030
hay
in fact you have no idea of britain's

00:16:25,030 --> 00:16:25,040
in fact you have no idea of britain's
 

00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:29,610
in fact you have no idea of britain's
greatness till you see a place like this

00:16:29,610 --> 00:16:29,620
 
 

00:16:29,620 --> 00:16:35,990
 
[Music]

00:16:35,990 --> 00:16:36,000
[Music]
 

00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:37,749
[Music]
we had five miles to walk through cape

00:16:37,749 --> 00:16:37,759
we had five miles to walk through cape
 

00:16:37,759 --> 00:16:38,550
we had five miles to walk through cape
town

00:16:38,550 --> 00:16:38,560
town
 

00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:40,150
town
and it fairly took the starch out of

00:16:40,150 --> 00:16:40,160
and it fairly took the starch out of
 

00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:44,710
and it fairly took the starch out of
some of us

00:16:44,710 --> 00:16:44,720
 
 

00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:46,949
 
from their open trucks the ordinary

00:16:46,949 --> 00:16:46,959
from their open trucks the ordinary
 

00:16:46,959 --> 00:16:49,670
from their open trucks the ordinary
soldiers or tommies looked out at the

00:16:49,670 --> 00:16:49,680
soldiers or tommies looked out at the
 

00:16:49,680 --> 00:16:52,150
soldiers or tommies looked out at the
strange land unfolding and wrote home

00:16:52,150 --> 00:16:52,160
strange land unfolding and wrote home
 

00:16:52,160 --> 00:16:55,910
strange land unfolding and wrote home
about it

00:16:55,910 --> 00:16:55,920
 
 

00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:57,350
 
corporal harold armstrong of the

00:16:57,350 --> 00:16:57,360
corporal harold armstrong of the
 

00:16:57,360 --> 00:16:59,910
corporal harold armstrong of the
kensingtons began to sense how hostile

00:16:59,910 --> 00:16:59,920
kensingtons began to sense how hostile
 

00:16:59,920 --> 00:17:02,310
kensingtons began to sense how hostile
the environment was and how it favored

00:17:02,310 --> 00:17:02,320
the environment was and how it favored
 

00:17:02,320 --> 00:17:06,150
the environment was and how it favored
the boers we're plagued by beetles flies

00:17:06,150 --> 00:17:06,160
the boers we're plagued by beetles flies
 

00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:07,590
the boers we're plagued by beetles flies
and fleas

00:17:07,590 --> 00:17:07,600
and fleas
 

00:17:07,600 --> 00:17:09,909
and fleas
frightful country for marching

00:17:09,909 --> 00:17:09,919
frightful country for marching
 

00:17:09,919 --> 00:17:11,909
frightful country for marching
the hills bristle with mounds of stone

00:17:11,909 --> 00:17:11,919
the hills bristle with mounds of stone
 

00:17:11,919 --> 00:17:13,750
the hills bristle with mounds of stone
which would afford splendid shelter for

00:17:13,750 --> 00:17:13,760
which would afford splendid shelter for
 

00:17:13,760 --> 00:17:16,309
which would afford splendid shelter for
marksmen

00:17:16,309 --> 00:17:16,319
 
 

00:17:16,319 --> 00:17:18,710
 
but at first many officers treated the

00:17:18,710 --> 00:17:18,720
but at first many officers treated the
 

00:17:18,720 --> 00:17:21,429
but at first many officers treated the
war as a hunting party

00:17:21,429 --> 00:17:21,439
war as a hunting party
 

00:17:21,439 --> 00:17:23,510
war as a hunting party
the boers would be caught like pheasants

00:17:23,510 --> 00:17:23,520
the boers would be caught like pheasants
 

00:17:23,520 --> 00:17:25,270
the boers would be caught like pheasants
in drives

00:17:25,270 --> 00:17:25,280
in drives
 

00:17:25,280 --> 00:17:27,590
in drives
camouflage was unsporting

00:17:27,590 --> 00:17:27,600
camouflage was unsporting
 

00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:29,750
camouflage was unsporting
it would be a pushover like wars they'd

00:17:29,750 --> 00:17:29,760
it would be a pushover like wars they'd
 

00:17:29,760 --> 00:17:33,110
it would be a pushover like wars they'd
won against primitive tribesmen

00:17:33,110 --> 00:17:33,120
won against primitive tribesmen
 

00:17:33,120 --> 00:17:34,549
won against primitive tribesmen
they didn't think that it was going to

00:17:34,549 --> 00:17:34,559
they didn't think that it was going to
 

00:17:34,559 --> 00:17:36,310
they didn't think that it was going to
last very long

00:17:36,310 --> 00:17:36,320
last very long
 

00:17:36,320 --> 00:17:39,750
last very long
they knew that the boys were virtually

00:17:39,750 --> 00:17:39,760
they knew that the boys were virtually
 

00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:41,750
they knew that the boys were virtually
farmers without any military training or

00:17:41,750 --> 00:17:41,760
farmers without any military training or
 

00:17:41,760 --> 00:17:43,669
farmers without any military training or
anything like that

00:17:43,669 --> 00:17:43,679
anything like that
 

00:17:43,679 --> 00:17:44,950
anything like that
and that they wouldn't be very much

00:17:44,950 --> 00:17:44,960
and that they wouldn't be very much
 

00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:47,669
and that they wouldn't be very much
opposition

00:17:47,669 --> 00:17:47,679
opposition
 

00:17:47,679 --> 00:17:50,390
opposition
and as a result when the army arrived in

00:17:50,390 --> 00:17:50,400
and as a result when the army arrived in
 

00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:52,549
and as a result when the army arrived in
south africa according to what my father

00:17:52,549 --> 00:17:52,559
south africa according to what my father
 

00:17:52,559 --> 00:17:53,830
south africa according to what my father
told me

00:17:53,830 --> 00:17:53,840
told me
 

00:17:53,840 --> 00:17:56,230
told me
there was very little reconnaissance

00:17:56,230 --> 00:17:56,240
there was very little reconnaissance
 

00:17:56,240 --> 00:17:58,789
there was very little reconnaissance
very often i remember him saying that

00:17:58,789 --> 00:17:58,799
very often i remember him saying that
 

00:17:58,799 --> 00:18:00,549
very often i remember him saying that
several officers would get together and

00:18:00,549 --> 00:18:00,559
several officers would get together and
 

00:18:00,559 --> 00:18:02,390
several officers would get together and
they'd say see that copy over there

00:18:02,390 --> 00:18:02,400
they'd say see that copy over there
 

00:18:02,400 --> 00:18:04,630
they'd say see that copy over there
let's go and see if there's any balls up

00:18:04,630 --> 00:18:04,640
let's go and see if there's any balls up
 

00:18:04,640 --> 00:18:06,310
let's go and see if there's any balls up
there i tell you what i'll race you

00:18:06,310 --> 00:18:06,320
there i tell you what i'll race you
 

00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:09,510
there i tell you what i'll race you
there and they'd charge off on their

00:18:09,510 --> 00:18:09,520
there and they'd charge off on their
 

00:18:09,520 --> 00:18:11,350
there and they'd charge off on their
horses you know if the boys happened to

00:18:11,350 --> 00:18:11,360
horses you know if the boys happened to
 

00:18:11,360 --> 00:18:13,190
horses you know if the boys happened to
be there well then of course

00:18:13,190 --> 00:18:13,200
be there well then of course
 

00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:15,590
be there well then of course
they got casualties then they realized

00:18:15,590 --> 00:18:15,600
they got casualties then they realized
 

00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:16,710
they got casualties then they realized
that uh

00:18:16,710 --> 00:18:16,720
that uh
 

00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:18,150
that uh
there's more to the pause than they'd

00:18:18,150 --> 00:18:18,160
there's more to the pause than they'd
 

00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:19,680
there's more to the pause than they'd
thought

00:18:19,680 --> 00:18:19,690
thought
 

00:18:19,690 --> 00:18:28,810
thought
[Music]

00:18:28,810 --> 00:18:28,820
 
 

00:18:28,820 --> 00:18:34,010
 
[Music]

00:18:34,010 --> 00:18:34,020
 
 

00:18:34,020 --> 00:18:38,630
 
[Music]

00:18:38,630 --> 00:18:38,640
[Music]
 

00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:40,250
[Music]
from each district

00:18:40,250 --> 00:18:40,260
from each district
 

00:18:40,260 --> 00:18:50,950
from each district
[Music]

00:18:50,950 --> 00:18:50,960
 
 

00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:52,830
 
the call to arms

00:18:52,830 --> 00:18:52,840
the call to arms
 

00:18:52,840 --> 00:19:03,010
the call to arms
[Music]

00:19:03,010 --> 00:19:03,020
 
 

00:19:03,020 --> 00:19:11,350
 
[Music]

00:19:11,350 --> 00:19:11,360
 
 

00:19:11,360 --> 00:19:13,190
 
the idea was to defeat the british

00:19:13,190 --> 00:19:13,200
the idea was to defeat the british
 

00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:17,350
the idea was to defeat the british
garrisons on the borders

00:19:17,350 --> 00:19:17,360
 
 

00:19:17,360 --> 00:19:19,190
 
many set out full of courage with

00:19:19,190 --> 00:19:19,200
many set out full of courage with
 

00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:21,110
many set out full of courage with
slogans on their hats

00:19:21,110 --> 00:19:21,120
slogans on their hats
 

00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:35,830
slogans on their hats
cape town or bust off

00:19:35,830 --> 00:19:35,840
 
 

00:19:35,840 --> 00:19:37,270
 
and britain will be willing to give us

00:19:37,270 --> 00:19:37,280
and britain will be willing to give us
 

00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:43,270
and britain will be willing to give us
back our independence

00:19:43,270 --> 00:19:43,280
 
 

00:19:43,280 --> 00:19:48,630
 
it was an army quite unlike the british

00:19:48,630 --> 00:19:48,640
 
 

00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:51,270
 
the boers were bound by common cause but

00:19:51,270 --> 00:19:51,280
the boers were bound by common cause but
 

00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:54,060
the boers were bound by common cause but
not by discipline

00:19:54,060 --> 00:19:54,070
not by discipline
 

00:19:54,070 --> 00:19:58,070
not by discipline
[Music]

00:19:58,070 --> 00:19:58,080
 
 

00:19:58,080 --> 00:20:00,070
 
the men elected their officers

00:20:00,070 --> 00:20:00,080
the men elected their officers
 

00:20:00,080 --> 00:20:04,460
the men elected their officers
and didn't have to obey them

00:20:04,460 --> 00:20:04,470
 
 

00:20:04,470 --> 00:20:19,350
 
[Music]

00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:19,360
 
 

00:20:19,360 --> 00:20:20,870
 
men

00:20:20,870 --> 00:20:20,880
men
 

00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:24,070
men
then 50 men would go and take the hill

00:20:24,070 --> 00:20:24,080
then 50 men would go and take the hill
 

00:20:24,080 --> 00:20:26,310
then 50 men would go and take the hill
the other 100 would go home put their

00:20:26,310 --> 00:20:26,320
the other 100 would go home put their
 

00:20:26,320 --> 00:20:29,990
the other 100 would go home put their
feet up make coffee cook a meal saying

00:20:29,990 --> 00:20:30,000
feet up make coffee cook a meal saying
 

00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:35,110
feet up make coffee cook a meal saying
we'll catch up with you later

00:20:35,110 --> 00:20:35,120
 
 

00:20:35,120 --> 00:20:36,549
 
it was quite clear in the beginning of

00:20:36,549 --> 00:20:36,559
it was quite clear in the beginning of
 

00:20:36,559 --> 00:20:42,630
it was quite clear in the beginning of
the war i will make war but on my turn

00:20:42,630 --> 00:20:42,640
 
 

00:20:42,640 --> 00:20:45,110
 
the boers declared it a white man's war

00:20:45,110 --> 00:20:45,120
the boers declared it a white man's war
 

00:20:45,120 --> 00:20:46,870
the boers declared it a white man's war
and promptly took their black servants

00:20:46,870 --> 00:20:46,880
and promptly took their black servants
 

00:20:46,880 --> 00:20:48,390
and promptly took their black servants
with them

00:20:48,390 --> 00:20:48,400
with them
 

00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:51,430
with them
perhaps twelve thousand in all

00:20:51,430 --> 00:20:51,440
perhaps twelve thousand in all
 

00:20:51,440 --> 00:20:53,029
perhaps twelve thousand in all
some went willingly

00:20:53,029 --> 00:20:53,039
some went willingly
 

00:20:53,039 --> 00:20:55,110
some went willingly
others like paulie mcquinn's father

00:20:55,110 --> 00:20:55,120
others like paulie mcquinn's father
 

00:20:55,120 --> 00:21:01,830
others like paulie mcquinn's father
weren't given an option

00:21:01,830 --> 00:21:01,840
 
 

00:21:01,840 --> 00:21:03,990
 
was not a man who liked a black person

00:21:03,990 --> 00:21:04,000
was not a man who liked a black person
 

00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:05,990
was not a man who liked a black person
telling him what to do

00:21:05,990 --> 00:21:06,000
telling him what to do
 

00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:07,830
telling him what to do
he wanted to be the one to tell the

00:21:07,830 --> 00:21:07,840
he wanted to be the one to tell the
 

00:21:07,840 --> 00:21:10,549
he wanted to be the one to tell the
black man

00:21:10,549 --> 00:21:10,559
 
 

00:21:10,559 --> 00:21:12,630
 
if he told you to go with him you

00:21:12,630 --> 00:21:12,640
if he told you to go with him you
 

00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:20,630
if he told you to go with him you
couldn't say no

00:21:20,630 --> 00:21:20,640
 
 

00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:23,110
 
my father took his boss's horse when it

00:21:23,110 --> 00:21:23,120
my father took his boss's horse when it
 

00:21:23,120 --> 00:21:24,390
my father took his boss's horse when it
was tired

00:21:24,390 --> 00:21:24,400
was tired
 

00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:28,230
was tired
and rested

00:21:28,230 --> 00:21:28,240
 
 

00:21:28,240 --> 00:21:31,510
 
he had to remove the saddles and polish

00:21:31,510 --> 00:21:31,520
he had to remove the saddles and polish
 

00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:34,870
he had to remove the saddles and polish
and prepare

00:21:34,870 --> 00:21:34,880
 
 

00:21:34,880 --> 00:21:41,190
 
where the boss went

00:21:41,190 --> 00:21:41,200
 
 

00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:43,909
 
he had to carry his gun for him and

00:21:43,909 --> 00:21:43,919
he had to carry his gun for him and
 

00:21:43,919 --> 00:21:45,750
he had to carry his gun for him and
follow him to the front where the

00:21:45,750 --> 00:21:45,760
follow him to the front where the
 

00:21:45,760 --> 00:21:47,669
follow him to the front where the
fighting was

00:21:47,669 --> 00:21:47,679
fighting was
 

00:21:47,679 --> 00:21:53,029
fighting was
that's how mr kuzrat went to war

00:21:53,029 --> 00:21:53,039
 
 

00:21:53,039 --> 00:21:54,789
 
the british agreed it was a white man's

00:21:54,789 --> 00:21:54,799
the british agreed it was a white man's
 

00:21:54,799 --> 00:21:55,669
the british agreed it was a white man's
war

00:21:55,669 --> 00:21:55,679
war
 

00:21:55,679 --> 00:21:57,510
war
and then employed tens of thousands of

00:21:57,510 --> 00:21:57,520
and then employed tens of thousands of
 

00:21:57,520 --> 00:21:58,390
and then employed tens of thousands of
blacks

00:21:58,390 --> 00:21:58,400
blacks
 

00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:04,149
blacks
as ox drivers laborers scouts and spies

00:22:04,149 --> 00:22:04,159
 
 

00:22:04,159 --> 00:22:07,190
 
my father joined the british forces

00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:07,200
my father joined the british forces
 

00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:09,590
my father joined the british forces
because he could be paid

00:22:09,590 --> 00:22:09,600
because he could be paid
 

00:22:09,600 --> 00:22:11,510
because he could be paid
he didn't have that political

00:22:11,510 --> 00:22:11,520
he didn't have that political
 

00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:15,110
he didn't have that political
affiliations one way or the other

00:22:15,110 --> 00:22:15,120
affiliations one way or the other
 

00:22:15,120 --> 00:22:17,029
affiliations one way or the other
the boys didn't have the money

00:22:17,029 --> 00:22:17,039
the boys didn't have the money
 

00:22:17,039 --> 00:22:19,110
the boys didn't have the money
to pay them

00:22:19,110 --> 00:22:19,120
to pay them
 

00:22:19,120 --> 00:22:21,190
to pay them
and the english had the money to pay

00:22:21,190 --> 00:22:21,200
and the english had the money to pay
 

00:22:21,200 --> 00:22:21,909
and the english had the money to pay
them

00:22:21,909 --> 00:22:21,919
them
 

00:22:21,919 --> 00:22:25,029
them
and there were also

00:22:25,029 --> 00:22:25,039
and there were also
 

00:22:25,039 --> 00:22:27,990
and there were also
supplies of food and all the rest of it

00:22:27,990 --> 00:22:28,000
supplies of food and all the rest of it
 

00:22:28,000 --> 00:22:29,669
supplies of food and all the rest of it
they were treated like soldiers even

00:22:29,669 --> 00:22:29,679
they were treated like soldiers even
 

00:22:29,679 --> 00:22:36,070
they were treated like soldiers even
though they were not soldiers

00:22:36,070 --> 00:22:36,080
 
 

00:22:36,080 --> 00:22:38,070
 
six thousand miles from the war

00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:38,080
six thousand miles from the war
 

00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:40,070
six thousand miles from the war
eight-year-old arthur whitlock kept up

00:22:40,070 --> 00:22:40,080
eight-year-old arthur whitlock kept up
 

00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:42,149
eight-year-old arthur whitlock kept up
with the british army's progress across

00:22:42,149 --> 00:22:42,159
with the british army's progress across
 

00:22:42,159 --> 00:22:46,310
with the british army's progress across
south africa

00:22:46,310 --> 00:22:46,320
 
 

00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:48,390
 
i was able to follow the war more

00:22:48,390 --> 00:22:48,400
i was able to follow the war more
 

00:22:48,400 --> 00:22:50,789
i was able to follow the war more
closely because the daily mail they

00:22:50,789 --> 00:22:50,799
closely because the daily mail they
 

00:22:50,799 --> 00:22:52,870
closely because the daily mail they
brought out a map

00:22:52,870 --> 00:22:52,880
brought out a map
 

00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:55,430
brought out a map
and you had little flags with pins on

00:22:55,430 --> 00:22:55,440
and you had little flags with pins on
 

00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:57,350
and you had little flags with pins on
them and you pin them showing the

00:22:57,350 --> 00:22:57,360
them and you pin them showing the
 

00:22:57,360 --> 00:23:02,870
them and you pin them showing the
position of the various troops

00:23:02,870 --> 00:23:02,880
 
 

00:23:02,880 --> 00:23:04,549
 
arthur followed the movement of lord

00:23:04,549 --> 00:23:04,559
arthur followed the movement of lord
 

00:23:04,559 --> 00:23:06,950
arthur followed the movement of lord
methuen with eight thousand men to

00:23:06,950 --> 00:23:06,960
methuen with eight thousand men to
 

00:23:06,960 --> 00:23:09,669
methuen with eight thousand men to
relieve kimberly and mafiking encircled

00:23:09,669 --> 00:23:09,679
relieve kimberly and mafiking encircled
 

00:23:09,679 --> 00:23:11,590
relieve kimberly and mafiking encircled
by the boars

00:23:11,590 --> 00:23:11,600
by the boars
 

00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:14,310
by the boars
general bulla with fifteen thousand

00:23:14,310 --> 00:23:14,320
general bulla with fifteen thousand
 

00:23:14,320 --> 00:23:19,990
general bulla with fifteen thousand
was off to relieve lady smith

00:23:19,990 --> 00:23:20,000
 
 

00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:22,630
 
but in their way stood the boers helped

00:23:22,630 --> 00:23:22,640
but in their way stood the boers helped
 

00:23:22,640 --> 00:23:27,510
but in their way stood the boers helped
by the volunteer irish brigade

00:23:27,510 --> 00:23:27,520
 
 

00:23:27,520 --> 00:23:29,270
 
they leapt at the chance to strike a

00:23:29,270 --> 00:23:29,280
they leapt at the chance to strike a
 

00:23:29,280 --> 00:23:31,270
they leapt at the chance to strike a
blow for the rights of small nations

00:23:31,270 --> 00:23:31,280
blow for the rights of small nations
 

00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:36,950
blow for the rights of small nations
against the british oppressor

00:23:36,950 --> 00:23:36,960
 
 

00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:38,549
 
what they learned detonating railway

00:23:38,549 --> 00:23:38,559
what they learned detonating railway
 

00:23:38,559 --> 00:23:41,029
what they learned detonating railway
lines in south africa would later be put

00:23:41,029 --> 00:23:41,039
lines in south africa would later be put
 

00:23:41,039 --> 00:23:45,750
lines in south africa would later be put
to use with the ira

00:23:45,750 --> 00:23:45,760
 
 

00:23:45,760 --> 00:23:47,830
 
as well as blowing up bridges

00:23:47,830 --> 00:23:47,840
as well as blowing up bridges
 

00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:50,630
as well as blowing up bridges
the boers ambushed trains and armored

00:23:50,630 --> 00:23:50,640
the boers ambushed trains and armored
 

00:23:50,640 --> 00:23:55,340
the boers ambushed trains and armored
trains in particular

00:23:55,340 --> 00:23:55,350
 
 

00:23:55,350 --> 00:23:57,990
 
[Music]

00:23:57,990 --> 00:23:58,000
[Music]
 

00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:01,269
[Music]
on the 15th of november 1899 winston

00:24:01,269 --> 00:24:01,279
on the 15th of november 1899 winston
 

00:24:01,279 --> 00:24:04,310
on the 15th of november 1899 winston
churchill took a ride in one

00:24:04,310 --> 00:24:04,320
churchill took a ride in one
 

00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:06,950
churchill took a ride in one
the guardian correspondent refused to go

00:24:06,950 --> 00:24:06,960
the guardian correspondent refused to go
 

00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:08,549
the guardian correspondent refused to go
saying church would either see too

00:24:08,549 --> 00:24:08,559
saying church would either see too
 

00:24:08,559 --> 00:24:11,269
saying church would either see too
little or too much

00:24:11,269 --> 00:24:11,279
little or too much
 

00:24:11,279 --> 00:24:13,750
little or too much
the boers derailed the train here at the

00:24:13,750 --> 00:24:13,760
the boers derailed the train here at the
 

00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:15,669
the boers derailed the train here at the
foot of this hill

00:24:15,669 --> 00:24:15,679
foot of this hill
 

00:24:15,679 --> 00:24:17,909
foot of this hill
my grandfather was the medical officer

00:24:17,909 --> 00:24:17,919
my grandfather was the medical officer
 

00:24:17,919 --> 00:24:19,909
my grandfather was the medical officer
on the armored train

00:24:19,909 --> 00:24:19,919
on the armored train
 

00:24:19,919 --> 00:24:22,870
on the armored train
during this derailment they came under

00:24:22,870 --> 00:24:22,880
during this derailment they came under
 

00:24:22,880 --> 00:24:25,029
during this derailment they came under
fire from the ridge west of the railway

00:24:25,029 --> 00:24:25,039
fire from the ridge west of the railway
 

00:24:25,039 --> 00:24:26,310
fire from the ridge west of the railway
line

00:24:26,310 --> 00:24:26,320
line
 

00:24:26,320 --> 00:24:29,830
line
and the fire was pretty heavy and

00:24:29,830 --> 00:24:29,840
and the fire was pretty heavy and
 

00:24:29,840 --> 00:24:33,830
and the fire was pretty heavy and
they were wounded almost from the first

00:24:33,830 --> 00:24:33,840
they were wounded almost from the first
 

00:24:33,840 --> 00:24:36,310
they were wounded almost from the first
and winston churchill was on that

00:24:36,310 --> 00:24:36,320
and winston churchill was on that
 

00:24:36,320 --> 00:24:37,909
and winston churchill was on that
armored train

00:24:37,909 --> 00:24:37,919
armored train
 

00:24:37,919 --> 00:24:41,029
armored train
i can remember my grandfather saying

00:24:41,029 --> 00:24:41,039
i can remember my grandfather saying
 

00:24:41,039 --> 00:24:42,230
i can remember my grandfather saying
that

00:24:42,230 --> 00:24:42,240
that
 

00:24:42,240 --> 00:24:45,110
that
he remembered winston churchill turning

00:24:45,110 --> 00:24:45,120
he remembered winston churchill turning
 

00:24:45,120 --> 00:24:48,470
he remembered winston churchill turning
to his batman and saying pass me my

00:24:48,470 --> 00:24:48,480
to his batman and saying pass me my
 

00:24:48,480 --> 00:24:51,990
to his batman and saying pass me my
heavy revolver

00:24:51,990 --> 00:24:52,000
 
 

00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:53,750
 
churchill switched abruptly from

00:24:53,750 --> 00:24:53,760
churchill switched abruptly from
 

00:24:53,760 --> 00:24:56,870
churchill switched abruptly from
journalist to leader of men

00:24:56,870 --> 00:24:56,880
journalist to leader of men
 

00:24:56,880 --> 00:24:59,510
journalist to leader of men
an intense fight followed resulting in

00:24:59,510 --> 00:24:59,520
an intense fight followed resulting in
 

00:24:59,520 --> 00:25:00,710
an intense fight followed resulting in
four dead

00:25:00,710 --> 00:25:00,720
four dead
 

00:25:00,720 --> 00:25:03,909
four dead
14 wounded and 58 taken prisoner

00:25:03,909 --> 00:25:03,919
14 wounded and 58 taken prisoner
 

00:25:03,919 --> 00:25:06,590
14 wounded and 58 taken prisoner
including winston churchill

00:25:06,590 --> 00:25:06,600
including winston churchill
 

00:25:06,600 --> 00:25:09,110
including winston churchill
[Music]

00:25:09,110 --> 00:25:09,120
[Music]
 

00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:11,029
[Music]
and then on his way to prison in

00:25:11,029 --> 00:25:11,039
and then on his way to prison in
 

00:25:11,039 --> 00:25:13,269
and then on his way to prison in
pretoria churchill was treated to a

00:25:13,269 --> 00:25:13,279
pretoria churchill was treated to a
 

00:25:13,279 --> 00:25:15,669
pretoria churchill was treated to a
lecture by his boer guard which suddenly

00:25:15,669 --> 00:25:15,679
lecture by his boer guard which suddenly
 

00:25:15,679 --> 00:25:17,909
lecture by his boer guard which suddenly
made him see why the boers opposed them

00:25:17,909 --> 00:25:17,919
made him see why the boers opposed them
 

00:25:17,919 --> 00:25:20,789
made him see why the boers opposed them
so bitterly

00:25:20,789 --> 00:25:20,799
 
 

00:25:20,799 --> 00:25:23,029
 
they fear that the british in victory

00:25:23,029 --> 00:25:23,039
they fear that the british in victory
 

00:25:23,039 --> 00:25:25,190
they fear that the british in victory
would give full equal rights to the

00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:25,200
would give full equal rights to the
 

00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:28,070
would give full equal rights to the
blacks

00:25:28,070 --> 00:25:28,080
blacks
 

00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:30,230
blacks
fancy letting the black filth walk on

00:25:30,230 --> 00:25:30,240
fancy letting the black filth walk on
 

00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:31,350
fancy letting the black filth walk on
the pavement

00:25:31,350 --> 00:25:31,360
the pavement
 

00:25:31,360 --> 00:25:33,190
the pavement
educate a cavern

00:25:33,190 --> 00:25:33,200
educate a cavern
 

00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:35,830
educate a cavern
ah that's you english all over we

00:25:35,830 --> 00:25:35,840
ah that's you english all over we
 

00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:37,830
ah that's you english all over we
educate them with a stick

00:25:37,830 --> 00:25:37,840
educate them with a stick
 

00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:39,590
educate them with a stick
they were put here by the god almighty

00:25:39,590 --> 00:25:39,600
they were put here by the god almighty
 

00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:41,269
they were put here by the god almighty
to work for us

00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:41,279
to work for us
 

00:25:41,279 --> 00:25:43,110
to work for us
insist on their proper treatment will

00:25:43,110 --> 00:25:43,120
insist on their proper treatment will
 

00:25:43,120 --> 00:25:45,430
insist on their proper treatment will
you we'll settle whether you english are

00:25:45,430 --> 00:25:45,440
you we'll settle whether you english are
 

00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:48,070
you we'll settle whether you english are
to interfere with us before this war is

00:25:48,070 --> 00:25:48,080
to interfere with us before this war is
 

00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:50,549
to interfere with us before this war is
over

00:25:50,549 --> 00:25:50,559
 
 

00:25:50,559 --> 00:25:56,070
 
10th of december 1899

00:25:56,070 --> 00:25:56,080
 
 

00:25:56,080 --> 00:25:58,390
 
british artillery pounded poor positions

00:25:58,390 --> 00:25:58,400
british artillery pounded poor positions
 

00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:04,470
british artillery pounded poor positions
in the hills around the besieged towns

00:26:04,470 --> 00:26:04,480
 
 

00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:07,909
 
hills like margus fontaine near kimberly

00:26:07,909 --> 00:26:07,919
hills like margus fontaine near kimberly
 

00:26:07,919 --> 00:26:10,390
hills like margus fontaine near kimberly
after the heavy bombardment it showed no

00:26:10,390 --> 00:26:10,400
after the heavy bombardment it showed no
 

00:26:10,400 --> 00:26:13,669
after the heavy bombardment it showed no
signs of bore life

00:26:13,669 --> 00:26:13,679
 
 

00:26:13,679 --> 00:26:15,269
 
so three and a half thousand men of the

00:26:15,269 --> 00:26:15,279
so three and a half thousand men of the
 

00:26:15,279 --> 00:26:22,830
so three and a half thousand men of the
highland brigade prepared to capture

00:26:22,830 --> 00:26:22,840
 
 

00:26:22,840 --> 00:26:25,190
 
it it was a night attack in a

00:26:25,190 --> 00:26:25,200
it it was a night attack in a
 

00:26:25,200 --> 00:26:31,830
it it was a night attack in a
thunderstorm

00:26:31,830 --> 00:26:31,840
 
 

00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:37,510
 
there had been no reconnaissance

00:26:37,510 --> 00:26:37,520
 
 

00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:39,590
 
near the foot of the hill they were hit

00:26:39,590 --> 00:26:39,600
near the foot of the hill they were hit
 

00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:45,029
near the foot of the hill they were hit
by a tremendous volley of bullets

00:26:45,029 --> 00:26:45,039
 
 

00:26:45,039 --> 00:26:46,470
 
some were killed

00:26:46,470 --> 00:26:46,480
some were killed
 

00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:48,630
some were killed
others panicked and ran

00:26:48,630 --> 00:26:48,640
others panicked and ran
 

00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:57,110
others panicked and ran
most stuck it out

00:26:57,110 --> 00:26:57,120
 
 

00:26:57,120 --> 00:26:59,110
 
for the whole of the next day the

00:26:59,110 --> 00:26:59,120
for the whole of the next day the
 

00:26:59,120 --> 00:27:01,430
for the whole of the next day the
highlanders lay on the plane without

00:27:01,430 --> 00:27:01,440
highlanders lay on the plane without
 

00:27:01,440 --> 00:27:03,190
highlanders lay on the plane without
shelter from long-range mausers or

00:27:03,190 --> 00:27:03,200
shelter from long-range mausers or
 

00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:05,510
shelter from long-range mausers or
baking sun

00:27:05,510 --> 00:27:05,520
baking sun
 

00:27:05,520 --> 00:27:09,350
baking sun
but where were the boys shooting from

00:27:09,350 --> 00:27:09,360
but where were the boys shooting from
 

00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:11,909
but where were the boys shooting from
to answer that question lord methuen

00:27:11,909 --> 00:27:11,919
to answer that question lord methuen
 

00:27:11,919 --> 00:27:17,110
to answer that question lord methuen
ordered an aerial reconnoiter

00:27:17,110 --> 00:27:17,120
 
 

00:27:17,120 --> 00:27:19,110
 
while the battle raged below

00:27:19,110 --> 00:27:19,120
while the battle raged below
 

00:27:19,120 --> 00:27:20,950
while the battle raged below
captain jones went up to look for the

00:27:20,950 --> 00:27:20,960
captain jones went up to look for the
 

00:27:20,960 --> 00:27:25,830
captain jones went up to look for the
enemy

00:27:25,830 --> 00:27:25,840
 
 

00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:27,750
 
filled balloon titanium made a sense for

00:27:27,750 --> 00:27:27,760
filled balloon titanium made a sense for
 

00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:32,389
filled balloon titanium made a sense for
observing purposes for several hours

00:27:32,389 --> 00:27:32,399
 
 

00:27:32,399 --> 00:27:36,070
 
saw kimberly in the distance

00:27:36,070 --> 00:27:36,080
 
 

00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:38,149
 
but the boer position was so well taken

00:27:38,149 --> 00:27:38,159
but the boer position was so well taken
 

00:27:38,159 --> 00:27:39,029
but the boer position was so well taken
up

00:27:39,029 --> 00:27:39,039
up
 

00:27:39,039 --> 00:27:43,190
up
that it was almost impossible to locate

00:27:43,190 --> 00:27:43,200
 
 

00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:44,950
 
but captain jones was looking in the

00:27:44,950 --> 00:27:44,960
but captain jones was looking in the
 

00:27:44,960 --> 00:27:47,350
but captain jones was looking in the
wrong place

00:27:47,350 --> 00:27:47,360
wrong place
 

00:27:47,360 --> 00:27:49,750
wrong place
the boers weren't on the hill at all

00:27:49,750 --> 00:27:49,760
the boers weren't on the hill at all
 

00:27:49,760 --> 00:27:57,029
the boers weren't on the hill at all
they were secure in a trench at its foot

00:27:57,029 --> 00:27:57,039
 
 

00:27:57,039 --> 00:27:59,990
 
the trench is still there

00:27:59,990 --> 00:28:00,000
the trench is still there
 

00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:02,149
the trench is still there
a century ago michael heifer's father

00:28:02,149 --> 00:28:02,159
a century ago michael heifer's father
 

00:28:02,159 --> 00:28:04,389
a century ago michael heifer's father
louis lay behind it picking off the

00:28:04,389 --> 00:28:04,399
louis lay behind it picking off the
 

00:28:04,399 --> 00:28:06,789
louis lay behind it picking off the
highland brigade

00:28:06,789 --> 00:28:06,799
highland brigade
 

00:28:06,799 --> 00:28:09,110
highland brigade
after a day of slaughter a truce was

00:28:09,110 --> 00:28:09,120
after a day of slaughter a truce was
 

00:28:09,120 --> 00:28:10,230
after a day of slaughter a truce was
called

00:28:10,230 --> 00:28:10,240
called
 

00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:13,350
called
michael remembers his father's words

00:28:13,350 --> 00:28:13,360
michael remembers his father's words
 

00:28:13,360 --> 00:28:26,950
michael remembers his father's words
at the shelves

00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:26,960
 
 

00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:29,830
 
i was very moved to see these young men

00:28:29,830 --> 00:28:29,840
i was very moved to see these young men
 

00:28:29,840 --> 00:28:31,990
i was very moved to see these young men
the reason was because there wasn't one

00:28:31,990 --> 00:28:32,000
the reason was because there wasn't one
 

00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:36,230
the reason was because there wasn't one
old man there they were all kids

00:28:36,230 --> 00:28:36,240
 
 

00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:38,149
 
my father saw an old scottish minister

00:28:38,149 --> 00:28:38,159
my father saw an old scottish minister
 

00:28:38,159 --> 00:28:39,750
my father saw an old scottish minister
walking amongst them reading from a

00:28:39,750 --> 00:28:39,760
walking amongst them reading from a
 

00:28:39,760 --> 00:28:41,350
walking amongst them reading from a
bible

00:28:41,350 --> 00:28:41,360
bible
 

00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:43,430
bible
my father said it touched him deeply to

00:28:43,430 --> 00:28:43,440
my father said it touched him deeply to
 

00:28:43,440 --> 00:28:45,590
my father said it touched him deeply to
see all the dead people even though it

00:28:45,590 --> 00:28:45,600
see all the dead people even though it
 

00:28:45,600 --> 00:28:49,010
see all the dead people even though it
was a big victory

00:28:49,010 --> 00:28:49,020
was a big victory
 

00:28:49,020 --> 00:28:51,830
was a big victory
[Music]

00:28:51,830 --> 00:28:51,840
[Music]
 

00:28:51,840 --> 00:28:56,470
[Music]
there were over 900 british casualties

00:28:56,470 --> 00:28:56,480
 
 

00:28:56,480 --> 00:28:58,470
 
the black watch and seaforths bore the

00:28:58,470 --> 00:28:58,480
the black watch and seaforths bore the
 

00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:01,269
the black watch and seaforths bore the
brunt

00:29:01,269 --> 00:29:01,279
 
 

00:29:01,279 --> 00:29:03,510
 
one highlander said they had been taken

00:29:03,510 --> 00:29:03,520
one highlander said they had been taken
 

00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:07,270
one highlander said they had been taken
into a butcher shop and left there

00:29:07,270 --> 00:29:07,280
 
 

00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:09,110
 
[Music]

00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:09,120
[Music]
 

00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:11,350
[Music]
a private and the black watch dictated a

00:29:11,350 --> 00:29:11,360
a private and the black watch dictated a
 

00:29:11,360 --> 00:29:16,950
a private and the black watch dictated a
poem from his hospital bed

00:29:16,950 --> 00:29:16,960
 
 

00:29:16,960 --> 00:29:19,269
 
why weren't we told of the trenches

00:29:19,269 --> 00:29:19,279
why weren't we told of the trenches
 

00:29:19,279 --> 00:29:21,830
why weren't we told of the trenches
why weren't we told of the wire

00:29:21,830 --> 00:29:21,840
why weren't we told of the wire
 

00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:24,149
why weren't we told of the wire
why attack in the quarter column

00:29:24,149 --> 00:29:24,159
why attack in the quarter column
 

00:29:24,159 --> 00:29:27,510
why attack in the quarter column
they tommy atkins inquire

00:29:27,510 --> 00:29:27,520
they tommy atkins inquire
 

00:29:27,520 --> 00:29:29,909
they tommy atkins inquire
why were no scouts sent forward

00:29:29,909 --> 00:29:29,919
why were no scouts sent forward
 

00:29:29,919 --> 00:29:33,029
why were no scouts sent forward
why were no scouts on our flank

00:29:33,029 --> 00:29:33,039
why were no scouts on our flank
 

00:29:33,039 --> 00:29:35,430
why were no scouts on our flank
why were we matched up in column

00:29:35,430 --> 00:29:35,440
why were we matched up in column
 

00:29:35,440 --> 00:29:37,029
why were we matched up in column
who made the mistake

00:29:37,029 --> 00:29:37,039
who made the mistake
 

00:29:37,039 --> 00:29:38,830
who made the mistake
give his

00:29:38,830 --> 00:29:38,840
give his
 

00:29:38,840 --> 00:29:41,350
give his
rank do they know his name in old

00:29:41,350 --> 00:29:41,360
rank do they know his name in old
 

00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:42,470
rank do they know his name in old
england

00:29:42,470 --> 00:29:42,480
england
 

00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:45,510
england
do they know his incompetence yet

00:29:45,510 --> 00:29:45,520
do they know his incompetence yet
 

00:29:45,520 --> 00:29:48,389
do they know his incompetence yet
tommy has learned to his sorrow

00:29:48,389 --> 00:29:48,399
tommy has learned to his sorrow
 

00:29:48,399 --> 00:29:50,820
tommy has learned to his sorrow
and tommy will never forget

00:29:50,820 --> 00:29:50,830
and tommy will never forget
 

00:29:50,830 --> 00:30:04,780
and tommy will never forget
[Music]

00:30:04,780 --> 00:30:04,790
 
 

00:30:04,790 --> 00:30:05,990
 
[Music]

00:30:05,990 --> 00:30:06,000
[Music]
 

00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:08,630
[Music]
they called it black week in britain

00:30:08,630 --> 00:30:08,640
they called it black week in britain
 

00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:10,549
they called it black week in britain
there had been two other defeats in five

00:30:10,549 --> 00:30:10,559
there had been two other defeats in five
 

00:30:10,559 --> 00:30:13,720
there had been two other defeats in five
days at stormberg and calenso

00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:13,730
days at stormberg and calenso
 

00:30:13,730 --> 00:30:15,029
days at stormberg and calenso
[Music]

00:30:15,029 --> 00:30:15,039
[Music]
 

00:30:15,039 --> 00:30:18,070
[Music]
i realized by the actual news in the

00:30:18,070 --> 00:30:18,080
i realized by the actual news in the
 

00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:20,789
i realized by the actual news in the
paper that uh things weren't going too

00:30:20,789 --> 00:30:20,799
paper that uh things weren't going too
 

00:30:20,799 --> 00:30:23,909
paper that uh things weren't going too
well it was probably due to the lack of

00:30:23,909 --> 00:30:23,919
well it was probably due to the lack of
 

00:30:23,919 --> 00:30:26,070
well it was probably due to the lack of
supplies and they're

00:30:26,070 --> 00:30:26,080
supplies and they're
 

00:30:26,080 --> 00:30:27,110
supplies and they're
fighting

00:30:27,110 --> 00:30:27,120
fighting
 

00:30:27,120 --> 00:30:29,510
fighting
in an unknown country where those on the

00:30:29,510 --> 00:30:29,520
in an unknown country where those on the
 

00:30:29,520 --> 00:30:31,990
in an unknown country where those on the
spot were very familiar with it

00:30:31,990 --> 00:30:32,000
spot were very familiar with it
 

00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:35,669
spot were very familiar with it
it was humiliating

00:30:35,669 --> 00:30:35,679
 
 

00:30:35,679 --> 00:30:38,230
 
no one alive in 1899 could remember a

00:30:38,230 --> 00:30:38,240
no one alive in 1899 could remember a
 

00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:40,149
no one alive in 1899 could remember a
time when the british had been beaten so

00:30:40,149 --> 00:30:40,159
time when the british had been beaten so
 

00:30:40,159 --> 00:30:42,149
time when the british had been beaten so
resoundingly

00:30:42,149 --> 00:30:42,159
resoundingly
 

00:30:42,159 --> 00:30:44,389
resoundingly
a century of certainty overturned by a

00:30:44,389 --> 00:30:44,399
a century of certainty overturned by a
 

00:30:44,399 --> 00:30:46,950
a century of certainty overturned by a
bunch of foreign farmers

00:30:46,950 --> 00:30:46,960
bunch of foreign farmers
 

00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:49,029
bunch of foreign farmers
lord woolsey commander-in-chief of the

00:30:49,029 --> 00:30:49,039
lord woolsey commander-in-chief of the
 

00:30:49,039 --> 00:30:52,070
lord woolsey commander-in-chief of the
british army was appalled

00:30:52,070 --> 00:30:52,080
british army was appalled
 

00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:53,990
british army was appalled
we are face to face with a serious

00:30:53,990 --> 00:30:54,000
we are face to face with a serious
 

00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:56,470
we are face to face with a serious
national crisis and unless we meet it

00:30:56,470 --> 00:30:56,480
national crisis and unless we meet it
 

00:30:56,480 --> 00:30:58,470
national crisis and unless we meet it
boldly it will lead to dangerous

00:30:58,470 --> 00:30:58,480
boldly it will lead to dangerous
 

00:30:58,480 --> 00:31:05,269
boldly it will lead to dangerous
complications with foreign powers

00:31:05,269 --> 00:31:05,279
 
 

00:31:05,279 --> 00:31:07,430
 
but the foreigners first instinct was to

00:31:07,430 --> 00:31:07,440
but the foreigners first instinct was to
 

00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:16,630
but the foreigners first instinct was to
laugh

00:31:16,630 --> 00:31:16,640
 
 

00:31:16,640 --> 00:31:19,509
 
queen victoria had her own reply

00:31:19,509 --> 00:31:19,519
queen victoria had her own reply
 

00:31:19,519 --> 00:31:20,789
queen victoria had her own reply
we are not interested in the

00:31:20,789 --> 00:31:20,799
we are not interested in the
 

00:31:20,799 --> 00:31:24,630
we are not interested in the
possibilities of defeat

00:31:24,630 --> 00:31:24,640
 
 

00:31:24,640 --> 00:31:26,789
 
but bohr response to trouncing britain

00:31:26,789 --> 00:31:26,799
but bohr response to trouncing britain
 

00:31:26,799 --> 00:31:30,070
but bohr response to trouncing britain
was strangely subdued

00:31:30,070 --> 00:31:30,080
was strangely subdued
 

00:31:30,080 --> 00:31:34,549
was strangely subdued
by los afrai valerie

00:31:34,549 --> 00:31:34,559
 
 

00:31:34,559 --> 00:31:36,549
 
foreign volunteers fighting with the

00:31:36,549 --> 00:31:36,559
foreign volunteers fighting with the
 

00:31:36,559 --> 00:31:38,870
foreign volunteers fighting with the
boers were astounded that the boers were

00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:38,880
boers were astounded that the boers were
 

00:31:38,880 --> 00:31:41,750
boers were astounded that the boers were
not elated about these victories

00:31:41,750 --> 00:31:41,760
not elated about these victories
 

00:31:41,760 --> 00:31:43,669
not elated about these victories
but it was just part of god's plan

00:31:43,669 --> 00:31:43,679
but it was just part of god's plan
 

00:31:43,679 --> 00:31:56,710
but it was just part of god's plan
what's up

00:31:56,710 --> 00:31:56,720
 
 

00:31:56,720 --> 00:31:58,630
 
so they accepted the victories and all

00:31:58,630 --> 00:31:58,640
so they accepted the victories and all
 

00:31:58,640 --> 00:32:09,269
so they accepted the victories and all
was well

00:32:09,269 --> 00:32:09,279
 
 

00:32:09,279 --> 00:32:11,990
 
but there was no chance of peace

00:32:11,990 --> 00:32:12,000
but there was no chance of peace
 

00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:14,149
but there was no chance of peace
an atmosphere of defiant jingoism now

00:32:14,149 --> 00:32:14,159
an atmosphere of defiant jingoism now
 

00:32:14,159 --> 00:32:16,310
an atmosphere of defiant jingoism now
ruled in britain

00:32:16,310 --> 00:32:16,320
ruled in britain
 

00:32:16,320 --> 00:32:17,909
ruled in britain
while queen victoria cheered up the

00:32:17,909 --> 00:32:17,919
while queen victoria cheered up the
 

00:32:17,919 --> 00:32:19,750
while queen victoria cheered up the
soldiers already in south africa with a

00:32:19,750 --> 00:32:19,760
soldiers already in south africa with a
 

00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:21,830
soldiers already in south africa with a
tin of chocolates each for christmas

00:32:21,830 --> 00:32:21,840
tin of chocolates each for christmas
 

00:32:21,840 --> 00:32:27,810
tin of chocolates each for christmas
lord woolsey decided to double the army

00:32:27,810 --> 00:32:27,820
 
 

00:32:27,820 --> 00:32:28,960
 
[Applause]

00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:28,970
[Applause]
 

00:32:28,970 --> 00:32:30,549
[Applause]
[Music]

00:32:30,549 --> 00:32:30,559
[Music]
 

00:32:30,559 --> 00:32:33,190
[Music]
the imperial volunteers were formed with

00:32:33,190 --> 00:32:33,200
the imperial volunteers were formed with
 

00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:35,190
the imperial volunteers were formed with
gentlemen for the first time serving in

00:32:35,190 --> 00:32:35,200
gentlemen for the first time serving in
 

00:32:35,200 --> 00:32:36,000
gentlemen for the first time serving in
the ranks

00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:36,010
the ranks
 

00:32:36,010 --> 00:32:38,070
the ranks
[Applause]

00:32:38,070 --> 00:32:38,080
[Applause]
 

00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:42,940
[Applause]
people now spoke of it as a national war

00:32:42,940 --> 00:32:42,950
people now spoke of it as a national war
 

00:32:42,950 --> 00:32:44,030
people now spoke of it as a national war
[Applause]

00:32:44,030 --> 00:32:44,040
[Applause]
 

00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:46,789
[Applause]
[Music]

00:32:46,789 --> 00:32:46,799
[Music]
 

00:32:46,799 --> 00:32:48,389
[Music]
and after the failures of bullar and

00:32:48,389 --> 00:32:48,399
and after the failures of bullar and
 

00:32:48,399 --> 00:32:51,430
and after the failures of bullar and
methuen new leaders were called for

00:32:51,430 --> 00:32:51,440
methuen new leaders were called for
 

00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:53,110
methuen new leaders were called for
enter field marshal lord roberts of

00:32:53,110 --> 00:32:53,120
enter field marshal lord roberts of
 

00:32:53,120 --> 00:32:55,830
enter field marshal lord roberts of
kandahar and lord kitchener of khartoum

00:32:55,830 --> 00:32:55,840
kandahar and lord kitchener of khartoum
 

00:32:55,840 --> 00:32:58,230
kandahar and lord kitchener of khartoum
himself

00:32:58,230 --> 00:32:58,240
himself
 

00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:03,029
himself
i remember they used to sing a song

00:33:03,029 --> 00:33:03,039
i remember they used to sing a song
 

00:33:03,039 --> 00:33:05,750
i remember they used to sing a song
lord robertson kitchener

00:33:05,750 --> 00:33:05,760
lord robertson kitchener
 

00:33:05,760 --> 00:33:08,070
lord robertson kitchener
general buller and white

00:33:08,070 --> 00:33:08,080
general buller and white
 

00:33:08,080 --> 00:33:11,110
general buller and white
four of the bravest generals that ever

00:33:11,110 --> 00:33:11,120
four of the bravest generals that ever
 

00:33:11,120 --> 00:33:13,590
four of the bravest generals that ever
went out to fight

00:33:13,590 --> 00:33:13,600
went out to fight
 

00:33:13,600 --> 00:33:15,669
went out to fight
and then it went on

00:33:15,669 --> 00:33:15,679
and then it went on
 

00:33:15,679 --> 00:33:18,870
and then it went on
and when the war is over how happy will

00:33:18,870 --> 00:33:18,880
and when the war is over how happy will
 

00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:23,029
and when the war is over how happy will
be for i love rosie o'grady and rosie oh

00:33:23,029 --> 00:33:23,039
be for i love rosie o'grady and rosie oh
 

00:33:23,039 --> 00:33:27,190
be for i love rosie o'grady and rosie oh
great he loves me

00:33:27,190 --> 00:33:27,200
 
 

00:33:27,200 --> 00:33:29,990
 
on the 10th of january 1900 roberts

00:33:29,990 --> 00:33:30,000
on the 10th of january 1900 roberts
 

00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:31,110
on the 10th of january 1900 roberts
landed in cape town as

00:33:31,110 --> 00:33:31,120
landed in cape town as
 

00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:35,430
landed in cape town as
commander-in-chief over general bulla

00:33:35,430 --> 00:33:35,440
commander-in-chief over general bulla
 

00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:37,430
commander-in-chief over general bulla
in contrast with the patriotic optimism

00:33:37,430 --> 00:33:37,440
in contrast with the patriotic optimism
 

00:33:37,440 --> 00:33:38,710
in contrast with the patriotic optimism
back home

00:33:38,710 --> 00:33:38,720
back home
 

00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:40,470
back home
roberts had deep misgivings about the

00:33:40,470 --> 00:33:40,480
roberts had deep misgivings about the
 

00:33:40,480 --> 00:33:42,149
roberts had deep misgivings about the
campaign

00:33:42,149 --> 00:33:42,159
campaign
 

00:33:42,159 --> 00:33:43,830
campaign
his only son freddie had just been

00:33:43,830 --> 00:33:43,840
his only son freddie had just been
 

00:33:43,840 --> 00:33:44,870
his only son freddie had just been
killed

00:33:44,870 --> 00:33:44,880
killed
 

00:33:44,880 --> 00:33:46,950
killed
during bulla's failed bid to relieve

00:33:46,950 --> 00:33:46,960
during bulla's failed bid to relieve
 

00:33:46,960 --> 00:33:49,669
during bulla's failed bid to relieve
ladysmith

00:33:49,669 --> 00:33:49,679
 
 

00:33:49,679 --> 00:33:52,070
 
bulla was now just 16 miles from lady

00:33:52,070 --> 00:33:52,080
bulla was now just 16 miles from lady
 

00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:53,509
bulla was now just 16 miles from lady
smith

00:33:53,509 --> 00:33:53,519
smith
 

00:33:53,519 --> 00:33:55,909
smith
wary of chalking up another defeat

00:33:55,909 --> 00:33:55,919
wary of chalking up another defeat
 

00:33:55,919 --> 00:33:57,830
wary of chalking up another defeat
he put general warren in temporary

00:33:57,830 --> 00:33:57,840
he put general warren in temporary
 

00:33:57,840 --> 00:34:01,269
he put general warren in temporary
command

00:34:01,269 --> 00:34:01,279
 
 

00:34:01,279 --> 00:34:03,669
 
in between warren and lady smith was a

00:34:03,669 --> 00:34:03,679
in between warren and lady smith was a
 

00:34:03,679 --> 00:34:10,389
in between warren and lady smith was a
formidable range of hills

00:34:10,389 --> 00:34:10,399
 
 

00:34:10,399 --> 00:34:12,310
 
british mounted infantry scouting on the

00:34:12,310 --> 00:34:12,320
british mounted infantry scouting on the
 

00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:13,589
british mounted infantry scouting on the
left flank

00:34:13,589 --> 00:34:13,599
left flank
 

00:34:13,599 --> 00:34:15,349
left flank
stumbled on a clear route round the

00:34:15,349 --> 00:34:15,359
stumbled on a clear route round the
 

00:34:15,359 --> 00:34:17,270
stumbled on a clear route round the
hills to ladysmith

00:34:17,270 --> 00:34:17,280
hills to ladysmith
 

00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:18,790
hills to ladysmith
this would have averted the bloodiest

00:34:18,790 --> 00:34:18,800
this would have averted the bloodiest
 

00:34:18,800 --> 00:34:21,430
this would have averted the bloodiest
battle of the whole war

00:34:21,430 --> 00:34:21,440
battle of the whole war
 

00:34:21,440 --> 00:34:23,909
battle of the whole war
but the british army of 1900 was no

00:34:23,909 --> 00:34:23,919
but the british army of 1900 was no
 

00:34:23,919 --> 00:34:26,230
but the british army of 1900 was no
place for initiative

00:34:26,230 --> 00:34:26,240
place for initiative
 

00:34:26,240 --> 00:34:28,389
place for initiative
warren ordered these men back and

00:34:28,389 --> 00:34:28,399
warren ordered these men back and
 

00:34:28,399 --> 00:34:30,149
warren ordered these men back and
decided to force straight through the

00:34:30,149 --> 00:34:30,159
decided to force straight through the
 

00:34:30,159 --> 00:34:33,510
decided to force straight through the
hills

00:34:33,510 --> 00:34:33,520
 
 

00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:36,389
 
that meant capturing spion cop the same

00:34:36,389 --> 00:34:36,399
that meant capturing spion cop the same
 

00:34:36,399 --> 00:34:37,990
that meant capturing spion cop the same
vantage point from which the voir

00:34:37,990 --> 00:34:38,000
vantage point from which the voir
 

00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:43,109
vantage point from which the voir
trekkers had looked out 60 years before

00:34:43,109 --> 00:34:43,119
 
 

00:34:43,119 --> 00:34:44,790
 
one of the officers taking part in the

00:34:44,790 --> 00:34:44,800
one of the officers taking part in the
 

00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:46,869
one of the officers taking part in the
operation was lieutenant colonel

00:34:46,869 --> 00:34:46,879
operation was lieutenant colonel
 

00:34:46,879 --> 00:34:53,669
operation was lieutenant colonel
alexander thornycroft

00:34:53,669 --> 00:34:53,679
 
 

00:34:53,679 --> 00:34:56,069
 
it was to be a surprise attack at night

00:34:56,069 --> 00:34:56,079
it was to be a surprise attack at night
 

00:34:56,079 --> 00:35:01,109
it was to be a surprise attack at night
up this valley to spion [ __ ] beyond

00:35:01,109 --> 00:35:01,119
 
 

00:35:01,119 --> 00:35:02,870
 
but thornycroft realized they would get

00:35:02,870 --> 00:35:02,880
but thornycroft realized they would get
 

00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:06,069
but thornycroft realized they would get
hopelessly lost in the darkness

00:35:06,069 --> 00:35:06,079
hopelessly lost in the darkness
 

00:35:06,079 --> 00:35:07,990
hopelessly lost in the darkness
so he sat here at dusk

00:35:07,990 --> 00:35:08,000
so he sat here at dusk
 

00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:10,230
so he sat here at dusk
a noting the landmarks ahead

00:35:10,230 --> 00:35:10,240
a noting the landmarks ahead
 

00:35:10,240 --> 00:35:14,310
a noting the landmarks ahead
drew a sketch map to guide them

00:35:14,310 --> 00:35:14,320
 
 

00:35:14,320 --> 00:35:17,109
 
a century on thornycroft's family brings

00:35:17,109 --> 00:35:17,119
a century on thornycroft's family brings
 

00:35:17,119 --> 00:35:21,589
a century on thornycroft's family brings
a copy of the map back to spionkop

00:35:21,589 --> 00:35:21,599
 
 

00:35:21,599 --> 00:35:24,150
 
right

00:35:24,150 --> 00:35:24,160
 
 

00:35:24,160 --> 00:35:26,230
 
it's wonderful they show it to their

00:35:26,230 --> 00:35:26,240
it's wonderful they show it to their
 

00:35:26,240 --> 00:35:29,990
it's wonderful they show it to their
guide gilbert torlage

00:35:29,990 --> 00:35:30,000
guide gilbert torlage
 

00:35:30,000 --> 00:35:33,030
guide gilbert torlage
shelf down the side here which is

00:35:33,030 --> 00:35:33,040
shelf down the side here which is
 

00:35:33,040 --> 00:35:40,069
shelf down the side here which is
visible

00:35:40,069 --> 00:35:40,079
 
 

00:35:40,079 --> 00:35:43,109
 
the map enabled the assault force of 1

00:35:43,109 --> 00:35:43,119
the map enabled the assault force of 1
 

00:35:43,119 --> 00:35:45,589
the map enabled the assault force of 1
hundred men to make their way ups beyond

00:35:45,589 --> 00:35:45,599
hundred men to make their way ups beyond
 

00:35:45,599 --> 00:35:46,950
hundred men to make their way ups beyond
cop

00:35:46,950 --> 00:35:46,960
cop
 

00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:48,630
cop
pitch dark knight

00:35:48,630 --> 00:35:48,640
pitch dark knight
 

00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:50,630
pitch dark knight
but how many boys are here

00:35:50,630 --> 00:35:50,640
but how many boys are here
 

00:35:50,640 --> 00:35:53,030
but how many boys are here
have they got artillery with them

00:35:53,030 --> 00:35:53,040
have they got artillery with them
 

00:35:53,040 --> 00:35:54,550
have they got artillery with them
no one knows

00:35:54,550 --> 00:35:54,560
no one knows
 

00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:56,550
no one knows
orders were that they were to be

00:35:56,550 --> 00:35:56,560
orders were that they were to be
 

00:35:56,560 --> 00:35:59,589
orders were that they were to be
absolutely silent no talking

00:35:59,589 --> 00:35:59,599
absolutely silent no talking
 

00:35:59,599 --> 00:36:02,230
absolutely silent no talking
no smoking no lights

00:36:02,230 --> 00:36:02,240
no smoking no lights
 

00:36:02,240 --> 00:36:03,510
no smoking no lights
no firing

00:36:03,510 --> 00:36:03,520
no firing
 

00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:06,790
no firing
and slowly slowly slowly they made their

00:36:06,790 --> 00:36:06,800
and slowly slowly slowly they made their
 

00:36:06,800 --> 00:36:07,589
and slowly slowly slowly they made their
way

00:36:07,589 --> 00:36:07,599
way
 

00:36:07,599 --> 00:36:12,230
way
up that spur

00:36:12,230 --> 00:36:12,240
 
 

00:36:12,240 --> 00:36:14,310
 
private matthew kelly recalled the links

00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:14,320
private matthew kelly recalled the links
 

00:36:14,320 --> 00:36:18,069
private matthew kelly recalled the links
they went to to ensure silence

00:36:18,069 --> 00:36:18,079
they went to to ensure silence
 

00:36:18,079 --> 00:36:19,750
they went to to ensure silence
all the dogs which are following us are

00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:19,760
all the dogs which are following us are
 

00:36:19,760 --> 00:36:21,030
all the dogs which are following us are
destroyed

00:36:21,030 --> 00:36:21,040
destroyed
 

00:36:21,040 --> 00:36:22,790
destroyed
after marching for two or three hours we

00:36:22,790 --> 00:36:22,800
after marching for two or three hours we
 

00:36:22,800 --> 00:36:24,870
after marching for two or three hours we
are told quietly that we have passed the

00:36:24,870 --> 00:36:24,880
are told quietly that we have passed the
 

00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:31,080
are told quietly that we have passed the
enemy centuries and are in their lines

00:36:31,080 --> 00:36:31,090
 
 

00:36:31,090 --> 00:36:35,270
 
[Music]

00:36:35,270 --> 00:36:35,280
[Music]
 

00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:37,750
[Music]
speon cop itself was in fact only

00:36:37,750 --> 00:36:37,760
speon cop itself was in fact only
 

00:36:37,760 --> 00:36:40,500
speon cop itself was in fact only
lightly guarded by the boers

00:36:40,500 --> 00:36:40,510
lightly guarded by the boers
 

00:36:40,510 --> 00:36:44,710
lightly guarded by the boers
[Music]

00:36:44,710 --> 00:36:44,720
[Music]
 

00:36:44,720 --> 00:36:46,950
[Music]
but they had reinforcements including

00:36:46,950 --> 00:36:46,960
but they had reinforcements including
 

00:36:46,960 --> 00:36:50,150
but they had reinforcements including
artillery close at hand

00:36:50,150 --> 00:36:50,160
artillery close at hand
 

00:36:50,160 --> 00:36:51,829
artillery close at hand
and the british having failed to

00:36:51,829 --> 00:36:51,839
and the british having failed to
 

00:36:51,839 --> 00:36:53,750
and the british having failed to
recognize us beyond

00:36:53,750 --> 00:36:53,760
recognize us beyond
 

00:36:53,760 --> 00:36:55,510
recognize us beyond
didn't know that just beyond it lay a

00:36:55,510 --> 00:36:55,520
didn't know that just beyond it lay a
 

00:36:55,520 --> 00:36:57,670
didn't know that just beyond it lay a
semi-circle of hills

00:36:57,670 --> 00:36:57,680
semi-circle of hills
 

00:36:57,680 --> 00:36:59,270
semi-circle of hills
perfect positions for the boers to

00:36:59,270 --> 00:36:59,280
perfect positions for the boers to
 

00:36:59,280 --> 00:37:07,589
perfect positions for the boers to
bombard speed on cop itself

00:37:07,589 --> 00:37:07,599
 
 

00:37:07,599 --> 00:37:09,750
 
a little after three in the morning the

00:37:09,750 --> 00:37:09,760
a little after three in the morning the
 

00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:11,829
a little after three in the morning the
british reached the grassy plateau which

00:37:11,829 --> 00:37:11,839
british reached the grassy plateau which
 

00:37:11,839 --> 00:37:17,910
british reached the grassy plateau which
rises gradually to form the summit

00:37:17,910 --> 00:37:17,920
 
 

00:37:17,920 --> 00:37:19,750
 
probably when there was somewhere in

00:37:19,750 --> 00:37:19,760
probably when there was somewhere in
 

00:37:19,760 --> 00:37:22,630
probably when there was somewhere in
this area suddenly out of the darkness

00:37:22,630 --> 00:37:22,640
this area suddenly out of the darkness
 

00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:26,150
this area suddenly out of the darkness
came a tremendous challenge of be star

00:37:26,150 --> 00:37:26,160
came a tremendous challenge of be star
 

00:37:26,160 --> 00:37:27,829
came a tremendous challenge of be star
getting no response

00:37:27,829 --> 00:37:27,839
getting no response
 

00:37:27,839 --> 00:37:30,069
getting no response
the boys opened fire

00:37:30,069 --> 00:37:30,079
the boys opened fire
 

00:37:30,079 --> 00:37:32,310
the boys opened fire
the british charge forward

00:37:32,310 --> 00:37:32,320
the british charge forward
 

00:37:32,320 --> 00:37:34,550
the british charge forward
and they catch one of those boys bane at

00:37:34,550 --> 00:37:34,560
and they catch one of those boys bane at
 

00:37:34,560 --> 00:37:36,390
and they catch one of those boys bane at
him and killer

00:37:36,390 --> 00:37:36,400
him and killer
 

00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:38,790
him and killer
the rest of the boys ran away and with

00:37:38,790 --> 00:37:38,800
the rest of the boys ran away and with
 

00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:41,349
the rest of the boys ran away and with
that the british then gave three hurrahs

00:37:41,349 --> 00:37:41,359
that the british then gave three hurrahs
 

00:37:41,359 --> 00:37:43,270
that the british then gave three hurrahs
to indicate to everybody

00:37:43,270 --> 00:37:43,280
to indicate to everybody
 

00:37:43,280 --> 00:37:45,430
to indicate to everybody
that spienkop had fallen into british

00:37:45,430 --> 00:37:45,440
that spienkop had fallen into british
 

00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:49,750
that spienkop had fallen into british
hands

00:37:49,750 --> 00:37:49,760
 
 

00:37:49,760 --> 00:37:52,550
 
the british now dug themselves in

00:37:52,550 --> 00:37:52,560
the british now dug themselves in
 

00:37:52,560 --> 00:37:54,630
the british now dug themselves in
this row of stones marks the line of the

00:37:54,630 --> 00:37:54,640
this row of stones marks the line of the
 

00:37:54,640 --> 00:37:56,069
this row of stones marks the line of the
trench

00:37:56,069 --> 00:37:56,079
trench
 

00:37:56,079 --> 00:37:58,550
trench
but the ground was rocky and many picks

00:37:58,550 --> 00:37:58,560
but the ground was rocky and many picks
 

00:37:58,560 --> 00:38:00,150
but the ground was rocky and many picks
and shovels had been abandoned on the

00:38:00,150 --> 00:38:00,160
and shovels had been abandoned on the
 

00:38:00,160 --> 00:38:01,829
and shovels had been abandoned on the
long walk up

00:38:01,829 --> 00:38:01,839
long walk up
 

00:38:01,839 --> 00:38:10,069
long walk up
the trench was barely 18 inches deep

00:38:10,069 --> 00:38:10,079
 
 

00:38:10,079 --> 00:38:11,670
 
enveloped in fog

00:38:11,670 --> 00:38:11,680
enveloped in fog
 

00:38:11,680 --> 00:38:13,829
enveloped in fog
the exhausted soldiers now snatched some

00:38:13,829 --> 00:38:13,839
the exhausted soldiers now snatched some
 

00:38:13,839 --> 00:38:15,430
the exhausted soldiers now snatched some
rest

00:38:15,430 --> 00:38:15,440
rest
 

00:38:15,440 --> 00:38:17,510
rest
it wasn't until dawn that they realized

00:38:17,510 --> 00:38:17,520
it wasn't until dawn that they realized
 

00:38:17,520 --> 00:38:19,510
it wasn't until dawn that they realized
just how dangerously close the boer

00:38:19,510 --> 00:38:19,520
just how dangerously close the boer
 

00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:21,800
just how dangerously close the boer
front line was

00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:21,810
front line was
 

00:38:21,810 --> 00:38:25,109
front line was
[Music]

00:38:25,109 --> 00:38:25,119
[Music]
 

00:38:25,119 --> 00:38:27,190
[Music]
about 7am the sun breaks through the

00:38:27,190 --> 00:38:27,200
about 7am the sun breaks through the
 

00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:29,349
about 7am the sun breaks through the
clouds and we see a long grassy ridge

00:38:29,349 --> 00:38:29,359
clouds and we see a long grassy ridge
 

00:38:29,359 --> 00:38:31,670
clouds and we see a long grassy ridge
about a thousand yards in front but

00:38:31,670 --> 00:38:31,680
about a thousand yards in front but
 

00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:36,930
about a thousand yards in front but
commanding our ridge

00:38:36,930 --> 00:38:36,940
 
 

00:38:36,940 --> 00:38:38,440
 
[Music]

00:38:38,440 --> 00:38:38,450
[Music]
 

00:38:38,450 --> 00:38:39,910
[Music]
[Applause]

00:38:39,910 --> 00:38:39,920
[Applause]
 

00:38:39,920 --> 00:38:41,990
[Applause]
about eight am the boars open a terrific

00:38:41,990 --> 00:38:42,000
about eight am the boars open a terrific
 

00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:44,550
about eight am the boars open a terrific
fire from every place except our extreme

00:38:44,550 --> 00:38:44,560
fire from every place except our extreme
 

00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:45,670
fire from every place except our extreme
rear

00:38:45,670 --> 00:38:45,680
rear
 

00:38:45,680 --> 00:38:51,109
rear
we take the best cover we can get

00:38:51,109 --> 00:38:51,119
 
 

00:38:51,119 --> 00:38:53,030
 
captain birch gets shot in the head just

00:38:53,030 --> 00:38:53,040
captain birch gets shot in the head just
 

00:38:53,040 --> 00:38:56,150
captain birch gets shot in the head just
above the eye the fire is terrible

00:38:56,150 --> 00:38:56,160
above the eye the fire is terrible
 

00:38:56,160 --> 00:38:57,750
above the eye the fire is terrible
ever so much heavier than what he had

00:38:57,750 --> 00:38:57,760
ever so much heavier than what he had
 

00:38:57,760 --> 00:39:04,790
ever so much heavier than what he had
seen before or since

00:39:04,790 --> 00:39:04,800
 
 

00:39:04,800 --> 00:39:06,950
 
boar reinforcements now hurried up this

00:39:06,950 --> 00:39:06,960
boar reinforcements now hurried up this
 

00:39:06,960 --> 00:39:11,349
boar reinforcements now hurried up this
slope behind the bore lines

00:39:11,349 --> 00:39:11,359
 
 

00:39:11,359 --> 00:39:12,550
 
one of the newcomers was

00:39:12,550 --> 00:39:12,560
one of the newcomers was
 

00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:15,910
one of the newcomers was
seventeen-year-old denise rates

00:39:15,910 --> 00:39:15,920
seventeen-year-old denise rates
 

00:39:15,920 --> 00:39:18,230
seventeen-year-old denise rates
denise wrote an account of his war which

00:39:18,230 --> 00:39:18,240
denise wrote an account of his war which
 

00:39:18,240 --> 00:39:20,069
denise wrote an account of his war which
has been translated by his grandson

00:39:20,069 --> 00:39:20,079
has been translated by his grandson
 

00:39:20,079 --> 00:39:21,990
has been translated by his grandson
michael

00:39:21,990 --> 00:39:22,000
michael
 

00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:24,310
michael
the mountain rose above us as steep as a

00:39:24,310 --> 00:39:24,320
the mountain rose above us as steep as a
 

00:39:24,320 --> 00:39:25,109
the mountain rose above us as steep as a
wall

00:39:25,109 --> 00:39:25,119
wall
 

00:39:25,119 --> 00:39:27,109
wall
and it was no easy climb

00:39:27,109 --> 00:39:27,119
and it was no easy climb
 

00:39:27,119 --> 00:39:29,829
and it was no easy climb
passing a trail of corpses on the way

00:39:29,829 --> 00:39:29,839
passing a trail of corpses on the way
 

00:39:29,839 --> 00:39:31,910
passing a trail of corpses on the way
halfway to the top i found robbie

00:39:31,910 --> 00:39:31,920
halfway to the top i found robbie
 

00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:35,270
halfway to the top i found robbie
reneker lying dead

00:39:35,270 --> 00:39:35,280
reneker lying dead
 

00:39:35,280 --> 00:39:37,510
reneker lying dead
when i reached the top of spionkop i

00:39:37,510 --> 00:39:37,520
when i reached the top of spionkop i
 

00:39:37,520 --> 00:39:39,270
when i reached the top of spionkop i
discovered that the burgers had advanced

00:39:39,270 --> 00:39:39,280
discovered that the burgers had advanced
 

00:39:39,280 --> 00:39:41,910
discovered that the burgers had advanced
no further than the first line of rocks

00:39:41,910 --> 00:39:41,920
no further than the first line of rocks
 

00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:44,390
no further than the first line of rocks
right on the rim of the plateau

00:39:44,390 --> 00:39:44,400
right on the rim of the plateau
 

00:39:44,400 --> 00:39:46,470
right on the rim of the plateau
and that the rest of the flat summit was

00:39:46,470 --> 00:39:46,480
and that the rest of the flat summit was
 

00:39:46,480 --> 00:39:49,109
and that the rest of the flat summit was
still in the hands of the enemy

00:39:49,109 --> 00:39:49,119
still in the hands of the enemy
 

00:39:49,119 --> 00:39:51,349
still in the hands of the enemy
the nearest english were behind a long

00:39:51,349 --> 00:39:51,359
the nearest english were behind a long
 

00:39:51,359 --> 00:39:53,190
the nearest english were behind a long
low stone wall

00:39:53,190 --> 00:39:53,200
low stone wall
 

00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:55,589
low stone wall
no more than 30 yards away

00:39:55,589 --> 00:39:55,599
no more than 30 yards away
 

00:39:55,599 --> 00:39:57,349
no more than 30 yards away
from where they kept up a vicious fire

00:39:57,349 --> 00:39:57,359
from where they kept up a vicious fire
 

00:39:57,359 --> 00:40:03,750
from where they kept up a vicious fire
on us with their lee metfords

00:40:03,750 --> 00:40:03,760
 
 

00:40:03,760 --> 00:40:06,069
 
the boers now used a signaler on spion

00:40:06,069 --> 00:40:06,079
the boers now used a signaler on spion
 

00:40:06,079 --> 00:40:08,230
the boers now used a signaler on spion
cop to direct their artillery fire

00:40:08,230 --> 00:40:08,240
cop to direct their artillery fire
 

00:40:08,240 --> 00:40:15,430
cop to direct their artillery fire
precisely onto the british trench

00:40:15,430 --> 00:40:15,440
 
 

00:40:15,440 --> 00:40:17,589
 
the accuracy of the boer gunners was

00:40:17,589 --> 00:40:17,599
the accuracy of the boer gunners was
 

00:40:17,599 --> 00:40:21,910
the accuracy of the boer gunners was
devastating

00:40:21,910 --> 00:40:21,920
 
 

00:40:21,920 --> 00:40:23,750
 
around nine in the morning general

00:40:23,750 --> 00:40:23,760
around nine in the morning general
 

00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:25,829
around nine in the morning general
woodgate the british officer commanding

00:40:25,829 --> 00:40:25,839
woodgate the british officer commanding
 

00:40:25,839 --> 00:40:30,150
woodgate the british officer commanding
spion cop was mortally wounded

00:40:30,150 --> 00:40:30,160
spion cop was mortally wounded
 

00:40:30,160 --> 00:40:31,990
spion cop was mortally wounded
a doom laden message was sent by

00:40:31,990 --> 00:40:32,000
a doom laden message was sent by
 

00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:35,430
a doom laden message was sent by
heliograph

00:40:35,430 --> 00:40:35,440
 
 

00:40:35,440 --> 00:40:38,710
 
reinforce at once or all lost general

00:40:38,710 --> 00:40:38,720
reinforce at once or all lost general
 

00:40:38,720 --> 00:40:41,910
reinforce at once or all lost general
dead

00:40:41,910 --> 00:40:41,920
 
 

00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:44,309
 
general buller sensed the rising panic

00:40:44,309 --> 00:40:44,319
general buller sensed the rising panic
 

00:40:44,319 --> 00:40:47,990
general buller sensed the rising panic
and sent an order to warren

00:40:47,990 --> 00:40:48,000
 
 

00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:50,069
 
unless you put some really good hard

00:40:50,069 --> 00:40:50,079
unless you put some really good hard
 

00:40:50,079 --> 00:40:51,910
unless you put some really good hard
fighting man in command on the top you

00:40:51,910 --> 00:40:51,920
fighting man in command on the top you
 

00:40:51,920 --> 00:40:56,790
fighting man in command on the top you
will lose the hill i suggest thornycroft

00:40:56,790 --> 00:40:56,800
 
 

00:40:56,800 --> 00:40:58,470
 
but it took hours for the message to

00:40:58,470 --> 00:40:58,480
but it took hours for the message to
 

00:40:58,480 --> 00:41:00,790
but it took hours for the message to
reach thornycroft pinned down in this

00:41:00,790 --> 00:41:00,800
reach thornycroft pinned down in this
 

00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:02,150
reach thornycroft pinned down in this
trench

00:41:02,150 --> 00:41:02,160
trench
 

00:41:02,160 --> 00:41:04,390
trench
no one knew who was in command

00:41:04,390 --> 00:41:04,400
no one knew who was in command
 

00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:08,309
no one knew who was in command
and the situation was deteriorating

00:41:08,309 --> 00:41:08,319
and the situation was deteriorating
 

00:41:08,319 --> 00:41:11,750
and the situation was deteriorating
by about one o'clock the suffering the

00:41:11,750 --> 00:41:11,760
by about one o'clock the suffering the
 

00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:14,309
by about one o'clock the suffering the
losses was awful

00:41:14,309 --> 00:41:14,319
losses was awful
 

00:41:14,319 --> 00:41:17,190
losses was awful
it was hot hot hot people were thirsty

00:41:17,190 --> 00:41:17,200
it was hot hot hot people were thirsty
 

00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:19,030
it was hot hot hot people were thirsty
people were tired

00:41:19,030 --> 00:41:19,040
people were tired
 

00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:20,950
people were tired
and there were still many many hours of

00:41:20,950 --> 00:41:20,960
and there were still many many hours of
 

00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:24,470
and there were still many many hours of
daylight ahead behind here lay many dead

00:41:24,470 --> 00:41:24,480
daylight ahead behind here lay many dead
 

00:41:24,480 --> 00:41:26,550
daylight ahead behind here lay many dead
many wounded and

00:41:26,550 --> 00:41:26,560
many wounded and
 

00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:30,710
many wounded and
there was no end in sight

00:41:30,710 --> 00:41:30,720
 
 

00:41:30,720 --> 00:41:32,950
 
this was a fatal spear on cop

00:41:32,950 --> 00:41:32,960
this was a fatal spear on cop
 

00:41:32,960 --> 00:41:35,190
this was a fatal spear on cop
and the sun pouring down

00:41:35,190 --> 00:41:35,200
and the sun pouring down
 

00:41:35,200 --> 00:41:37,349
and the sun pouring down
the shells dropping everywhere

00:41:37,349 --> 00:41:37,359
the shells dropping everywhere
 

00:41:37,359 --> 00:41:38,870
the shells dropping everywhere
you can see the poor chaps shot down

00:41:38,870 --> 00:41:38,880
you can see the poor chaps shot down
 

00:41:38,880 --> 00:41:43,270
you can see the poor chaps shot down
like skittle pins

00:41:43,270 --> 00:41:43,280
 
 

00:41:43,280 --> 00:41:45,829
 
the most awful scene of carnage

00:41:45,829 --> 00:41:45,839
the most awful scene of carnage
 

00:41:45,839 --> 00:41:47,430
the most awful scene of carnage
men blown to atoms

00:41:47,430 --> 00:41:47,440
men blown to atoms
 

00:41:47,440 --> 00:41:49,190
men blown to atoms
joints torn asunder

00:41:49,190 --> 00:41:49,200
joints torn asunder
 

00:41:49,200 --> 00:41:52,470
joints torn asunder
headless bodies trunks of bodies

00:41:52,470 --> 00:41:52,480
headless bodies trunks of bodies
 

00:41:52,480 --> 00:41:53,750
headless bodies trunks of bodies
awful

00:41:53,750 --> 00:41:53,760
awful
 

00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:57,190
awful
awful

00:41:57,190 --> 00:41:57,200
 
 

00:41:57,200 --> 00:41:59,510
 
copy of letter from colonel forneycraft

00:41:59,510 --> 00:41:59,520
copy of letter from colonel forneycraft
 

00:41:59,520 --> 00:42:00,870
copy of letter from colonel forneycraft
spear and cop

00:42:00,870 --> 00:42:00,880
spear and cop
 

00:42:00,880 --> 00:42:02,630
spear and cop
to sir charles warren

00:42:02,630 --> 00:42:02,640
to sir charles warren
 

00:42:02,640 --> 00:42:04,309
to sir charles warren
2 30 p.m

00:42:04,309 --> 00:42:04,319
2 30 p.m
 

00:42:04,319 --> 00:42:07,349
2 30 p.m
24th of january 1900

00:42:07,349 --> 00:42:07,359
24th of january 1900
 

00:42:07,359 --> 00:42:09,910
24th of january 1900
we are badly in need of water

00:42:09,910 --> 00:42:09,920
we are badly in need of water
 

00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:12,630
we are badly in need of water
there are many killed and wounded

00:42:12,630 --> 00:42:12,640
there are many killed and wounded
 

00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:14,630
there are many killed and wounded
if you really wish to make a certainty

00:42:14,630 --> 00:42:14,640
if you really wish to make a certainty
 

00:42:14,640 --> 00:42:16,710
if you really wish to make a certainty
of the hill for the night you must send

00:42:16,710 --> 00:42:16,720
of the hill for the night you must send
 

00:42:16,720 --> 00:42:21,109
of the hill for the night you must send
more infantry and attack enemies guns

00:42:21,109 --> 00:42:21,119
 
 

00:42:21,119 --> 00:42:23,430
 
but general warren two miles away in his

00:42:23,430 --> 00:42:23,440
but general warren two miles away in his
 

00:42:23,440 --> 00:42:25,990
but general warren two miles away in his
camp had no idea where exactly on

00:42:25,990 --> 00:42:26,000
camp had no idea where exactly on
 

00:42:26,000 --> 00:42:28,829
camp had no idea where exactly on
speonkop his troops

00:42:28,829 --> 00:42:28,839
speonkop his troops
 

00:42:28,839 --> 00:42:31,270
speonkop his troops
were fearing the british might get hit

00:42:31,270 --> 00:42:31,280
were fearing the british might get hit
 

00:42:31,280 --> 00:42:33,670
were fearing the british might get hit
by their own artillery he did not shell

00:42:33,670 --> 00:42:33,680
by their own artillery he did not shell
 

00:42:33,680 --> 00:42:36,550
by their own artillery he did not shell
the enemy's guns

00:42:36,550 --> 00:42:36,560
the enemy's guns
 

00:42:36,560 --> 00:42:37,910
the enemy's guns
for their part

00:42:37,910 --> 00:42:37,920
for their part
 

00:42:37,920 --> 00:42:39,990
for their part
the boers on spion cop were under such

00:42:39,990 --> 00:42:40,000
the boers on spion cop were under such
 

00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:42,470
the boers on spion cop were under such
intense fire from thornicroft's men that

00:42:42,470 --> 00:42:42,480
intense fire from thornicroft's men that
 

00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:44,630
intense fire from thornicroft's men that
ironically they too felt they were

00:42:44,630 --> 00:42:44,640
ironically they too felt they were
 

00:42:44,640 --> 00:42:47,270
ironically they too felt they were
losing the battle

00:42:47,270 --> 00:42:47,280
losing the battle
 

00:42:47,280 --> 00:42:49,349
losing the battle
the original burgers who had attacked

00:42:49,349 --> 00:42:49,359
the original burgers who had attacked
 

00:42:49,359 --> 00:42:51,670
the original burgers who had attacked
early that morning were holding onto the

00:42:51,670 --> 00:42:51,680
early that morning were holding onto the
 

00:42:51,680 --> 00:42:54,230
early that morning were holding onto the
barren rock perimeter all the while in

00:42:54,230 --> 00:42:54,240
barren rock perimeter all the while in
 

00:42:54,240 --> 00:42:55,670
barren rock perimeter all the while in
the burning sun

00:42:55,670 --> 00:42:55,680
the burning sun
 

00:42:55,680 --> 00:42:58,150
the burning sun
under severe fire and unable to advance

00:42:58,150 --> 00:42:58,160
under severe fire and unable to advance
 

00:42:58,160 --> 00:42:59,670
under severe fire and unable to advance
further

00:42:59,670 --> 00:42:59,680
further
 

00:42:59,680 --> 00:43:01,430
further
as a result their carriage started to

00:43:01,430 --> 00:43:01,440
as a result their carriage started to
 

00:43:01,440 --> 00:43:04,309
as a result their carriage started to
weaken and imperceptibly many began to

00:43:04,309 --> 00:43:04,319
weaken and imperceptibly many began to
 

00:43:04,319 --> 00:43:07,109
weaken and imperceptibly many began to
slip down the hill

00:43:07,109 --> 00:43:07,119
slip down the hill
 

00:43:07,119 --> 00:43:09,430
slip down the hill
meanwhile relentless bur artillery

00:43:09,430 --> 00:43:09,440
meanwhile relentless bur artillery
 

00:43:09,440 --> 00:43:11,190
meanwhile relentless bur artillery
destroyed the british signaling position

00:43:11,190 --> 00:43:11,200
destroyed the british signaling position
 

00:43:11,200 --> 00:43:14,870
destroyed the british signaling position
here smashing the heliograph

00:43:14,870 --> 00:43:14,880
here smashing the heliograph
 

00:43:14,880 --> 00:43:16,630
here smashing the heliograph
no one had remembered to bring oil for

00:43:16,630 --> 00:43:16,640
no one had remembered to bring oil for
 

00:43:16,640 --> 00:43:19,670
no one had remembered to bring oil for
the signal lamp

00:43:19,670 --> 00:43:19,680
 
 

00:43:19,680 --> 00:43:22,150
 
thornycroft felt increasingly abandoned

00:43:22,150 --> 00:43:22,160
thornycroft felt increasingly abandoned
 

00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:25,670
thornycroft felt increasingly abandoned
while the generals dithered below

00:43:25,670 --> 00:43:25,680
while the generals dithered below
 

00:43:25,680 --> 00:43:28,309
while the generals dithered below
by sunset the british were on their last

00:43:28,309 --> 00:43:28,319
by sunset the british were on their last
 

00:43:28,319 --> 00:43:30,630
by sunset the british were on their last
legs

00:43:30,630 --> 00:43:30,640
legs
 

00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:32,550
legs
regret to report that i have been

00:43:32,550 --> 00:43:32,560
regret to report that i have been
 

00:43:32,560 --> 00:43:35,510
regret to report that i have been
obliged to abandon spear and cop

00:43:35,510 --> 00:43:35,520
obliged to abandon spear and cop
 

00:43:35,520 --> 00:43:38,470
obliged to abandon spear and cop
as the position has become untenable

00:43:38,470 --> 00:43:38,480
as the position has become untenable
 

00:43:38,480 --> 00:43:40,630
as the position has become untenable
i have withdrawn the troops in regular

00:43:40,630 --> 00:43:40,640
i have withdrawn the troops in regular
 

00:43:40,640 --> 00:43:41,589
i have withdrawn the troops in regular
order

00:43:41,589 --> 00:43:41,599
order
 

00:43:41,599 --> 00:43:43,670
order
and will come to report as soon as

00:43:43,670 --> 00:43:43,680
and will come to report as soon as
 

00:43:43,680 --> 00:43:45,030
and will come to report as soon as
possible

00:43:45,030 --> 00:43:45,040
possible
 

00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:48,870
possible
alex thornecroft lieutenant colonel

00:43:48,870 --> 00:43:48,880
alex thornecroft lieutenant colonel
 

00:43:48,880 --> 00:43:49,990
alex thornecroft lieutenant colonel
so he had taken an awesome

00:43:49,990 --> 00:43:50,000
so he had taken an awesome
 

00:43:50,000 --> 00:43:51,670
so he had taken an awesome
responsibility

00:43:51,670 --> 00:43:51,680
responsibility
 

00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:54,790
responsibility
but i think he really had very little

00:43:54,790 --> 00:43:54,800
but i think he really had very little
 

00:43:54,800 --> 00:43:55,750
but i think he really had very little
option

00:43:55,750 --> 00:43:55,760
option
 

00:43:55,760 --> 00:43:57,349
option
he knew he was going to get criticized

00:43:57,349 --> 00:43:57,359
he knew he was going to get criticized
 

00:43:57,359 --> 00:43:59,349
he knew he was going to get criticized
because he wrote his brother that's why

00:43:59,349 --> 00:43:59,359
because he wrote his brother that's why
 

00:43:59,359 --> 00:44:01,910
because he wrote his brother that's why
and he said i i'm writing this letter in

00:44:01,910 --> 00:44:01,920
and he said i i'm writing this letter in
 

00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:03,750
and he said i i'm writing this letter in
case anything happens to me

00:44:03,750 --> 00:44:03,760
case anything happens to me
 

00:44:03,760 --> 00:44:05,589
case anything happens to me
so you'll know exactly what happens and

00:44:05,589 --> 00:44:05,599
so you'll know exactly what happens and
 

00:44:05,599 --> 00:44:08,230
so you'll know exactly what happens and
he goes through all the reasons why he

00:44:08,230 --> 00:44:08,240
he goes through all the reasons why he
 

00:44:08,240 --> 00:44:10,470
he goes through all the reasons why he
he decided to do it yeah so he knew he

00:44:10,470 --> 00:44:10,480
he decided to do it yeah so he knew he
 

00:44:10,480 --> 00:44:15,349
he decided to do it yeah so he knew he
was going to get flagged

00:44:15,349 --> 00:44:15,359
 
 

00:44:15,359 --> 00:44:16,950
 
as darkness fell

00:44:16,950 --> 00:44:16,960
as darkness fell
 

00:44:16,960 --> 00:44:18,950
as darkness fell
the british and buzz retreated down

00:44:18,950 --> 00:44:18,960
the british and buzz retreated down
 

00:44:18,960 --> 00:44:21,270
the british and buzz retreated down
their sides of the hill each believing

00:44:21,270 --> 00:44:21,280
their sides of the hill each believing
 

00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:23,990
their sides of the hill each believing
the battle lost

00:44:23,990 --> 00:44:24,000
the battle lost
 

00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:26,390
the battle lost
but one man was actually climbing spion

00:44:26,390 --> 00:44:26,400
but one man was actually climbing spion
 

00:44:26,400 --> 00:44:29,349
but one man was actually climbing spion
cop

00:44:29,349 --> 00:44:29,359
 
 

00:44:29,359 --> 00:44:31,349
 
winston churchill had daringly escaped

00:44:31,349 --> 00:44:31,359
winston churchill had daringly escaped
 

00:44:31,359 --> 00:44:34,550
winston churchill had daringly escaped
from prison and joined the army

00:44:34,550 --> 00:44:34,560
from prison and joined the army
 

00:44:34,560 --> 00:44:38,930
from prison and joined the army
he was sent off

00:44:38,930 --> 00:44:38,940
 
 

00:44:38,940 --> 00:44:46,370
 
[Music]

00:44:46,370 --> 00:44:46,380
 
 

00:44:46,380 --> 00:44:49,990
 
[Music]

00:44:49,990 --> 00:44:50,000
[Music]
 

00:44:50,000 --> 00:44:54,390
[Music]
[Applause]

00:44:54,390 --> 00:44:54,400
 
 

00:44:54,400 --> 00:44:56,390
 
britain had suffered a run of defeats in

00:44:56,390 --> 00:44:56,400
britain had suffered a run of defeats in
 

00:44:56,400 --> 00:45:00,069
britain had suffered a run of defeats in
the opening months of the boer war

00:45:00,069 --> 00:45:00,079
the opening months of the boer war
 

00:45:00,079 --> 00:45:03,109
the opening months of the boer war
as 1900 progressed the tides seemed to

00:45:03,109 --> 00:45:03,119
as 1900 progressed the tides seemed to
 

00:45:03,119 --> 00:45:05,430
as 1900 progressed the tides seemed to
turn in their favor

00:45:05,430 --> 00:45:05,440
turn in their favor
 

00:45:05,440 --> 00:45:09,190
turn in their favor
but the war was changing not ending

00:45:09,190 --> 00:45:09,200
but the war was changing not ending
 

00:45:09,200 --> 00:45:11,670
but the war was changing not ending
it was increasingly a war against

00:45:11,670 --> 00:45:11,680
it was increasingly a war against
 

00:45:11,680 --> 00:45:25,930
it was increasingly a war against
civilians

00:45:25,930 --> 00:45:25,940
 
 

00:45:25,940 --> 00:45:29,670
 
[Music]

00:45:29,670 --> 00:45:29,680
[Music]
 

00:45:29,680 --> 00:45:32,870
[Music]
britain had gone to war in october 1899

00:45:32,870 --> 00:45:32,880
britain had gone to war in october 1899
 

00:45:32,880 --> 00:45:34,950
britain had gone to war in october 1899
to beat the boars and secure south

00:45:34,950 --> 00:45:34,960
to beat the boars and secure south
 

00:45:34,960 --> 00:45:37,589
to beat the boars and secure south
africa for the empire

00:45:37,589 --> 00:45:37,599
africa for the empire
 

00:45:37,599 --> 00:45:39,430
africa for the empire
it was now the largest army to leave

00:45:39,430 --> 00:45:39,440
it was now the largest army to leave
 

00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:46,470
it was now the largest army to leave
britain's shores since edging court

00:45:46,470 --> 00:45:46,480
 
 

00:45:46,480 --> 00:45:49,349
 
the aim was to sweep up from the cape

00:45:49,349 --> 00:45:49,359
the aim was to sweep up from the cape
 

00:45:49,359 --> 00:45:51,349
the aim was to sweep up from the cape
overrun the orange free state capital of

00:45:51,349 --> 00:45:51,359
overrun the orange free state capital of
 

00:45:51,359 --> 00:45:52,790
overrun the orange free state capital of
bloomfontaine

00:45:52,790 --> 00:45:52,800
bloomfontaine
 

00:45:52,800 --> 00:45:56,550
bloomfontaine
and then into the transvaal to pretoria

00:45:56,550 --> 00:45:56,560
and then into the transvaal to pretoria
 

00:45:56,560 --> 00:45:58,550
and then into the transvaal to pretoria
but from the start the birds had

00:45:58,550 --> 00:45:58,560
but from the start the birds had
 

00:45:58,560 --> 00:46:01,109
but from the start the birds had
besieged british garrisons in kimberley

00:46:01,109 --> 00:46:01,119
besieged british garrisons in kimberley
 

00:46:01,119 --> 00:46:03,829
besieged british garrisons in kimberley
ladysmith and mafiking

00:46:03,829 --> 00:46:03,839
ladysmith and mafiking
 

00:46:03,839 --> 00:46:05,910
ladysmith and mafiking
now the british army was split up and

00:46:05,910 --> 00:46:05,920
now the british army was split up and
 

00:46:05,920 --> 00:46:07,109
now the british army was split up and
bogged down

00:46:07,109 --> 00:46:07,119
bogged down
 

00:46:07,119 --> 00:46:09,030
bogged down
trying to break through to the besieged

00:46:09,030 --> 00:46:09,040
trying to break through to the besieged
 

00:46:09,040 --> 00:46:11,910
trying to break through to the besieged
towns

00:46:11,910 --> 00:46:11,920
 
 

00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:14,150
 
south london schoolboy arthur whitlock

00:46:14,150 --> 00:46:14,160
south london schoolboy arthur whitlock
 

00:46:14,160 --> 00:46:17,190
south london schoolboy arthur whitlock
followed the war closely

00:46:17,190 --> 00:46:17,200
followed the war closely
 

00:46:17,200 --> 00:46:20,870
followed the war closely
these sieges of the three main towns

00:46:20,870 --> 00:46:20,880
these sieges of the three main towns
 

00:46:20,880 --> 00:46:22,870
these sieges of the three main towns
they impressed me very much by the way

00:46:22,870 --> 00:46:22,880
they impressed me very much by the way
 

00:46:22,880 --> 00:46:25,109
they impressed me very much by the way
in which they were so stubborn

00:46:25,109 --> 00:46:25,119
in which they were so stubborn
 

00:46:25,119 --> 00:46:27,589
in which they were so stubborn
getting short of food

00:46:27,589 --> 00:46:27,599
getting short of food
 

00:46:27,599 --> 00:46:29,030
getting short of food
other supplies

00:46:29,030 --> 00:46:29,040
other supplies
 

00:46:29,040 --> 00:46:29,910
other supplies
and

00:46:29,910 --> 00:46:29,920
and
 

00:46:29,920 --> 00:46:31,430
and
they stood it out

00:46:31,430 --> 00:46:31,440
they stood it out
 

00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:33,670
they stood it out
against all odds really

00:46:33,670 --> 00:46:33,680
against all odds really
 

00:46:33,680 --> 00:46:35,270
against all odds really
and i thought that was a marvelous

00:46:35,270 --> 00:46:35,280
and i thought that was a marvelous
 

00:46:35,280 --> 00:46:41,190
and i thought that was a marvelous
tribute to our british nature

00:46:41,190 --> 00:46:41,200
 
 

00:46:41,200 --> 00:46:42,710
 
beyond the outer british lines of

00:46:42,710 --> 00:46:42,720
beyond the outer british lines of
 

00:46:42,720 --> 00:46:44,790
beyond the outer british lines of
defense with the boers

00:46:44,790 --> 00:46:44,800
defense with the boers
 

00:46:44,800 --> 00:46:50,390
defense with the boers
dug in on hill and felt

00:46:50,390 --> 00:46:50,400
 
 

00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:52,630
 
their huge siege guns lobbed shells into

00:46:52,630 --> 00:46:52,640
their huge siege guns lobbed shells into
 

00:46:52,640 --> 00:46:56,790
their huge siege guns lobbed shells into
the towns

00:46:56,790 --> 00:46:56,800
 
 

00:46:56,800 --> 00:46:58,630
 
lookouts watched for telltale puffs of

00:46:58,630 --> 00:46:58,640
lookouts watched for telltale puffs of
 

00:46:58,640 --> 00:47:01,030
lookouts watched for telltale puffs of
smoke on the hills beyond and warned the

00:47:01,030 --> 00:47:01,040
smoke on the hills beyond and warned the
 

00:47:01,040 --> 00:47:09,060
smoke on the hills beyond and warned the
inhabitants to take cover

00:47:09,060 --> 00:47:09,070
 
 

00:47:09,070 --> 00:47:12,309
 
[Applause]

00:47:12,309 --> 00:47:12,319
 
 

00:47:12,319 --> 00:47:14,470
 
women and children fell victim to boer

00:47:14,470 --> 00:47:14,480
women and children fell victim to boer
 

00:47:14,480 --> 00:47:24,549
women and children fell victim to boer
shelling and rifle fire

00:47:24,549 --> 00:47:24,559
 
 

00:47:24,559 --> 00:47:26,549
 
the boers were told the exact positions

00:47:26,549 --> 00:47:26,559
the boers were told the exact positions
 

00:47:26,559 --> 00:47:28,630
the boers were told the exact positions
of the women's encampment convent and

00:47:28,630 --> 00:47:28,640
of the women's encampment convent and
 

00:47:28,640 --> 00:47:31,030
of the women's encampment convent and
hospital in mafiking so they could avoid

00:47:31,030 --> 00:47:31,040
hospital in mafiking so they could avoid
 

00:47:31,040 --> 00:47:32,150
hospital in mafiking so they could avoid
them

00:47:32,150 --> 00:47:32,160
them
 

00:47:32,160 --> 00:47:33,829
them
but they were hit too often for it to be

00:47:33,829 --> 00:47:33,839
but they were hit too often for it to be
 

00:47:33,839 --> 00:47:36,630
but they were hit too often for it to be
an accident

00:47:36,630 --> 00:47:36,640
 
 

00:47:36,640 --> 00:47:38,710
 
the boers became known as women's

00:47:38,710 --> 00:47:38,720
the boers became known as women's
 

00:47:38,720 --> 00:47:42,790
the boers became known as women's
slayers

00:47:42,790 --> 00:47:42,800
 
 

00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:44,549
 
colonel robert baden powell was in

00:47:44,549 --> 00:47:44,559
colonel robert baden powell was in
 

00:47:44,559 --> 00:47:46,790
colonel robert baden powell was in
charge at mafiking

00:47:46,790 --> 00:47:46,800
charge at mafiking
 

00:47:46,800 --> 00:47:48,390
charge at mafiking
he sent an official complaint to the

00:47:48,390 --> 00:47:48,400
he sent an official complaint to the
 

00:47:48,400 --> 00:47:50,309
he sent an official complaint to the
board general which prophetically

00:47:50,309 --> 00:47:50,319
board general which prophetically
 

00:47:50,319 --> 00:47:52,230
board general which prophetically
anticipated the course the war was to

00:47:52,230 --> 00:47:52,240
anticipated the course the war was to
 

00:47:52,240 --> 00:47:55,190
anticipated the course the war was to
take

00:47:55,190 --> 00:47:55,200
 
 

00:47:55,200 --> 00:47:57,190
 
you have altered the usual conditions of

00:47:57,190 --> 00:47:57,200
you have altered the usual conditions of
 

00:47:57,200 --> 00:47:58,390
you have altered the usual conditions of
war

00:47:58,390 --> 00:47:58,400
war
 

00:47:58,400 --> 00:48:00,470
war
you are making it one of people against

00:48:00,470 --> 00:48:00,480
you are making it one of people against
 

00:48:00,480 --> 00:48:02,230
you are making it one of people against
people in which women are considered as

00:48:02,230 --> 00:48:02,240
people in which women are considered as
 

00:48:02,240 --> 00:48:03,829
people in which women are considered as
belligerents

00:48:03,829 --> 00:48:03,839
belligerents
 

00:48:03,839 --> 00:48:05,750
belligerents
i warn you that the consequence of this

00:48:05,750 --> 00:48:05,760
i warn you that the consequence of this
 

00:48:05,760 --> 00:48:08,069
i warn you that the consequence of this
may shortly be very serious to your own

00:48:08,069 --> 00:48:08,079
may shortly be very serious to your own
 

00:48:08,079 --> 00:48:10,470
may shortly be very serious to your own
people

00:48:10,470 --> 00:48:10,480
people
 

00:48:10,480 --> 00:48:12,230
people
one of the dangers the british faced in

00:48:12,230 --> 00:48:12,240
one of the dangers the british faced in
 

00:48:12,240 --> 00:48:16,230
one of the dangers the british faced in
the besieged towns was low morale

00:48:16,230 --> 00:48:16,240
the besieged towns was low morale
 

00:48:16,240 --> 00:48:18,549
the besieged towns was low morale
during the siege people were cooped up

00:48:18,549 --> 00:48:18,559
during the siege people were cooped up
 

00:48:18,559 --> 00:48:19,829
during the siege people were cooped up
all the time

00:48:19,829 --> 00:48:19,839
all the time
 

00:48:19,839 --> 00:48:21,990
all the time
but it was a gentleman's war because

00:48:21,990 --> 00:48:22,000
but it was a gentleman's war because
 

00:48:22,000 --> 00:48:22,950
but it was a gentleman's war because
they had

00:48:22,950 --> 00:48:22,960
they had
 

00:48:22,960 --> 00:48:25,270
they had
a truce on sunday they didn't fight on

00:48:25,270 --> 00:48:25,280
a truce on sunday they didn't fight on
 

00:48:25,280 --> 00:48:26,390
a truce on sunday they didn't fight on
sunday

00:48:26,390 --> 00:48:26,400
sunday
 

00:48:26,400 --> 00:48:28,069
sunday
and

00:48:28,069 --> 00:48:28,079
and
 

00:48:28,079 --> 00:48:30,470
and
so on those sundays

00:48:30,470 --> 00:48:30,480
so on those sundays
 

00:48:30,480 --> 00:48:33,270
so on those sundays
they used to have cricket matches

00:48:33,270 --> 00:48:33,280
they used to have cricket matches
 

00:48:33,280 --> 00:48:36,069
they used to have cricket matches
and tent pegging but

00:48:36,069 --> 00:48:36,079
and tent pegging but
 

00:48:36,079 --> 00:48:37,910
and tent pegging but
in the masonic lodge

00:48:37,910 --> 00:48:37,920
in the masonic lodge
 

00:48:37,920 --> 00:48:40,069
in the masonic lodge
my mother said that they used to do all

00:48:40,069 --> 00:48:40,079
my mother said that they used to do all
 

00:48:40,079 --> 00:48:45,620
my mother said that they used to do all
the gilbert son of an operas

00:48:45,620 --> 00:48:45,630
 
 

00:48:45,630 --> 00:48:55,430
 
[Music]

00:48:55,430 --> 00:48:55,440
[Music]
 

00:48:55,440 --> 00:48:58,710
[Music]
is

00:48:58,710 --> 00:48:58,720
 
 

00:48:58,720 --> 00:49:15,510
 
[Music]

00:49:15,510 --> 00:49:15,520
[Music]
 

00:49:15,520 --> 00:49:17,829
[Music]
very good at that sort of thing

00:49:17,829 --> 00:49:17,839
very good at that sort of thing
 

00:49:17,839 --> 00:49:21,270
very good at that sort of thing
and those people had very good voices

00:49:21,270 --> 00:49:21,280
and those people had very good voices
 

00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:23,910
and those people had very good voices
singing all their old songs

00:49:23,910 --> 00:49:23,920
singing all their old songs
 

00:49:23,920 --> 00:49:26,069
singing all their old songs
but that has how they of course he was

00:49:26,069 --> 00:49:26,079
but that has how they of course he was
 

00:49:26,079 --> 00:49:27,990
but that has how they of course he was
very good at putting on a turn himself

00:49:27,990 --> 00:49:28,000
very good at putting on a turn himself
 

00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:30,950
very good at putting on a turn himself
this man of many bots

00:49:30,950 --> 00:49:30,960
this man of many bots
 

00:49:30,960 --> 00:49:33,510
this man of many bots
he was a master of bluff

00:49:33,510 --> 00:49:33,520
he was a master of bluff
 

00:49:33,520 --> 00:49:35,829
he was a master of bluff
he had to be because

00:49:35,829 --> 00:49:35,839
he had to be because
 

00:49:35,839 --> 00:49:36,630
he had to be because
his

00:49:36,630 --> 00:49:36,640
his
 

00:49:36,640 --> 00:49:38,630
his
defenders of maviking

00:49:38,630 --> 00:49:38,640
defenders of maviking
 

00:49:38,640 --> 00:49:41,750
defenders of maviking
were very few and they had very little

00:49:41,750 --> 00:49:41,760
were very few and they had very little
 

00:49:41,760 --> 00:49:43,670
were very few and they had very little
equipment

00:49:43,670 --> 00:49:43,680
equipment
 

00:49:43,680 --> 00:49:46,309
equipment
and one of the stories that is told is

00:49:46,309 --> 00:49:46,319
and one of the stories that is told is
 

00:49:46,319 --> 00:49:47,990
and one of the stories that is told is
the defense around their thoughts wasn't

00:49:47,990 --> 00:49:48,000
the defense around their thoughts wasn't
 

00:49:48,000 --> 00:49:50,069
the defense around their thoughts wasn't
very good so they had the bright idea of

00:49:50,069 --> 00:49:50,079
very good so they had the bright idea of
 

00:49:50,079 --> 00:49:51,109
very good so they had the bright idea of
putting up

00:49:51,109 --> 00:49:51,119
putting up
 

00:49:51,119 --> 00:49:53,430
putting up
bobwhile fences which didn't exist they

00:49:53,430 --> 00:49:53,440
bobwhile fences which didn't exist they
 

00:49:53,440 --> 00:49:56,309
bobwhile fences which didn't exist they
planted some poles and everybody who

00:49:56,309 --> 00:49:56,319
planted some poles and everybody who
 

00:49:56,319 --> 00:49:58,710
planted some poles and everybody who
approached had to step over the barbed

00:49:58,710 --> 00:49:58,720
approached had to step over the barbed
 

00:49:58,720 --> 00:50:01,349
approached had to step over the barbed
wire which they did solemnly stepping

00:50:01,349 --> 00:50:01,359
wire which they did solemnly stepping
 

00:50:01,359 --> 00:50:02,630
wire which they did solemnly stepping
over nothing

00:50:02,630 --> 00:50:02,640
over nothing
 

00:50:02,640 --> 00:50:04,549
over nothing
all my military knowledge going potty

00:50:04,549 --> 00:50:04,559
all my military knowledge going potty
 

00:50:04,559 --> 00:50:05,910
all my military knowledge going potty
and eventually has only been brought

00:50:05,910 --> 00:50:05,920
and eventually has only been brought
 

00:50:05,920 --> 00:50:07,589
and eventually has only been brought
down to the beginning of the century but

00:50:07,589 --> 00:50:07,599
down to the beginning of the century but
 

00:50:07,599 --> 00:50:09,349
down to the beginning of the century but
still it matters vegetable and ever the

00:50:09,349 --> 00:50:09,359
still it matters vegetable and ever the
 

00:50:09,359 --> 00:50:12,240
still it matters vegetable and ever the
middle i have the very model of

00:50:12,240 --> 00:50:12,250
middle i have the very model of
 

00:50:12,250 --> 00:50:22,950
middle i have the very model of
[Music]

00:50:22,950 --> 00:50:22,960
 
 

00:50:22,960 --> 00:50:24,630
 
i think there's that sort of inner

00:50:24,630 --> 00:50:24,640
i think there's that sort of inner
 

00:50:24,640 --> 00:50:27,109
i think there's that sort of inner
resilience amongst the british people

00:50:27,109 --> 00:50:27,119
resilience amongst the british people
 

00:50:27,119 --> 00:50:29,109
resilience amongst the british people
and when we're in time of trouble and

00:50:29,109 --> 00:50:29,119
and when we're in time of trouble and
 

00:50:29,119 --> 00:50:30,950
and when we're in time of trouble and
such like we can very often laugh

00:50:30,950 --> 00:50:30,960
such like we can very often laugh
 

00:50:30,960 --> 00:50:33,430
such like we can very often laugh
ourselves out of it where other nations

00:50:33,430 --> 00:50:33,440
ourselves out of it where other nations
 

00:50:33,440 --> 00:50:34,950
ourselves out of it where other nations
they can't understand that we're

00:50:34,950 --> 00:50:34,960
they can't understand that we're
 

00:50:34,960 --> 00:50:39,030
they can't understand that we're
laughing at ourselves and saying well

00:50:39,030 --> 00:50:39,040
 
 

00:50:39,040 --> 00:50:40,870
 
we're a dog's body but let's get on with

00:50:40,870 --> 00:50:40,880
we're a dog's body but let's get on with
 

00:50:40,880 --> 00:50:41,670
we're a dog's body but let's get on with
it

00:50:41,670 --> 00:50:41,680
it
 

00:50:41,680 --> 00:50:48,309
it
and eventually we fight our way through

00:50:48,309 --> 00:50:48,319
 
 

00:50:48,319 --> 00:50:50,470
 
baden-powell's strict censorship and

00:50:50,470 --> 00:50:50,480
baden-powell's strict censorship and
 

00:50:50,480 --> 00:50:53,030
baden-powell's strict censorship and
relentless self-publicity have conspired

00:50:53,030 --> 00:50:53,040
relentless self-publicity have conspired
 

00:50:53,040 --> 00:50:54,630
relentless self-publicity have conspired
to give an impression that the sieges

00:50:54,630 --> 00:50:54,640
to give an impression that the sieges
 

00:50:54,640 --> 00:50:57,190
to give an impression that the sieges
were an exclusively white experience

00:50:57,190 --> 00:50:57,200
were an exclusively white experience
 

00:50:57,200 --> 00:50:58,870
were an exclusively white experience
depending on bulldog grit and

00:50:58,870 --> 00:50:58,880
depending on bulldog grit and
 

00:50:58,880 --> 00:51:00,090
depending on bulldog grit and
resourcefulness

00:51:00,090 --> 00:51:00,100
resourcefulness
 

00:51:00,100 --> 00:51:05,589
resourcefulness
[Music]

00:51:05,589 --> 00:51:05,599
 
 

00:51:05,599 --> 00:51:07,910
 
in fact blacks outnumbered whites by

00:51:07,910 --> 00:51:07,920
in fact blacks outnumbered whites by
 

00:51:07,920 --> 00:51:10,710
in fact blacks outnumbered whites by
five to one here in mafiking

00:51:10,710 --> 00:51:10,720
five to one here in mafiking
 

00:51:10,720 --> 00:51:12,790
five to one here in mafiking
in kimberly ten thousand black diamond

00:51:12,790 --> 00:51:12,800
in kimberly ten thousand black diamond
 

00:51:12,800 --> 00:51:15,670
in kimberly ten thousand black diamond
workers were penned up in compounds

00:51:15,670 --> 00:51:15,680
workers were penned up in compounds
 

00:51:15,680 --> 00:51:17,270
workers were penned up in compounds
there were several thousand indians in

00:51:17,270 --> 00:51:17,280
there were several thousand indians in
 

00:51:17,280 --> 00:51:20,150
there were several thousand indians in
lady smith

00:51:20,150 --> 00:51:20,160
 
 

00:51:20,160 --> 00:51:21,990
 
all caught up in a war not of their

00:51:21,990 --> 00:51:22,000
all caught up in a war not of their
 

00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:25,910
all caught up in a war not of their
making and suffering for it

00:51:25,910 --> 00:51:25,920
 
 

00:51:25,920 --> 00:51:30,150
 
very few had bomb shelters

00:51:30,150 --> 00:51:30,160
 
 

00:51:30,160 --> 00:51:32,470
 
[Music]

00:51:32,470 --> 00:51:32,480
[Music]
 

00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:34,710
[Music]
my grandmother and my mother had no

00:51:34,710 --> 00:51:34,720
my grandmother and my mother had no
 

00:51:34,720 --> 00:51:36,390
my grandmother and my mother had no
protection

00:51:36,390 --> 00:51:36,400
protection
 

00:51:36,400 --> 00:51:38,309
protection
shelter for them meant leaving their

00:51:38,309 --> 00:51:38,319
shelter for them meant leaving their
 

00:51:38,319 --> 00:51:39,430
shelter for them meant leaving their
houses

00:51:39,430 --> 00:51:39,440
houses
 

00:51:39,440 --> 00:51:42,390
houses
and hiding behind the mound of earth or

00:51:42,390 --> 00:51:42,400
and hiding behind the mound of earth or
 

00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:43,750
and hiding behind the mound of earth or
under trees

00:51:43,750 --> 00:51:43,760
under trees
 

00:51:43,760 --> 00:51:46,549
under trees
the leaf fled on the ground my mother

00:51:46,549 --> 00:51:46,559
the leaf fled on the ground my mother
 

00:51:46,559 --> 00:51:49,349
the leaf fled on the ground my mother
with a baby on her back and the shells

00:51:49,349 --> 00:51:49,359
with a baby on her back and the shells
 

00:51:49,359 --> 00:51:51,670
with a baby on her back and the shells
flew over their heads and landed on

00:51:51,670 --> 00:51:51,680
flew over their heads and landed on
 

00:51:51,680 --> 00:51:57,349
flew over their heads and landed on
their house

00:51:57,349 --> 00:51:57,359
 
 

00:51:57,359 --> 00:51:59,589
 
one of the best chroniclers of the siege

00:51:59,589 --> 00:51:59,599
one of the best chroniclers of the siege
 

00:51:59,599 --> 00:52:01,430
one of the best chroniclers of the siege
lived here in the heart of mafiking's

00:52:01,430 --> 00:52:01,440
lived here in the heart of mafiking's
 

00:52:01,440 --> 00:52:02,829
lived here in the heart of mafiking's
black

00:52:02,829 --> 00:52:02,839
black
 

00:52:02,839 --> 00:52:04,870
black
community he was a member of the

00:52:04,870 --> 00:52:04,880
community he was a member of the
 

00:52:04,880 --> 00:52:07,109
community he was a member of the
barolong people

00:52:07,109 --> 00:52:07,119
barolong people
 

00:52:07,119 --> 00:52:09,829
barolong people
23 years old he spoke eight languages

00:52:09,829 --> 00:52:09,839
23 years old he spoke eight languages
 

00:52:09,839 --> 00:52:14,470
23 years old he spoke eight languages
and worked as the court interpreter

00:52:14,470 --> 00:52:14,480
 
 

00:52:14,480 --> 00:52:18,309
 
his name was sol plaque

00:52:18,309 --> 00:52:18,319
his name was sol plaque
 

00:52:18,319 --> 00:52:20,230
his name was sol plaque
later a founding father of the african

00:52:20,230 --> 00:52:20,240
later a founding father of the african
 

00:52:20,240 --> 00:52:22,870
later a founding father of the african
national congress he kept a diary from

00:52:22,870 --> 00:52:22,880
national congress he kept a diary from
 

00:52:22,880 --> 00:52:26,230
national congress he kept a diary from
which his grandson reads

00:52:26,230 --> 00:52:26,240
which his grandson reads
 

00:52:26,240 --> 00:52:30,829
which his grandson reads
it's now thursday the 7th of december

00:52:30,829 --> 00:52:30,839
it's now thursday the 7th of december
 

00:52:30,839 --> 00:52:34,230
it's now thursday the 7th of december
1899. the first cell of this morning

00:52:34,230 --> 00:52:34,240
1899. the first cell of this morning
 

00:52:34,240 --> 00:52:35,589
1899. the first cell of this morning
burst

00:52:35,589 --> 00:52:35,599
burst
 

00:52:35,599 --> 00:52:38,069
burst
near one of the railway cottages

00:52:38,069 --> 00:52:38,079
near one of the railway cottages
 

00:52:38,079 --> 00:52:40,150
near one of the railway cottages
and killed a young fellow

00:52:40,150 --> 00:52:40,160
and killed a young fellow
 

00:52:40,160 --> 00:52:42,630
and killed a young fellow
by blowing off his belly

00:52:42,630 --> 00:52:42,640
by blowing off his belly
 

00:52:42,640 --> 00:52:45,430
by blowing off his belly
and pitching his intestines onto the

00:52:45,430 --> 00:52:45,440
and pitching his intestines onto the
 

00:52:45,440 --> 00:52:47,270
and pitching his intestines onto the
opposite roof

00:52:47,270 --> 00:52:47,280
opposite roof
 

00:52:47,280 --> 00:52:50,390
opposite roof
i have never before realized so keenly

00:52:50,390 --> 00:52:50,400
i have never before realized so keenly
 

00:52:50,400 --> 00:52:52,870
i have never before realized so keenly
that i am walking on the brink of the

00:52:52,870 --> 00:52:52,880
that i am walking on the brink of the
 

00:52:52,880 --> 00:52:56,069
that i am walking on the brink of the
grave

00:52:56,069 --> 00:52:56,079
 
 

00:52:56,079 --> 00:52:57,990
 
boure schelling killed and maimed more

00:52:57,990 --> 00:52:58,000
boure schelling killed and maimed more
 

00:52:58,000 --> 00:52:59,430
boure schelling killed and maimed more
blacks than whites

00:52:59,430 --> 00:52:59,440
blacks than whites
 

00:52:59,440 --> 00:53:01,510
blacks than whites
because the whites had shelters

00:53:01,510 --> 00:53:01,520
because the whites had shelters
 

00:53:01,520 --> 00:53:04,549
because the whites had shelters
which the blacks had to build for them

00:53:04,549 --> 00:53:04,559
which the blacks had to build for them
 

00:53:04,559 --> 00:53:06,950
which the blacks had to build for them
racial discrimination was a fact of life

00:53:06,950 --> 00:53:06,960
racial discrimination was a fact of life
 

00:53:06,960 --> 00:53:15,589
racial discrimination was a fact of life
then

00:53:15,589 --> 00:53:15,599
 
 

00:53:15,599 --> 00:53:18,309
 
on the eve of the war a troop called

00:53:18,309 --> 00:53:18,319
on the eve of the war a troop called
 

00:53:18,319 --> 00:53:20,950
on the eve of the war a troop called
savage south africa had visited england

00:53:20,950 --> 00:53:20,960
savage south africa had visited england
 

00:53:20,960 --> 00:53:23,349
savage south africa had visited england
to perform scenes from past battles with

00:53:23,349 --> 00:53:23,359
to perform scenes from past battles with
 

00:53:23,359 --> 00:53:25,270
to perform scenes from past battles with
britain

00:53:25,270 --> 00:53:25,280
britain
 

00:53:25,280 --> 00:53:29,030
britain
oh they were just [ __ ]

00:53:29,030 --> 00:53:29,040
oh they were just [ __ ]
 

00:53:29,040 --> 00:53:32,390
oh they were just [ __ ]
we had nothing against them

00:53:32,390 --> 00:53:32,400
we had nothing against them
 

00:53:32,400 --> 00:53:35,670
we had nothing against them
but they were [ __ ] and we used to say

00:53:35,670 --> 00:53:35,680
but they were [ __ ] and we used to say
 

00:53:35,680 --> 00:53:38,710
but they were [ __ ] and we used to say
eeny meeny miny moe cuts a [ __ ] by the

00:53:38,710 --> 00:53:38,720
eeny meeny miny moe cuts a [ __ ] by the
 

00:53:38,720 --> 00:53:42,150
eeny meeny miny moe cuts a [ __ ] by the
toe if he squeals let him go eeny meeny

00:53:42,150 --> 00:53:42,160
toe if he squeals let him go eeny meeny
 

00:53:42,160 --> 00:53:45,349
toe if he squeals let him go eeny meeny
miny moe when we wanted to say who had

00:53:45,349 --> 00:53:45,359
miny moe when we wanted to say who had
 

00:53:45,359 --> 00:53:48,790
miny moe when we wanted to say who had
to be it if you know what being it

00:53:48,790 --> 00:53:48,800
to be it if you know what being it
 

00:53:48,800 --> 00:53:51,910
to be it if you know what being it
is

00:53:51,910 --> 00:53:51,920
 
 

00:53:51,920 --> 00:53:53,589
 
they re-enacted the defeat of the

00:53:53,589 --> 00:53:53,599
they re-enacted the defeat of the
 

00:53:53,599 --> 00:53:59,270
they re-enacted the defeat of the
matabeli

00:53:59,270 --> 00:53:59,280
 
 

00:53:59,280 --> 00:54:04,230
 
we didn't mean any harm we were quite

00:54:04,230 --> 00:54:04,240
we didn't mean any harm we were quite
 

00:54:04,240 --> 00:54:05,510
we didn't mean any harm we were quite
pleased

00:54:05,510 --> 00:54:05,520
pleased
 

00:54:05,520 --> 00:54:09,990
pleased
to think about the [ __ ]

00:54:09,990 --> 00:54:10,000
 
 

00:54:10,000 --> 00:54:11,430
 
were more than a pleasant thought for

00:54:11,430 --> 00:54:11,440
were more than a pleasant thought for
 

00:54:11,440 --> 00:54:13,510
were more than a pleasant thought for
baden powell

00:54:13,510 --> 00:54:13,520
baden powell
 

00:54:13,520 --> 00:54:14,870
baden powell
desperately short of soldiers in

00:54:14,870 --> 00:54:14,880
desperately short of soldiers in
 

00:54:14,880 --> 00:54:17,670
desperately short of soldiers in
mafiking he armed the blacks breaking

00:54:17,670 --> 00:54:17,680
mafiking he armed the blacks breaking
 

00:54:17,680 --> 00:54:22,230
mafiking he armed the blacks breaking
both aboard and british taboo

00:54:22,230 --> 00:54:22,240
 
 

00:54:22,240 --> 00:54:33,910
 
food

00:54:33,910 --> 00:54:33,920
 
 

00:54:33,920 --> 00:54:35,829
 
he felt it would be bad policy to

00:54:35,829 --> 00:54:35,839
he felt it would be bad policy to
 

00:54:35,839 --> 00:54:38,470
he felt it would be bad policy to
involve blacks in this war because the

00:54:38,470 --> 00:54:38,480
involve blacks in this war because the
 

00:54:38,480 --> 00:54:40,710
involve blacks in this war because the
effect on a post-war situation would be

00:54:40,710 --> 00:54:40,720
effect on a post-war situation would be
 

00:54:40,720 --> 00:54:42,390
effect on a post-war situation would be
tremendous

00:54:42,390 --> 00:54:42,400
tremendous
 

00:54:42,400 --> 00:54:44,630
tremendous
with claims for more territory

00:54:44,630 --> 00:54:44,640
with claims for more territory
 

00:54:44,640 --> 00:54:50,230
with claims for more territory
and for the general right to vote

00:54:50,230 --> 00:54:50,240
 
 

00:54:50,240 --> 00:54:52,470
 
and for the boers it was a case of

00:54:52,470 --> 00:54:52,480
and for the boers it was a case of
 

00:54:52,480 --> 00:54:54,870
and for the boers it was a case of
what if it's awesome this is our war it

00:54:54,870 --> 00:54:54,880
what if it's awesome this is our war it
 

00:54:54,880 --> 00:55:00,390
what if it's awesome this is our war it
has nothing to do with the black man

00:55:00,390 --> 00:55:00,400
 
 

00:55:00,400 --> 00:55:02,390
 
board general pietro

00:55:02,390 --> 00:55:02,400
board general pietro
 

00:55:02,400 --> 00:55:05,349
board general pietro
wrote to baden powell in protest

00:55:05,349 --> 00:55:05,359
wrote to baden powell in protest
 

00:55:05,359 --> 00:55:07,349
wrote to baden powell in protest
you have committed an enormous act of

00:55:07,349 --> 00:55:07,359
you have committed an enormous act of
 

00:55:07,359 --> 00:55:09,270
you have committed an enormous act of
wickedness

00:55:09,270 --> 00:55:09,280
wickedness
 

00:55:09,280 --> 00:55:11,270
wickedness
reconsider the matter

00:55:11,270 --> 00:55:11,280
reconsider the matter
 

00:55:11,280 --> 00:55:14,069
reconsider the matter
even if it cost you the loss of nothing

00:55:14,069 --> 00:55:14,079
even if it cost you the loss of nothing
 

00:55:14,079 --> 00:55:16,630
even if it cost you the loss of nothing
disarm your blacks and thereby act the

00:55:16,630 --> 00:55:16,640
disarm your blacks and thereby act the
 

00:55:16,640 --> 00:55:21,190
disarm your blacks and thereby act the
part of a white man in a white man's war

00:55:21,190 --> 00:55:21,200
part of a white man in a white man's war
 

00:55:21,200 --> 00:55:23,750
part of a white man in a white man's war
in fact general cronier himself armed

00:55:23,750 --> 00:55:23,760
in fact general cronier himself armed
 

00:55:23,760 --> 00:55:27,589
in fact general cronier himself armed
blacks during the siege of mafiking

00:55:27,589 --> 00:55:27,599
 
 

00:55:27,599 --> 00:55:30,150
 
blacks also acted as couriers with

00:55:30,150 --> 00:55:30,160
blacks also acted as couriers with
 

00:55:30,160 --> 00:55:32,789
blacks also acted as couriers with
messages hidden in their clothes

00:55:32,789 --> 00:55:32,799
messages hidden in their clothes
 

00:55:32,799 --> 00:55:36,630
messages hidden in their clothes
the penalty of court was death

00:55:36,630 --> 00:55:36,640
 
 

00:55:36,640 --> 00:55:38,710
 
the british even had a black woman

00:55:38,710 --> 00:55:38,720
the british even had a black woman
 

00:55:38,720 --> 00:55:44,309
the british even had a black woman
courier

00:55:44,309 --> 00:55:44,319
 
 

00:55:44,319 --> 00:55:50,789
 
my grandmother was a brave person

00:55:50,789 --> 00:55:50,799
 
 

00:55:50,799 --> 00:55:56,150
 
she was well known for her bravery

00:55:56,150 --> 00:55:56,160
 
 

00:55:56,160 --> 00:55:59,109
 
that's why the english chosen to carry

00:55:59,109 --> 00:55:59,119
that's why the english chosen to carry
 

00:55:59,119 --> 00:56:02,470
that's why the english chosen to carry
secret messages

00:56:02,470 --> 00:56:02,480
secret messages
 

00:56:02,480 --> 00:56:05,190
secret messages
she carried a letter soon inside her

00:56:05,190 --> 00:56:05,200
she carried a letter soon inside her
 

00:56:05,200 --> 00:56:06,150
she carried a letter soon inside her
dress

00:56:06,150 --> 00:56:06,160
dress
 

00:56:06,160 --> 00:56:11,890
dress
to an english outpost

00:56:11,890 --> 00:56:11,900
 
 

00:56:11,900 --> 00:56:16,390
 
[Music]

00:56:16,390 --> 00:56:16,400
[Music]
 

00:56:16,400 --> 00:56:18,630
[Music]
the blacks fought the boars and raided

00:56:18,630 --> 00:56:18,640
the blacks fought the boars and raided
 

00:56:18,640 --> 00:56:20,630
the blacks fought the boars and raided
their cattle

00:56:20,630 --> 00:56:20,640
their cattle
 

00:56:20,640 --> 00:56:22,870
their cattle
they took the land share of the risks

00:56:22,870 --> 00:56:22,880
they took the land share of the risks
 

00:56:22,880 --> 00:56:24,630
they took the land share of the risks
the whites got the land share of the

00:56:24,630 --> 00:56:24,640
the whites got the land share of the
 

00:56:24,640 --> 00:56:28,549
the whites got the land share of the
food

00:56:28,549 --> 00:56:28,559
 
 

00:56:28,559 --> 00:56:30,630
 
ironically much of the food belonged to

00:56:30,630 --> 00:56:30,640
ironically much of the food belonged to
 

00:56:30,640 --> 00:56:32,950
ironically much of the food belonged to
the blacks in the first place

00:56:32,950 --> 00:56:32,960
the blacks in the first place
 

00:56:32,960 --> 00:56:35,109
the blacks in the first place
baden powell commandeered it and then

00:56:35,109 --> 00:56:35,119
baden powell commandeered it and then
 

00:56:35,119 --> 00:56:37,160
baden powell commandeered it and then
sold it back to them as rations

00:56:37,160 --> 00:56:37,170
sold it back to them as rations
 

00:56:37,170 --> 00:56:39,270
sold it back to them as rations
[Music]

00:56:39,270 --> 00:56:39,280
[Music]
 

00:56:39,280 --> 00:56:40,630
[Music]
the natives are getting a little

00:56:40,630 --> 00:56:40,640
the natives are getting a little
 

00:56:40,640 --> 00:56:42,390
the natives are getting a little
suspicious of us

00:56:42,390 --> 00:56:42,400
suspicious of us
 

00:56:42,400 --> 00:56:44,069
suspicious of us
they want to know why we are trying to

00:56:44,069 --> 00:56:44,079
they want to know why we are trying to
 

00:56:44,079 --> 00:56:48,150
they want to know why we are trying to
take all the grain from them

00:56:48,150 --> 00:56:48,160
 
 

00:56:48,160 --> 00:56:50,309
 
a man in mafiking is sentenced to death

00:56:50,309 --> 00:56:50,319
a man in mafiking is sentenced to death
 

00:56:50,319 --> 00:56:53,670
a man in mafiking is sentenced to death
for stealing a goat

00:56:53,670 --> 00:56:53,680
 
 

00:56:53,680 --> 00:56:55,270
 
under baden powell

00:56:55,270 --> 00:56:55,280
under baden powell
 

00:56:55,280 --> 00:56:56,789
under baden powell
blacks were flogged for the first two

00:56:56,789 --> 00:56:56,799
blacks were flogged for the first two
 

00:56:56,799 --> 00:57:01,190
blacks were flogged for the first two
offenses and executed for the third

00:57:01,190 --> 00:57:01,200
offenses and executed for the third
 

00:57:01,200 --> 00:57:02,630
offenses and executed for the third
standing at the back

00:57:02,630 --> 00:57:02,640
standing at the back
 

00:57:02,640 --> 00:57:05,450
standing at the back
the court interpreter sol plaque

00:57:05,450 --> 00:57:05,460
the court interpreter sol plaque
 

00:57:05,460 --> 00:57:06,950
the court interpreter sol plaque
[Music]

00:57:06,950 --> 00:57:06,960
[Music]
 

00:57:06,960 --> 00:57:09,349
[Music]
we have very great difficulty in feeding

00:57:09,349 --> 00:57:09,359
we have very great difficulty in feeding
 

00:57:09,359 --> 00:57:10,870
we have very great difficulty in feeding
the natives

00:57:10,870 --> 00:57:10,880
the natives
 

00:57:10,880 --> 00:57:12,870
the natives
i saw horseflash for the first time

00:57:12,870 --> 00:57:12,880
i saw horseflash for the first time
 

00:57:12,880 --> 00:57:15,670
i saw horseflash for the first time
being treated as human foodstuff

00:57:15,670 --> 00:57:15,680
being treated as human foodstuff
 

00:57:15,680 --> 00:57:17,990
being treated as human foodstuff
it looked like meat with nothing unusual

00:57:17,990 --> 00:57:18,000
it looked like meat with nothing unusual
 

00:57:18,000 --> 00:57:19,270
it looked like meat with nothing unusual
about it

00:57:19,270 --> 00:57:19,280
about it
 

00:57:19,280 --> 00:57:20,950
about it
but when they found that there was no

00:57:20,950 --> 00:57:20,960
but when they found that there was no
 

00:57:20,960 --> 00:57:22,390
but when they found that there was no
more meat left

00:57:22,390 --> 00:57:22,400
more meat left
 

00:57:22,400 --> 00:57:25,030
more meat left
and brought the heads and feet i was

00:57:25,030 --> 00:57:25,040
and brought the heads and feet i was
 

00:57:25,040 --> 00:57:27,510
and brought the heads and feet i was
moved to see their long ears and bold

00:57:27,510 --> 00:57:27,520
moved to see their long ears and bold
 

00:57:27,520 --> 00:57:28,549
moved to see their long ears and bold
heads

00:57:28,549 --> 00:57:28,559
heads
 

00:57:28,559 --> 00:57:30,309
heads
and those were the things the people are

00:57:30,309 --> 00:57:30,319
and those were the things the people are
 

00:57:30,319 --> 00:57:31,750
and those were the things the people are
to feed on

00:57:31,750 --> 00:57:31,760
to feed on
 

00:57:31,760 --> 00:57:33,750
to feed on
the recipients however

00:57:33,750 --> 00:57:33,760
the recipients however
 

00:57:33,760 --> 00:57:36,630
the recipients however
were all very pleased to get these heads

00:57:36,630 --> 00:57:36,640
were all very pleased to get these heads
 

00:57:36,640 --> 00:57:44,950
were all very pleased to get these heads
and they ate them nearly wrong

00:57:44,950 --> 00:57:44,960
 
 

00:57:44,960 --> 00:57:46,950
 
horse was a key ingredient in the black

00:57:46,950 --> 00:57:46,960
horse was a key ingredient in the black
 

00:57:46,960 --> 00:57:48,230
horse was a key ingredient in the black
soup kitchens

00:57:48,230 --> 00:57:48,240
soup kitchens
 

00:57:48,240 --> 00:57:52,630
soup kitchens
azina cow noted in her diary

00:57:52,630 --> 00:57:52,640
azina cow noted in her diary
 

00:57:52,640 --> 00:57:54,630
azina cow noted in her diary
[Music]

00:57:54,630 --> 00:57:54,640
[Music]
 

00:57:54,640 --> 00:57:57,270
[Music]
an old horse is slaughtered skinned and

00:57:57,270 --> 00:57:57,280
an old horse is slaughtered skinned and
 

00:57:57,280 --> 00:57:59,030
an old horse is slaughtered skinned and
thrown into a huge boiler with some

00:57:59,030 --> 00:57:59,040
thrown into a huge boiler with some
 

00:57:59,040 --> 00:58:01,510
thrown into a huge boiler with some
villainous mealy meal and salt

00:58:01,510 --> 00:58:01,520
villainous mealy meal and salt
 

00:58:01,520 --> 00:58:07,109
villainous mealy meal and salt
and is doled out at thrippance a pint

00:58:07,109 --> 00:58:07,119
 
 

00:58:07,119 --> 00:58:09,510
 
j.e neely of the palm al gazette

00:58:09,510 --> 00:58:09,520
j.e neely of the palm al gazette
 

00:58:09,520 --> 00:58:13,270
j.e neely of the palm al gazette
described the queues of blacks

00:58:13,270 --> 00:58:13,280
 
 

00:58:13,280 --> 00:58:15,349
 
five or six hundred of both sexes and

00:58:15,349 --> 00:58:15,359
five or six hundred of both sexes and
 

00:58:15,359 --> 00:58:16,710
five or six hundred of both sexes and
all ages

00:58:16,710 --> 00:58:16,720
all ages
 

00:58:16,720 --> 00:58:18,710
all ages
a waiting turn to crawl painfully up to

00:58:18,710 --> 00:58:18,720
a waiting turn to crawl painfully up to
 

00:58:18,720 --> 00:58:21,030
a waiting turn to crawl painfully up to
the soup kitchen

00:58:21,030 --> 00:58:21,040
the soup kitchen
 

00:58:21,040 --> 00:58:22,470
the soup kitchen
it was one of the most heart-rending

00:58:22,470 --> 00:58:22,480
it was one of the most heart-rending
 

00:58:22,480 --> 00:58:23,510
it was one of the most heart-rending
sites

00:58:23,510 --> 00:58:23,520
sites
 

00:58:23,520 --> 00:58:24,540
sites
i've ever witnessed

00:58:24,540 --> 00:58:24,550
i've ever witnessed
 

00:58:24,550 --> 00:58:33,349
i've ever witnessed
[Music]

00:58:33,349 --> 00:58:33,359
 
 

00:58:33,359 --> 00:58:34,829
 
as they lost

00:58:34,829 --> 00:58:34,839
as they lost
 

00:58:34,839 --> 00:58:37,030
as they lost
weight their eyes bulged out of their

00:58:37,030 --> 00:58:37,040
weight their eyes bulged out of their
 

00:58:37,040 --> 00:58:40,950
weight their eyes bulged out of their
sockets

00:58:40,950 --> 00:58:40,960
 
 

00:58:40,960 --> 00:58:42,950
 
my grandmother said that

00:58:42,950 --> 00:58:42,960
my grandmother said that
 

00:58:42,960 --> 00:58:45,349
my grandmother said that
to supplement this soup

00:58:45,349 --> 00:58:45,359
to supplement this soup
 

00:58:45,359 --> 00:58:47,109
to supplement this soup
they went to the river

00:58:47,109 --> 00:58:47,119
they went to the river
 

00:58:47,119 --> 00:58:48,870
they went to the river
and ate mud

00:58:48,870 --> 00:58:48,880
and ate mud
 

00:58:48,880 --> 00:58:50,870
and ate mud
to give them something more in the

00:58:50,870 --> 00:58:50,880
to give them something more in the
 

00:58:50,880 --> 00:58:53,030
to give them something more in the
stomach

00:58:53,030 --> 00:58:53,040
stomach
 

00:58:53,040 --> 00:58:55,030
stomach
my mother said they had a little fox

00:58:55,030 --> 00:58:55,040
my mother said they had a little fox
 

00:58:55,040 --> 00:58:56,069
my mother said they had a little fox
terrier

00:58:56,069 --> 00:58:56,079
terrier
 

00:58:56,079 --> 00:58:58,789
terrier
her name was vicky she was a miniature

00:58:58,789 --> 00:58:58,799
her name was vicky she was a miniature
 

00:58:58,799 --> 00:59:03,030
her name was vicky she was a miniature
foxteria which they used to have to hide

00:59:03,030 --> 00:59:03,040
foxteria which they used to have to hide
 

00:59:03,040 --> 00:59:07,190
foxteria which they used to have to hide
because as food got scarce and scarcer

00:59:07,190 --> 00:59:07,200
because as food got scarce and scarcer
 

00:59:07,200 --> 00:59:08,069
because as food got scarce and scarcer
if

00:59:08,069 --> 00:59:08,079
if
 

00:59:08,079 --> 00:59:10,470
if
the africans particularly

00:59:10,470 --> 00:59:10,480
the africans particularly
 

00:59:10,480 --> 00:59:12,390
the africans particularly
got hold of a dog i mean it didn't last

00:59:12,390 --> 00:59:12,400
got hold of a dog i mean it didn't last
 

00:59:12,400 --> 00:59:15,190
got hold of a dog i mean it didn't last
very long they killed it to eat so

00:59:15,190 --> 00:59:15,200
very long they killed it to eat so
 

00:59:15,200 --> 00:59:17,430
very long they killed it to eat so
everybody was always looking after vicky

00:59:17,430 --> 00:59:17,440
everybody was always looking after vicky
 

00:59:17,440 --> 00:59:19,430
everybody was always looking after vicky
and hiding her so nobody would take it

00:59:19,430 --> 00:59:19,440
and hiding her so nobody would take it
 

00:59:19,440 --> 00:59:21,770
and hiding her so nobody would take it
to eat

00:59:21,770 --> 00:59:21,780
to eat
 

00:59:21,780 --> 00:59:24,390
to eat
[Music]

00:59:24,390 --> 00:59:24,400
[Music]
 

00:59:24,400 --> 00:59:26,309
[Music]
to make the food last

00:59:26,309 --> 00:59:26,319
to make the food last
 

00:59:26,319 --> 00:59:28,630
to make the food last
baden powell had one more trick

00:59:28,630 --> 00:59:28,640
baden powell had one more trick
 

00:59:28,640 --> 00:59:30,549
baden powell had one more trick
expel all blacks not essential to

00:59:30,549 --> 00:59:30,559
expel all blacks not essential to
 

00:59:30,559 --> 00:59:33,430
expel all blacks not essential to
mafiking's defense

00:59:33,430 --> 00:59:33,440
mafiking's defense
 

00:59:33,440 --> 00:59:35,190
mafiking's defense
stocks at present will last to june the

00:59:35,190 --> 00:59:35,200
stocks at present will last to june the
 

00:59:35,200 --> 00:59:36,309
stocks at present will last to june the
12th

00:59:36,309 --> 00:59:36,319
12th
 

00:59:36,319 --> 00:59:38,870
12th
but by forcing natives away we can get

00:59:38,870 --> 00:59:38,880
but by forcing natives away we can get
 

00:59:38,880 --> 00:59:43,270
but by forcing natives away we can get
their share for whites

00:59:43,270 --> 00:59:43,280
 
 

00:59:43,280 --> 00:59:46,710
 
tonight no fewer than 750 natives have

00:59:46,710 --> 00:59:46,720
tonight no fewer than 750 natives have
 

00:59:46,720 --> 00:59:50,950
tonight no fewer than 750 natives have
to walk 100 miles through boer lines

00:59:50,950 --> 00:59:50,960
to walk 100 miles through boer lines
 

00:59:50,960 --> 00:59:52,789
to walk 100 miles through boer lines
our outposts have orders to shoot at

00:59:52,789 --> 00:59:52,799
our outposts have orders to shoot at
 

00:59:52,799 --> 00:59:54,630
our outposts have orders to shoot at
them if they return

00:59:54,630 --> 00:59:54,640
them if they return
 

00:59:54,640 --> 00:59:58,230
them if they return
it does seem hard

00:59:58,230 --> 00:59:58,240
 
 

00:59:58,240 --> 01:00:01,109
 
when a start was made from the river

01:00:01,109 --> 01:00:01,119
when a start was made from the river
 

01:00:01,119 --> 01:00:04,390
when a start was made from the river
there are cries of mama mama

01:00:04,390 --> 01:00:04,400
there are cries of mama mama
 

01:00:04,400 --> 01:00:06,789
there are cries of mama mama
children shouting after their mothers

01:00:06,789 --> 01:00:06,799
children shouting after their mothers
 

01:00:06,799 --> 01:00:11,990
children shouting after their mothers
and women after their children

01:00:11,990 --> 01:00:12,000
 
 

01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:14,549
 
the boers caught stripped and flogged

01:00:14,549 --> 01:00:14,559
the boers caught stripped and flogged
 

01:00:14,559 --> 01:00:16,710
the boers caught stripped and flogged
many of the women

01:00:16,710 --> 01:00:16,720
many of the women
 

01:00:16,720 --> 01:00:22,150
many of the women
some they killed

01:00:22,150 --> 01:00:22,160
 
 

01:00:22,160 --> 01:00:24,630
 
those who got past the boers faced a

01:00:24,630 --> 01:00:24,640
those who got past the boers faced a
 

01:00:24,640 --> 01:00:25,910
those who got past the boers faced a
slower death

01:00:25,910 --> 01:00:25,920
slower death
 

01:00:25,920 --> 01:00:29,190
slower death
as jay nealy witnessed

01:00:29,190 --> 01:00:29,200
as jay nealy witnessed
 

01:00:29,200 --> 01:00:31,349
as jay nealy witnessed
i saw them lie where they had fallen

01:00:31,349 --> 01:00:31,359
i saw them lie where they had fallen
 

01:00:31,359 --> 01:00:33,510
i saw them lie where they had fallen
too weak to go on their way

01:00:33,510 --> 01:00:33,520
too weak to go on their way
 

01:00:33,520 --> 01:00:36,069
too weak to go on their way
mostly little boys

01:00:36,069 --> 01:00:36,079
mostly little boys
 

01:00:36,079 --> 01:00:38,950
mostly little boys
probably hundreds died from starvation

01:00:38,950 --> 01:00:38,960
probably hundreds died from starvation
 

01:00:38,960 --> 01:00:40,950
probably hundreds died from starvation
or the diseases that always accompany

01:00:40,950 --> 01:00:40,960
or the diseases that always accompany
 

01:00:40,960 --> 01:00:44,100
or the diseases that always accompany
famine

01:00:44,100 --> 01:00:44,110
 
 

01:00:44,110 --> 01:01:01,349
 
[Music]

01:01:01,349 --> 01:01:01,359
 
 

01:01:01,359 --> 01:01:03,430
 
the british army had been inching closer

01:01:03,430 --> 01:01:03,440
the british army had been inching closer
 

01:01:03,440 --> 01:01:06,630
the british army had been inching closer
to the three besieged towns

01:01:06,630 --> 01:01:06,640
to the three besieged towns
 

01:01:06,640 --> 01:01:09,510
to the three besieged towns
on the 15th of february 1900 kimberly

01:01:09,510 --> 01:01:09,520
on the 15th of february 1900 kimberly
 

01:01:09,520 --> 01:01:11,109
on the 15th of february 1900 kimberly
was relieved

01:01:11,109 --> 01:01:11,119
was relieved
 

01:01:11,119 --> 01:01:15,910
was relieved
the breakthrough had begun

01:01:15,910 --> 01:01:15,920
 
 

01:01:15,920 --> 01:01:19,270
 
poor general pietr cronier with 5000 men

01:01:19,270 --> 01:01:19,280
poor general pietr cronier with 5000 men
 

01:01:19,280 --> 01:01:26,069
poor general pietr cronier with 5000 men
fell back in retreat from kimberly

01:01:26,069 --> 01:01:26,079
 
 

01:01:26,079 --> 01:01:28,150
 
they had huge ox trains heavily

01:01:28,150 --> 01:01:28,160
they had huge ox trains heavily
 

01:01:28,160 --> 01:01:33,430
they had huge ox trains heavily
dependent on black labor

01:01:33,430 --> 01:01:33,440
 
 

01:01:33,440 --> 01:01:36,230
 
the main trade that the men undertook at

01:01:36,230 --> 01:01:36,240
the main trade that the men undertook at
 

01:01:36,240 --> 01:01:38,390
the main trade that the men undertook at
the time

01:01:38,390 --> 01:01:38,400
the time
 

01:01:38,400 --> 01:01:40,950
the time
was to transport with their beautiful

01:01:40,950 --> 01:01:40,960
was to transport with their beautiful
 

01:01:40,960 --> 01:01:44,390
was to transport with their beautiful
wagons

01:01:44,390 --> 01:01:44,400
 
 

01:01:44,400 --> 01:01:46,309
 
and my father

01:01:46,309 --> 01:01:46,319
and my father
 

01:01:46,319 --> 01:01:48,309
and my father
was a teenager

01:01:48,309 --> 01:01:48,319
was a teenager
 

01:01:48,319 --> 01:01:50,789
was a teenager
and his job was to be

01:01:50,789 --> 01:01:50,799
and his job was to be
 

01:01:50,799 --> 01:01:52,309
and his job was to be
two-layer

01:01:52,309 --> 01:01:52,319
two-layer
 

01:01:52,319 --> 01:01:56,549
two-layer
that is the man who leads the oxen

01:01:56,549 --> 01:01:56,559
that is the man who leads the oxen
 

01:01:56,559 --> 01:02:00,230
that is the man who leads the oxen
and it is this wagon which was chosen to

01:02:00,230 --> 01:02:00,240
and it is this wagon which was chosen to
 

01:02:00,240 --> 01:02:01,109
and it is this wagon which was chosen to
carry

01:02:01,109 --> 01:02:01,119
carry
 

01:02:01,119 --> 01:02:08,870
carry
the wife of general quinjee

01:02:08,870 --> 01:02:08,880
 
 

01:02:08,880 --> 01:02:11,109
 
accompanied her husband

01:02:11,109 --> 01:02:11,119
accompanied her husband
 

01:02:11,119 --> 01:02:14,230
accompanied her husband
they were attacked by the british

01:02:14,230 --> 01:02:14,240
they were attacked by the british
 

01:02:14,240 --> 01:02:18,150
they were attacked by the british
shots were coming from all sides

01:02:18,150 --> 01:02:18,160
shots were coming from all sides
 

01:02:18,160 --> 01:02:19,270
shots were coming from all sides
and

01:02:19,270 --> 01:02:19,280
and
 

01:02:19,280 --> 01:02:21,750
and
down they would hit the oxen in their

01:02:21,750 --> 01:02:21,760
down they would hit the oxen in their
 

01:02:21,760 --> 01:02:22,789
down they would hit the oxen in their
run

01:02:22,789 --> 01:02:22,799
run
 

01:02:22,799 --> 01:02:24,789
run
and says the way you would know that an

01:02:24,789 --> 01:02:24,799
and says the way you would know that an
 

01:02:24,799 --> 01:02:26,630
and says the way you would know that an
ox has been hit

01:02:26,630 --> 01:02:26,640
ox has been hit
 

01:02:26,640 --> 01:02:29,029
ox has been hit
would be when it fell on its knees

01:02:29,029 --> 01:02:29,039
would be when it fell on its knees
 

01:02:29,039 --> 01:02:31,910
would be when it fell on its knees
and it made the sound ah

01:02:31,910 --> 01:02:31,920
and it made the sound ah
 

01:02:31,920 --> 01:02:33,510
and it made the sound ah
and fell down

01:02:33,510 --> 01:02:33,520
and fell down
 

01:02:33,520 --> 01:02:35,510
and fell down
and his uncle would come with a sharp

01:02:35,510 --> 01:02:35,520
and his uncle would come with a sharp
 

01:02:35,520 --> 01:02:36,470
and his uncle would come with a sharp
knife

01:02:36,470 --> 01:02:36,480
knife
 

01:02:36,480 --> 01:02:37,750
knife
and

01:02:37,750 --> 01:02:37,760
and
 

01:02:37,760 --> 01:02:41,430
and
cut off the straw that is the

01:02:41,430 --> 01:02:41,440
cut off the straw that is the
 

01:02:41,440 --> 01:02:43,990
cut off the straw that is the
the leather cord

01:02:43,990 --> 01:02:44,000
the leather cord
 

01:02:44,000 --> 01:02:46,710
the leather cord
that holds the yoke to the neck

01:02:46,710 --> 01:02:46,720
that holds the yoke to the neck
 

01:02:46,720 --> 01:02:49,270
that holds the yoke to the neck
and they would leave the ox there and

01:02:49,270 --> 01:02:49,280
and they would leave the ox there and
 

01:02:49,280 --> 01:02:50,549
and they would leave the ox there and
run on

01:02:50,549 --> 01:02:50,559
run on
 

01:02:50,559 --> 01:02:52,710
run on
until the next one is hit

01:02:52,710 --> 01:02:52,720
until the next one is hit
 

01:02:52,720 --> 01:02:54,870
until the next one is hit
and the same thing would happen

01:02:54,870 --> 01:02:54,880
and the same thing would happen
 

01:02:54,880 --> 01:02:56,789
and the same thing would happen
and that is how my father

01:02:56,789 --> 01:02:56,799
and that is how my father
 

01:02:56,799 --> 01:02:58,789
and that is how my father
contributed to the parole to the world

01:02:58,789 --> 01:02:58,799
contributed to the parole to the world
 

01:02:58,799 --> 01:03:00,390
contributed to the parole to the world
war

01:03:00,390 --> 01:03:00,400
war
 

01:03:00,400 --> 01:03:02,870
war
saved general crunchy's

01:03:02,870 --> 01:03:02,880
saved general crunchy's
 

01:03:02,880 --> 01:03:06,789
saved general crunchy's
wife

01:03:06,789 --> 01:03:06,799
 
 

01:03:06,799 --> 01:03:09,589
 
he never told us that the crunches

01:03:09,589 --> 01:03:09,599
he never told us that the crunches
 

01:03:09,599 --> 01:03:15,430
he never told us that the crunches
came to say thank you for that

01:03:15,430 --> 01:03:15,440
 
 

01:03:15,440 --> 01:03:17,510
 
but mrs cronier was only safe for a

01:03:17,510 --> 01:03:17,520
but mrs cronier was only safe for a
 

01:03:17,520 --> 01:03:21,029
but mrs cronier was only safe for a
moment

01:03:21,029 --> 01:03:21,039
 
 

01:03:21,039 --> 01:03:23,109
 
instead of fleeing to the north her

01:03:23,109 --> 01:03:23,119
instead of fleeing to the north her
 

01:03:23,119 --> 01:03:25,190
instead of fleeing to the north her
husband decided to dig his five thousand

01:03:25,190 --> 01:03:25,200
husband decided to dig his five thousand
 

01:03:25,200 --> 01:03:26,870
husband decided to dig his five thousand
men in along the banks of the river

01:03:26,870 --> 01:03:26,880
men in along the banks of the river
 

01:03:26,880 --> 01:03:31,670
men in along the banks of the river
modder at paderberg

01:03:31,670 --> 01:03:31,680
 
 

01:03:31,680 --> 01:03:33,349
 
but fifteen thousand british soldiers

01:03:33,349 --> 01:03:33,359
but fifteen thousand british soldiers
 

01:03:33,359 --> 01:03:35,349
but fifteen thousand british soldiers
were hard on his heels

01:03:35,349 --> 01:03:35,359
were hard on his heels
 

01:03:35,359 --> 01:03:36,870
were hard on his heels
it was now the burr's turn to be

01:03:36,870 --> 01:03:36,880
it was now the burr's turn to be
 

01:03:36,880 --> 01:03:43,190
it was now the burr's turn to be
surrounded

01:03:43,190 --> 01:03:43,200
 
 

01:03:43,200 --> 01:03:45,750
 
board general christian devette implored

01:03:45,750 --> 01:03:45,760
board general christian devette implored
 

01:03:45,760 --> 01:03:47,589
board general christian devette implored
cronier to break out

01:03:47,589 --> 01:03:47,599
cronier to break out
 

01:03:47,599 --> 01:03:49,270
cronier to break out
but he was too encumbered with baggage

01:03:49,270 --> 01:03:49,280
but he was too encumbered with baggage
 

01:03:49,280 --> 01:03:52,710
but he was too encumbered with baggage
weapons and families to risk it

01:03:52,710 --> 01:03:52,720
weapons and families to risk it
 

01:03:52,720 --> 01:03:56,630
weapons and families to risk it
renovillian's father was with david

01:03:56,630 --> 01:03:56,640
renovillian's father was with david
 

01:03:56,640 --> 01:03:58,870
renovillian's father was with david
my father said that my father told us

01:03:58,870 --> 01:03:58,880
my father said that my father told us
 

01:03:58,880 --> 01:04:01,270
my father said that my father told us
they'd sent a message to crony telling

01:04:01,270 --> 01:04:01,280
they'd sent a message to crony telling
 

01:04:01,280 --> 01:04:02,950
they'd sent a message to crony telling
him that they were going to drive a safe

01:04:02,950 --> 01:04:02,960
him that they were going to drive a safe
 

01:04:02,960 --> 01:04:06,150
him that they were going to drive a safe
corridor through the english lines

01:04:06,150 --> 01:04:06,160
corridor through the english lines
 

01:04:06,160 --> 01:04:07,990
corridor through the english lines
and the minute they'd done that

01:04:07,990 --> 01:04:08,000
and the minute they'd done that
 

01:04:08,000 --> 01:04:11,349
and the minute they'd done that
crony and his men must flee downing

01:04:11,349 --> 01:04:11,359
crony and his men must flee downing
 

01:04:11,359 --> 01:04:13,589
crony and his men must flee downing
he shouldn't take any wagons with him

01:04:13,589 --> 01:04:13,599
he shouldn't take any wagons with him
 

01:04:13,599 --> 01:04:16,150
he shouldn't take any wagons with him
just troops on horseback and they had to

01:04:16,150 --> 01:04:16,160
just troops on horseback and they had to
 

01:04:16,160 --> 01:04:20,789
just troops on horseback and they had to
move as fast as possible

01:04:20,789 --> 01:04:20,799
 
 

01:04:20,799 --> 01:04:22,069
 
didn't react

01:04:22,069 --> 01:04:22,079
didn't react
 

01:04:22,079 --> 01:04:23,750
didn't react
when the safe passage was created he

01:04:23,750 --> 01:04:23,760
when the safe passage was created he
 

01:04:23,760 --> 01:04:30,390
when the safe passage was created he
just stayed

01:04:30,390 --> 01:04:30,400
 
 

01:04:30,400 --> 01:04:31,910
 
because the whole commander of the

01:04:31,910 --> 01:04:31,920
because the whole commander of the
 

01:04:31,920 --> 01:04:35,430
because the whole commander of the
orange free state was captured there

01:04:35,430 --> 01:04:35,440
orange free state was captured there
 

01:04:35,440 --> 01:04:37,109
orange free state was captured there
and after that the board troops were

01:04:37,109 --> 01:04:37,119
and after that the board troops were
 

01:04:37,119 --> 01:04:40,590
and after that the board troops were
very disheartened

01:04:40,590 --> 01:04:40,600
 
 

01:04:40,600 --> 01:04:47,270
 
[Music]

01:04:47,270 --> 01:04:47,280
[Music]
 

01:04:47,280 --> 01:04:48,870
[Music]
surrendered to field marshal lord

01:04:48,870 --> 01:04:48,880
surrendered to field marshal lord
 

01:04:48,880 --> 01:04:52,789
surrendered to field marshal lord
roberts on the 27th of february 1900

01:04:52,789 --> 01:04:52,799
roberts on the 27th of february 1900
 

01:04:52,799 --> 01:04:55,270
roberts on the 27th of february 1900
it was the first major british victory

01:04:55,270 --> 01:04:55,280
it was the first major british victory
 

01:04:55,280 --> 01:04:58,870
it was the first major british victory
and a turning point in the war

01:04:58,870 --> 01:04:58,880
 
 

01:04:58,880 --> 01:05:00,710
 
over four thousand boers were taken

01:05:00,710 --> 01:05:00,720
over four thousand boers were taken
 

01:05:00,720 --> 01:05:03,590
over four thousand boers were taken
prisoner a devastating blow

01:05:03,590 --> 01:05:03,600
prisoner a devastating blow
 

01:05:03,600 --> 01:05:14,069
prisoner a devastating blow
[Music]

01:05:14,069 --> 01:05:14,079
[Music]
 

01:05:14,079 --> 01:05:19,440
[Music]
taking him into captivity

01:05:19,440 --> 01:05:19,450
 
 

01:05:19,450 --> 01:05:22,069
 
[Music]

01:05:22,069 --> 01:05:22,079
[Music]
 

01:05:22,079 --> 01:05:24,309
[Music]
with his wife and army cronier was

01:05:24,309 --> 01:05:24,319
with his wife and army cronier was
 

01:05:24,319 --> 01:05:26,630
with his wife and army cronier was
exiled to the island of setolina

01:05:26,630 --> 01:05:26,640
exiled to the island of setolina
 

01:05:26,640 --> 01:05:28,450
exiled to the island of setolina
following in napoleon's footsteps

01:05:28,450 --> 01:05:28,460
following in napoleon's footsteps
 

01:05:28,460 --> 01:05:31,349
following in napoleon's footsteps
[Music]

01:05:31,349 --> 01:05:31,359
[Music]
 

01:05:31,359 --> 01:05:33,109
[Music]
punch showed him greeting napoleon's

01:05:33,109 --> 01:05:33,119
punch showed him greeting napoleon's
 

01:05:33,119 --> 01:05:34,789
punch showed him greeting napoleon's
ghost with the words

01:05:34,789 --> 01:05:34,799
ghost with the words
 

01:05:34,799 --> 01:05:39,750
ghost with the words
same enemies sire same result

01:05:39,750 --> 01:05:39,760
 
 

01:05:39,760 --> 01:05:41,829
 
cronie and hester lived out the war on

01:05:41,829 --> 01:05:41,839
cronie and hester lived out the war on
 

01:05:41,839 --> 01:05:43,829
cronie and hester lived out the war on
saint helena

01:05:43,829 --> 01:05:43,839
saint helena
 

01:05:43,839 --> 01:05:45,910
saint helena
they then went to america where he

01:05:45,910 --> 01:05:45,920
they then went to america where he
 

01:05:45,920 --> 01:05:47,910
they then went to america where he
reenacted the battle of paderburg at the

01:05:47,910 --> 01:05:47,920
reenacted the battle of paderburg at the
 

01:05:47,920 --> 01:05:50,870
reenacted the battle of paderburg at the
1904 louis world fair

01:05:50,870 --> 01:05:50,880
1904 louis world fair
 

01:05:50,880 --> 01:05:56,710
1904 louis world fair
he died hated by his people

01:05:56,710 --> 01:05:56,720
 
 

01:05:56,720 --> 01:05:58,150
 
the british breakthrough gathered

01:05:58,150 --> 01:05:58,160
the british breakthrough gathered
 

01:05:58,160 --> 01:05:59,589
the british breakthrough gathered
momentum

01:05:59,589 --> 01:05:59,599
momentum
 

01:05:59,599 --> 01:06:02,630
momentum
in natal they relieved lady smith

01:06:02,630 --> 01:06:02,640
in natal they relieved lady smith
 

01:06:02,640 --> 01:06:03,910
in natal they relieved lady smith
they pushed the boers back at

01:06:03,910 --> 01:06:03,920
they pushed the boers back at
 

01:06:03,920 --> 01:06:06,789
they pushed the boers back at
drifontaine on the western front

01:06:06,789 --> 01:06:06,799
drifontaine on the western front
 

01:06:06,799 --> 01:06:08,230
drifontaine on the western front
when the british reached this final

01:06:08,230 --> 01:06:08,240
when the british reached this final
 

01:06:08,240 --> 01:06:10,309
when the british reached this final
ridge they saw the boers fleeing on

01:06:10,309 --> 01:06:10,319
ridge they saw the boers fleeing on
 

01:06:10,319 --> 01:06:12,150
ridge they saw the boers fleeing on
horseback on the way clear to

01:06:12,150 --> 01:06:12,160
horseback on the way clear to
 

01:06:12,160 --> 01:06:14,630
horseback on the way clear to
bloomfontaine capital of the orange free

01:06:14,630 --> 01:06:14,640
bloomfontaine capital of the orange free
 

01:06:14,640 --> 01:06:18,309
bloomfontaine capital of the orange free
state

01:06:18,309 --> 01:06:18,319
 
 

01:06:18,319 --> 01:06:20,069
 
the city fell without a fight on the

01:06:20,069 --> 01:06:20,079
the city fell without a fight on the
 

01:06:20,079 --> 01:06:23,109
the city fell without a fight on the
13th of march 1900

01:06:23,109 --> 01:06:23,119
13th of march 1900
 

01:06:23,119 --> 01:06:25,270
13th of march 1900
yet a thousand would die here

01:06:25,270 --> 01:06:25,280
yet a thousand would die here
 

01:06:25,280 --> 01:06:27,670
yet a thousand would die here
but not from poor guns

01:06:27,670 --> 01:06:27,680
but not from poor guns
 

01:06:27,680 --> 01:06:29,430
but not from poor guns
and the seeds of the tragedy were sown

01:06:29,430 --> 01:06:29,440
and the seeds of the tragedy were sown
 

01:06:29,440 --> 01:06:30,470
and the seeds of the tragedy were sown
weeks

01:06:30,470 --> 01:06:30,480
weeks
 

01:06:30,480 --> 01:06:36,820
weeks
even months before

01:06:36,820 --> 01:06:36,830
 
 

01:06:36,830 --> 01:06:38,870
 
[Music]

01:06:38,870 --> 01:06:38,880
[Music]
 

01:06:38,880 --> 01:06:40,630
[Music]
i know my father said that some of the

01:06:40,630 --> 01:06:40,640
i know my father said that some of the
 

01:06:40,640 --> 01:06:42,789
i know my father said that some of the
water that he had to drink during the

01:06:42,789 --> 01:06:42,799
water that he had to drink during the
 

01:06:42,799 --> 01:06:45,990
water that he had to drink during the
campaign would be absolutely horrified

01:06:45,990 --> 01:06:46,000
campaign would be absolutely horrified
 

01:06:46,000 --> 01:06:48,630
campaign would be absolutely horrified
contaminated by dead animals and

01:06:48,630 --> 01:06:48,640
contaminated by dead animals and
 

01:06:48,640 --> 01:06:53,670
contaminated by dead animals and
all that sort of thing

01:06:53,670 --> 01:06:53,680
 
 

01:06:53,680 --> 01:06:56,789
 
disease was a major problem

01:06:56,789 --> 01:06:56,799
disease was a major problem
 

01:06:56,799 --> 01:06:58,870
disease was a major problem
they were having to drink

01:06:58,870 --> 01:06:58,880
they were having to drink
 

01:06:58,880 --> 01:07:01,589
they were having to drink
untreated water virtually from day to

01:07:01,589 --> 01:07:01,599
untreated water virtually from day to
 

01:07:01,599 --> 01:07:02,390
untreated water virtually from day to
day

01:07:02,390 --> 01:07:02,400
day
 

01:07:02,400 --> 01:07:04,710
day
and from stream to stream so it was

01:07:04,710 --> 01:07:04,720
and from stream to stream so it was
 

01:07:04,720 --> 01:07:06,950
and from stream to stream so it was
never the same water

01:07:06,950 --> 01:07:06,960
never the same water
 

01:07:06,960 --> 01:07:10,470
never the same water
and hence there was a far greater

01:07:10,470 --> 01:07:10,480
and hence there was a far greater
 

01:07:10,480 --> 01:07:13,349
and hence there was a far greater
chance of picking up something from the

01:07:13,349 --> 01:07:13,359
chance of picking up something from the
 

01:07:13,359 --> 01:07:18,309
chance of picking up something from the
water

01:07:18,309 --> 01:07:18,319
 
 

01:07:18,319 --> 01:07:20,990
 
typhoid is one of the

01:07:20,990 --> 01:07:21,000
typhoid is one of the
 

01:07:21,000 --> 01:07:23,349
typhoid is one of the
gastrointestinal diseases it is an

01:07:23,349 --> 01:07:23,359
gastrointestinal diseases it is an
 

01:07:23,359 --> 01:07:26,630
gastrointestinal diseases it is an
organism that affects the gut

01:07:26,630 --> 01:07:26,640
organism that affects the gut
 

01:07:26,640 --> 01:07:29,589
organism that affects the gut
it is characteristic of large standing

01:07:29,589 --> 01:07:29,599
it is characteristic of large standing
 

01:07:29,599 --> 01:07:31,910
it is characteristic of large standing
armies

01:07:31,910 --> 01:07:31,920
armies
 

01:07:31,920 --> 01:07:32,950
armies
spread

01:07:32,950 --> 01:07:32,960
spread
 

01:07:32,960 --> 01:07:37,270
spread
by water by food by dust by flies

01:07:37,270 --> 01:07:37,280
by water by food by dust by flies
 

01:07:37,280 --> 01:07:40,549
by water by food by dust by flies
of which there were millions

01:07:40,549 --> 01:07:40,559
of which there were millions
 

01:07:40,559 --> 01:07:42,470
of which there were millions
for months thousands of british troops

01:07:42,470 --> 01:07:42,480
for months thousands of british troops
 

01:07:42,480 --> 01:07:45,750
for months thousands of british troops
had been living along the river modder

01:07:45,750 --> 01:07:45,760
had been living along the river modder
 

01:07:45,760 --> 01:07:47,270
had been living along the river modder
swimming in it

01:07:47,270 --> 01:07:47,280
swimming in it
 

01:07:47,280 --> 01:07:48,549
swimming in it
washing in it

01:07:48,549 --> 01:07:48,559
washing in it
 

01:07:48,559 --> 01:07:50,630
washing in it
drinking it

01:07:50,630 --> 01:07:50,640
drinking it
 

01:07:50,640 --> 01:07:52,789
drinking it
at paderberg a thousand dead horses and

01:07:52,789 --> 01:07:52,799
at paderberg a thousand dead horses and
 

01:07:52,799 --> 01:07:55,670
at paderberg a thousand dead horses and
cattle had been carried away down it

01:07:55,670 --> 01:07:55,680
cattle had been carried away down it
 

01:07:55,680 --> 01:07:58,630
cattle had been carried away down it
the water was alive with typhoid

01:07:58,630 --> 01:07:58,640
the water was alive with typhoid
 

01:07:58,640 --> 01:08:00,230
the water was alive with typhoid
warnings were given

01:08:00,230 --> 01:08:00,240
warnings were given
 

01:08:00,240 --> 01:08:03,270
warnings were given
and ignored

01:08:03,270 --> 01:08:03,280
 
 

01:08:03,280 --> 01:08:04,549
 
it's hot

01:08:04,549 --> 01:08:04,559
it's hot
 

01:08:04,559 --> 01:08:05,829
it's hot
it's dry

01:08:05,829 --> 01:08:05,839
it's dry
 

01:08:05,839 --> 01:08:07,910
it's dry
it's dusty

01:08:07,910 --> 01:08:07,920
it's dusty
 

01:08:07,920 --> 01:08:10,630
it's dusty
it's very hot

01:08:10,630 --> 01:08:10,640
it's very hot
 

01:08:10,640 --> 01:08:13,750
it's very hot
and they've marched

01:08:13,750 --> 01:08:13,760
and they've marched
 

01:08:13,760 --> 01:08:15,430
and they've marched
are they thirsty

01:08:15,430 --> 01:08:15,440
are they thirsty
 

01:08:15,440 --> 01:08:17,990
are they thirsty
who now has the inclination

01:08:17,990 --> 01:08:18,000
who now has the inclination
 

01:08:18,000 --> 01:08:19,189
who now has the inclination
to

01:08:19,189 --> 01:08:19,199
to
 

01:08:19,199 --> 01:08:21,829
to
ladle out a bit of water boil it

01:08:21,829 --> 01:08:21,839
ladle out a bit of water boil it
 

01:08:21,839 --> 01:08:26,470
ladle out a bit of water boil it
have it cooled and then drink it

01:08:26,470 --> 01:08:26,480
 
 

01:08:26,480 --> 01:08:29,110
 
just doesn't happen

01:08:29,110 --> 01:08:29,120
just doesn't happen
 

01:08:29,120 --> 01:08:31,030
just doesn't happen
so that by the time

01:08:31,030 --> 01:08:31,040
so that by the time
 

01:08:31,040 --> 01:08:33,110
so that by the time
they move

01:08:33,110 --> 01:08:33,120
they move
 

01:08:33,120 --> 01:08:34,789
they move
that army

01:08:34,789 --> 01:08:34,799
that army
 

01:08:34,799 --> 01:08:41,430
that army
is incubating typhoid

01:08:41,430 --> 01:08:41,440
 
 

01:08:41,440 --> 01:08:45,749
 
they come as victors into blue fondant

01:08:45,749 --> 01:08:45,759
they come as victors into blue fondant
 

01:08:45,759 --> 01:08:49,669
they come as victors into blue fondant
and then the typhoid strikes them

01:08:49,669 --> 01:08:49,679
 
 

01:08:49,679 --> 01:08:50,829
 
and they die

01:08:50,829 --> 01:08:50,839
and they die
 

01:08:50,839 --> 01:08:52,390
and they die
miserably

01:08:52,390 --> 01:08:52,400
miserably
 

01:08:52,400 --> 01:08:54,550
miserably
they really did

01:08:54,550 --> 01:08:54,560
they really did
 

01:08:54,560 --> 01:08:55,749
they really did
feverish

01:08:55,749 --> 01:08:55,759
feverish
 

01:08:55,759 --> 01:08:57,510
feverish
dehydrated

01:08:57,510 --> 01:08:57,520
dehydrated
 

01:08:57,520 --> 01:08:58,950
dehydrated
diarrhea

01:08:58,950 --> 01:08:58,960
diarrhea
 

01:08:58,960 --> 01:09:02,390
diarrhea
delirious it was not pleasant

01:09:02,390 --> 01:09:02,400
delirious it was not pleasant
 

01:09:02,400 --> 01:09:06,550
delirious it was not pleasant
it is not a kind disease

01:09:06,550 --> 01:09:06,560
 
 

01:09:06,560 --> 01:09:09,349
 
george graham survived a bout of typhoid

01:09:09,349 --> 01:09:09,359
george graham survived a bout of typhoid
 

01:09:09,359 --> 01:09:11,669
george graham survived a bout of typhoid
then called in taric and wrote home

01:09:11,669 --> 01:09:11,679
then called in taric and wrote home
 

01:09:11,679 --> 01:09:15,510
then called in taric and wrote home
about conditions in hospital

01:09:15,510 --> 01:09:15,520
 
 

01:09:15,520 --> 01:09:17,349
 
some of the men have great blowflies a

01:09:17,349 --> 01:09:17,359
some of the men have great blowflies a
 

01:09:17,359 --> 01:09:18,870
some of the men have great blowflies a
light upon them

01:09:18,870 --> 01:09:18,880
light upon them
 

01:09:18,880 --> 01:09:21,669
light upon them
and these rapidly turn into maggots

01:09:21,669 --> 01:09:21,679
and these rapidly turn into maggots
 

01:09:21,679 --> 01:09:23,590
and these rapidly turn into maggots
and one poor fella was unlikely to

01:09:23,590 --> 01:09:23,600
and one poor fella was unlikely to
 

01:09:23,600 --> 01:09:24,630
and one poor fella was unlikely to
recover

01:09:24,630 --> 01:09:24,640
recover
 

01:09:24,640 --> 01:09:26,709
recover
for he had nearly a pail full taken away

01:09:26,709 --> 01:09:26,719
for he had nearly a pail full taken away
 

01:09:26,719 --> 01:09:27,990
for he had nearly a pail full taken away
from him

01:09:27,990 --> 01:09:28,000
from him
 

01:09:28,000 --> 01:09:30,309
from him
they laid their eggs upon our blankets

01:09:30,309 --> 01:09:30,319
they laid their eggs upon our blankets
 

01:09:30,319 --> 01:09:34,630
they laid their eggs upon our blankets
and you can tell the rest

01:09:34,630 --> 01:09:34,640
 
 

01:09:34,640 --> 01:09:36,789
 
there were severe shortages

01:09:36,789 --> 01:09:36,799
there were severe shortages
 

01:09:36,799 --> 01:09:39,590
there were severe shortages
but general kitchener told one doctor

01:09:39,590 --> 01:09:39,600
but general kitchener told one doctor
 

01:09:39,600 --> 01:09:41,910
but general kitchener told one doctor
you want pills and i want bullets and

01:09:41,910 --> 01:09:41,920
you want pills and i want bullets and
 

01:09:41,920 --> 01:09:44,709
you want pills and i want bullets and
bullets come first

01:09:44,709 --> 01:09:44,719
bullets come first
 

01:09:44,719 --> 01:09:46,630
bullets come first
there was indifference at the top and

01:09:46,630 --> 01:09:46,640
there was indifference at the top and
 

01:09:46,640 --> 01:09:48,470
there was indifference at the top and
bureaucracy in the middle

01:09:48,470 --> 01:09:48,480
bureaucracy in the middle
 

01:09:48,480 --> 01:09:52,550
bureaucracy in the middle
so the men died

01:09:52,550 --> 01:09:52,560
 
 

01:09:52,560 --> 01:09:55,110
 
nurse kate driver worked in ladysmith

01:09:55,110 --> 01:09:55,120
nurse kate driver worked in ladysmith
 

01:09:55,120 --> 01:09:56,550
nurse kate driver worked in ladysmith
where the death toll reached four

01:09:56,550 --> 01:09:56,560
where the death toll reached four
 

01:09:56,560 --> 01:09:59,270
where the death toll reached four
hundred

01:09:59,270 --> 01:09:59,280
 
 

01:09:59,280 --> 01:10:02,630
 
he lay quietly in great pain oh my

01:10:02,630 --> 01:10:02,640
he lay quietly in great pain oh my
 

01:10:02,640 --> 01:10:05,590
he lay quietly in great pain oh my
little mercy i'm a goner he said

01:10:05,590 --> 01:10:05,600
little mercy i'm a goner he said
 

01:10:05,600 --> 01:10:08,149
little mercy i'm a goner he said
i could see too that he was a goner

01:10:08,149 --> 01:10:08,159
i could see too that he was a goner
 

01:10:08,159 --> 01:10:10,630
i could see too that he was a goner
i tried to persuade him otherwise and

01:10:10,630 --> 01:10:10,640
i tried to persuade him otherwise and
 

01:10:10,640 --> 01:10:13,910
i tried to persuade him otherwise and
tried to get knowledge of his relations

01:10:13,910 --> 01:10:13,920
tried to get knowledge of his relations
 

01:10:13,920 --> 01:10:15,830
tried to get knowledge of his relations
in case i kicked the bucket he said

01:10:15,830 --> 01:10:15,840
in case i kicked the bucket he said
 

01:10:15,840 --> 01:10:17,750
in case i kicked the bucket he said
looking at me

01:10:17,750 --> 01:10:17,760
looking at me
 

01:10:17,760 --> 01:10:23,669
looking at me
i could not tell him yes

01:10:23,669 --> 01:10:23,679
 
 

01:10:23,679 --> 01:10:25,430
 
two-thirds of the british soldiers who

01:10:25,430 --> 01:10:25,440
two-thirds of the british soldiers who
 

01:10:25,440 --> 01:10:27,910
two-thirds of the british soldiers who
lost their lives in the boer war

01:10:27,910 --> 01:10:27,920
lost their lives in the boer war
 

01:10:27,920 --> 01:10:34,520
lost their lives in the boer war
died not of wounds but disease

01:10:34,520 --> 01:10:34,530
 
 

01:10:34,530 --> 01:10:38,950
 
[Music]

01:10:38,950 --> 01:10:38,960
[Music]
 

01:10:38,960 --> 01:10:41,510
[Music]
four days after bloomfontaine fell

01:10:41,510 --> 01:10:41,520
four days after bloomfontaine fell
 

01:10:41,520 --> 01:10:43,590
four days after bloomfontaine fell
the boar leaders met to work out a new

01:10:43,590 --> 01:10:43,600
the boar leaders met to work out a new
 

01:10:43,600 --> 01:10:45,750
the boar leaders met to work out a new
way forward

01:10:45,750 --> 01:10:45,760
way forward
 

01:10:45,760 --> 01:10:47,830
way forward
the ideas of younger generals like

01:10:47,830 --> 01:10:47,840
the ideas of younger generals like
 

01:10:47,840 --> 01:10:50,709
the ideas of younger generals like
christian devette cousteau ray and louis

01:10:50,709 --> 01:10:50,719
christian devette cousteau ray and louis
 

01:10:50,719 --> 01:10:52,250
christian devette cousteau ray and louis
borta now emerged

01:10:52,250 --> 01:10:52,260
borta now emerged
 

01:10:52,260 --> 01:10:54,390
borta now emerged
[Music]

01:10:54,390 --> 01:10:54,400
[Music]
 

01:10:54,400 --> 01:10:56,229
[Music]
no more fighting the british head-on in

01:10:56,229 --> 01:10:56,239
no more fighting the british head-on in
 

01:10:56,239 --> 01:10:58,870
no more fighting the british head-on in
pitched battles

01:10:58,870 --> 01:10:58,880
pitched battles
 

01:10:58,880 --> 01:11:02,550
pitched battles
no more cumbersome baggage trains

01:11:02,550 --> 01:11:02,560
no more cumbersome baggage trains
 

01:11:02,560 --> 01:11:04,950
no more cumbersome baggage trains
the future lay in mobile units

01:11:04,950 --> 01:11:04,960
the future lay in mobile units
 

01:11:04,960 --> 01:11:07,510
the future lay in mobile units
raiding behind british lines

01:11:07,510 --> 01:11:07,520
raiding behind british lines
 

01:11:07,520 --> 01:11:10,229
raiding behind british lines
a guerrilla war

01:11:10,229 --> 01:11:10,239
a guerrilla war
 

01:11:10,239 --> 01:11:12,070
a guerrilla war
fresh life was breathed into the poor

01:11:12,070 --> 01:11:12,080
fresh life was breathed into the poor
 

01:11:12,080 --> 01:11:14,550
fresh life was breathed into the poor
struggle inspiring a new generation of

01:11:14,550 --> 01:11:14,560
struggle inspiring a new generation of
 

01:11:14,560 --> 01:11:21,750
struggle inspiring a new generation of
officers like marnie moritz

01:11:21,750 --> 01:11:21,760
 
 

01:11:21,760 --> 01:11:24,630
 
the general my father spoke most about

01:11:24,630 --> 01:11:24,640
the general my father spoke most about
 

01:11:24,640 --> 01:11:29,750
the general my father spoke most about
was

01:11:29,750 --> 01:11:29,760
 
 

01:11:29,760 --> 01:11:31,189
 
he always said to me

01:11:31,189 --> 01:11:31,199
he always said to me
 

01:11:31,199 --> 01:11:33,510
he always said to me
if i had to name a great warrior it

01:11:33,510 --> 01:11:33,520
if i had to name a great warrior it
 

01:11:33,520 --> 01:11:35,910
if i had to name a great warrior it
would be general de la ray

01:11:35,910 --> 01:11:35,920
would be general de la ray
 

01:11:35,920 --> 01:11:37,669
would be general de la ray
he used to go into battle with this

01:11:37,669 --> 01:11:37,679
he used to go into battle with this
 

01:11:37,679 --> 01:11:40,709
he used to go into battle with this
great nose hooked like an eagle speak

01:11:40,709 --> 01:11:40,719
great nose hooked like an eagle speak
 

01:11:40,719 --> 01:11:43,270
great nose hooked like an eagle speak
and his beard blowing in the wind

01:11:43,270 --> 01:11:43,280
and his beard blowing in the wind
 

01:11:43,280 --> 01:11:48,709
and his beard blowing in the wind
he could inspire any man to go to war

01:11:48,709 --> 01:11:48,719
 
 

01:11:48,719 --> 01:11:51,510
 
the trouble was disillusioned had been

01:11:51,510 --> 01:11:51,520
the trouble was disillusioned had been
 

01:11:51,520 --> 01:11:52,790
the trouble was disillusioned had been
drifting home

01:11:52,790 --> 01:11:52,800
drifting home
 

01:11:52,800 --> 01:11:55,350
drifting home
following the recent run of defeats

01:11:55,350 --> 01:11:55,360
following the recent run of defeats
 

01:11:55,360 --> 01:11:57,350
following the recent run of defeats
and many more accepted a british offer

01:11:57,350 --> 01:11:57,360
and many more accepted a british offer
 

01:11:57,360 --> 01:11:59,350
and many more accepted a british offer
of amnesty as long as they swore

01:11:59,350 --> 01:11:59,360
of amnesty as long as they swore
 

01:11:59,360 --> 01:12:01,189
of amnesty as long as they swore
allegiance to the crown and gave up

01:12:01,189 --> 01:12:01,199
allegiance to the crown and gave up
 

01:12:01,199 --> 01:12:04,229
allegiance to the crown and gave up
their weapons

01:12:04,229 --> 01:12:04,239
 
 

01:12:04,239 --> 01:12:07,030
 
johannes swanepool did just that and was

01:12:07,030 --> 01:12:07,040
johannes swanepool did just that and was
 

01:12:07,040 --> 01:12:08,470
johannes swanepool did just that and was
branded a traitor

01:12:08,470 --> 01:12:08,480
branded a traitor
 

01:12:08,480 --> 01:12:15,910
branded a traitor
or joiner as his nephew recalls

01:12:15,910 --> 01:12:15,920
 
 

01:12:15,920 --> 01:12:18,310
 
my uncle became a joiner and you can

01:12:18,310 --> 01:12:18,320
my uncle became a joiner and you can
 

01:12:18,320 --> 01:12:20,709
my uncle became a joiner and you can
understand it from his point of view

01:12:20,709 --> 01:12:20,719
understand it from his point of view
 

01:12:20,719 --> 01:12:22,550
understand it from his point of view
he saw they had no hope of winning the

01:12:22,550 --> 01:12:22,560
he saw they had no hope of winning the
 

01:12:22,560 --> 01:12:24,390
he saw they had no hope of winning the
war once the english had conquered our

01:12:24,390 --> 01:12:24,400
war once the english had conquered our
 

01:12:24,400 --> 01:12:26,870
war once the english had conquered our
capital bloomfield

01:12:26,870 --> 01:12:26,880
capital bloomfield
 

01:12:26,880 --> 01:12:29,430
capital bloomfield
he and others came to the conclusion

01:12:29,430 --> 01:12:29,440
he and others came to the conclusion
 

01:12:29,440 --> 01:12:31,830
he and others came to the conclusion
that it was time to end the war that's

01:12:31,830 --> 01:12:31,840
that it was time to end the war that's
 

01:12:31,840 --> 01:12:34,229
that it was time to end the war that's
why he became a joiner

01:12:34,229 --> 01:12:34,239
why he became a joiner
 

01:12:34,239 --> 01:12:36,870
why he became a joiner
he also wanted to return to his farm he

01:12:36,870 --> 01:12:36,880
he also wanted to return to his farm he
 

01:12:36,880 --> 01:12:41,590
he also wanted to return to his farm he
didn't want to fight anymore

01:12:41,590 --> 01:12:41,600
 
 

01:12:41,600 --> 01:12:43,910
 
general david realized he had to sort

01:12:43,910 --> 01:12:43,920
general david realized he had to sort
 

01:12:43,920 --> 01:12:45,990
general david realized he had to sort
out the committed from the waivers in

01:12:45,990 --> 01:12:46,000
out the committed from the waivers in
 

01:12:46,000 --> 01:12:48,550
out the committed from the waivers in
his ranks

01:12:48,550 --> 01:12:48,560
his ranks
 

01:12:48,560 --> 01:13:02,229
his ranks
the vets

01:13:02,229 --> 01:13:02,239
 
 

01:13:02,239 --> 01:13:04,310
 
only the ones who really wanted to fight

01:13:04,310 --> 01:13:04,320
only the ones who really wanted to fight
 

01:13:04,320 --> 01:13:06,790
only the ones who really wanted to fight
would return

01:13:06,790 --> 01:13:06,800
would return
 

01:13:06,800 --> 01:13:08,470
would return
to 500 and that was precisely what

01:13:08,470 --> 01:13:08,480
to 500 and that was precisely what
 

01:13:08,480 --> 01:13:10,870
to 500 and that was precisely what
happened

01:13:10,870 --> 01:13:10,880
 
 

01:13:10,880 --> 01:13:12,790
 
on the 25th of march the vet was

01:13:12,790 --> 01:13:12,800
on the 25th of march the vet was
 

01:13:12,800 --> 01:13:14,870
on the 25th of march the vet was
rejoined by a group of burgers with the

01:13:14,870 --> 01:13:14,880
rejoined by a group of burgers with the
 

01:13:14,880 --> 01:13:26,229
rejoined by a group of burgers with the
real courage to go home

01:13:26,229 --> 01:13:26,239
 
 

01:13:26,239 --> 01:13:28,149
 
who aren't interested in defending their

01:13:28,149 --> 01:13:28,159
who aren't interested in defending their
 

01:13:28,159 --> 01:13:42,380
who aren't interested in defending their
own freedoms

01:13:42,380 --> 01:13:42,390
 
 

01:13:42,390 --> 01:13:47,189
 
[Music]

01:13:47,189 --> 01:13:47,199
 
 

01:13:47,199 --> 01:13:50,630
 
on the 24th of april 1900 hms powerful

01:13:50,630 --> 01:13:50,640
on the 24th of april 1900 hms powerful
 

01:13:50,640 --> 01:13:52,310
on the 24th of april 1900 hms powerful
brought the survivors of the lady smith

01:13:52,310 --> 01:13:52,320
brought the survivors of the lady smith
 

01:13:52,320 --> 01:13:58,470
brought the survivors of the lady smith
siege home to a hero's welcome

01:13:58,470 --> 01:13:58,480
 
 

01:13:58,480 --> 01:14:01,510
 
as these various places were relieved

01:14:01,510 --> 01:14:01,520
as these various places were relieved
 

01:14:01,520 --> 01:14:03,510
as these various places were relieved
there was a great response of the people

01:14:03,510 --> 01:14:03,520
there was a great response of the people
 

01:14:03,520 --> 01:14:05,910
there was a great response of the people
here but i think most of all it was when

01:14:05,910 --> 01:14:05,920
here but i think most of all it was when
 

01:14:05,920 --> 01:14:08,550
here but i think most of all it was when
we came to the final one of mafikin

01:14:08,550 --> 01:14:08,560
we came to the final one of mafikin
 

01:14:08,560 --> 01:14:11,030
we came to the final one of mafikin
when there was a tremendous outcry of

01:14:11,030 --> 01:14:11,040
when there was a tremendous outcry of
 

01:14:11,040 --> 01:14:13,430
when there was a tremendous outcry of
joy amongst the people there

01:14:13,430 --> 01:14:13,440
joy amongst the people there
 

01:14:13,440 --> 01:14:15,990
joy amongst the people there
early from african oh that was a happy

01:14:15,990 --> 01:14:16,000
early from african oh that was a happy
 

01:14:16,000 --> 01:14:18,950
early from african oh that was a happy
night in glasgow my mother said the

01:14:18,950 --> 01:14:18,960
night in glasgow my mother said the
 

01:14:18,960 --> 01:14:20,790
night in glasgow my mother said the
whole theater then that night just

01:14:20,790 --> 01:14:20,800
whole theater then that night just
 

01:14:20,800 --> 01:14:23,350
whole theater then that night just
emptied at once and these everybody run

01:14:23,350 --> 01:14:23,360
emptied at once and these everybody run
 

01:14:23,360 --> 01:14:27,189
emptied at once and these everybody run
to the public house for a drink

01:14:27,189 --> 01:14:27,199
 
 

01:14:27,199 --> 01:14:29,350
 
they were that happy to know that that

01:14:29,350 --> 01:14:29,360
they were that happy to know that that
 

01:14:29,360 --> 01:14:31,669
they were that happy to know that that
there would be some men come home from

01:14:31,669 --> 01:14:31,679
there would be some men come home from
 

01:14:31,679 --> 01:14:33,669
there would be some men come home from
mafikan

01:14:33,669 --> 01:14:33,679
mafikan
 

01:14:33,679 --> 01:14:37,030
mafikan
it was a time of very great rejoicing

01:14:37,030 --> 01:14:37,040
it was a time of very great rejoicing
 

01:14:37,040 --> 01:14:42,390
it was a time of very great rejoicing
and we thought we'd turn the corner then

01:14:42,390 --> 01:14:42,400
 
 

01:14:42,400 --> 01:14:44,070
 
the british army now rolled into the

01:14:44,070 --> 01:14:44,080
the british army now rolled into the
 

01:14:44,080 --> 01:14:45,590
the british army now rolled into the
transvaal

01:14:45,590 --> 01:14:45,600
transvaal
 

01:14:45,600 --> 01:14:47,750
transvaal
beckoned by its twin prizes

01:14:47,750 --> 01:14:47,760
beckoned by its twin prizes
 

01:14:47,760 --> 01:14:50,070
beckoned by its twin prizes
the capital pretoria and the gold mines

01:14:50,070 --> 01:14:50,080
the capital pretoria and the gold mines
 

01:14:50,080 --> 01:14:52,630
the capital pretoria and the gold mines
of johannesburg

01:14:52,630 --> 01:14:52,640
of johannesburg
 

01:14:52,640 --> 01:14:55,110
of johannesburg
crossing 300 miles of felt was tough on

01:14:55,110 --> 01:14:55,120
crossing 300 miles of felt was tough on
 

01:14:55,120 --> 01:14:57,750
crossing 300 miles of felt was tough on
men and their mouths

01:14:57,750 --> 01:14:57,760
men and their mouths
 

01:14:57,760 --> 01:15:00,470
men and their mouths
but the infantrymen or tommy's had the

01:15:00,470 --> 01:15:00,480
but the infantrymen or tommy's had the
 

01:15:00,480 --> 01:15:03,110
but the infantrymen or tommy's had the
worst of it

01:15:03,110 --> 01:15:03,120
 
 

01:15:03,120 --> 01:15:04,229
 
kipling

01:15:04,229 --> 01:15:04,239
kipling
 

01:15:04,239 --> 01:15:07,430
kipling
uh brought out a poem and that had

01:15:07,430 --> 01:15:07,440
uh brought out a poem and that had
 

01:15:07,440 --> 01:15:09,830
uh brought out a poem and that had
particular reference to the marching and

01:15:09,830 --> 01:15:09,840
particular reference to the marching and
 

01:15:09,840 --> 01:15:12,470
particular reference to the marching and
you came on the lines of boots boats

01:15:12,470 --> 01:15:12,480
you came on the lines of boots boats
 

01:15:12,480 --> 01:15:15,270
you came on the lines of boots boats
boots boots moving up and down again

01:15:15,270 --> 01:15:15,280
boots boots moving up and down again
 

01:15:15,280 --> 01:15:21,530
boots boots moving up and down again
there's no discharge in the wall

01:15:21,530 --> 01:15:21,540
 
 

01:15:21,540 --> 01:15:37,669
 
[Music]

01:15:37,669 --> 01:15:37,679
 
 

01:15:37,679 --> 01:15:39,590
 
the ordinary soldiers won the respective

01:15:39,590 --> 01:15:39,600
the ordinary soldiers won the respective
 

01:15:39,600 --> 01:15:43,270
the ordinary soldiers won the respective
officers like captain march phillips

01:15:43,270 --> 01:15:43,280
officers like captain march phillips
 

01:15:43,280 --> 01:15:45,590
officers like captain march phillips
sit down by this group of tommies by the

01:15:45,590 --> 01:15:45,600
sit down by this group of tommies by the
 

01:15:45,600 --> 01:15:49,270
sit down by this group of tommies by the
waterhole in the midday halt

01:15:49,270 --> 01:15:49,280
waterhole in the midday halt
 

01:15:49,280 --> 01:15:53,590
waterhole in the midday halt
they're tired and hungry

01:15:53,590 --> 01:15:53,600
 
 

01:15:53,600 --> 01:15:56,070
 
you thought you were roughing it

01:15:56,070 --> 01:15:56,080
you thought you were roughing it
 

01:15:56,080 --> 01:15:58,229
you thought you were roughing it
but look at these men

01:15:58,229 --> 01:15:58,239
but look at these men
 

01:15:58,239 --> 01:16:11,950
but look at these men
look at their unaffected cheeriness

01:16:11,950 --> 01:16:11,960
 
 

01:16:11,960 --> 01:16:13,430
 
[Music]

01:16:13,430 --> 01:16:13,440
[Music]
 

01:16:13,440 --> 01:16:16,120
[Music]
up and down again

01:16:16,120 --> 01:16:16,130
up and down again
 

01:16:16,130 --> 01:16:20,070
up and down again
[Music]

01:16:20,070 --> 01:16:20,080
 
 

01:16:20,080 --> 01:16:21,590
 
the british army

01:16:21,590 --> 01:16:21,600
the british army
 

01:16:21,600 --> 01:16:24,070
the british army
like a plague of locusts left a trail of

01:16:24,070 --> 01:16:24,080
like a plague of locusts left a trail of
 

01:16:24,080 --> 01:16:29,270
like a plague of locusts left a trail of
devastation across south africa

01:16:29,270 --> 01:16:29,280
 
 

01:16:29,280 --> 01:16:31,590
 
on one level it was a simple case of

01:16:31,590 --> 01:16:31,600
on one level it was a simple case of
 

01:16:31,600 --> 01:16:34,390
on one level it was a simple case of
hungry troops coming across well-stocked

01:16:34,390 --> 01:16:34,400
hungry troops coming across well-stocked
 

01:16:34,400 --> 01:16:37,430
hungry troops coming across well-stocked
farmhouses

01:16:37,430 --> 01:16:37,440
 
 

01:16:37,440 --> 01:16:39,990
 
if they went into a farm and the farm

01:16:39,990 --> 01:16:40,000
if they went into a farm and the farm
 

01:16:40,000 --> 01:16:41,830
if they went into a farm and the farm
was empty things like there was chickens

01:16:41,830 --> 01:16:41,840
was empty things like there was chickens
 

01:16:41,840 --> 01:16:44,070
was empty things like there was chickens
and ducks and animals and things round

01:16:44,070 --> 01:16:44,080
and ducks and animals and things round
 

01:16:44,080 --> 01:16:45,430
and ducks and animals and things round
about and then they would help

01:16:45,430 --> 01:16:45,440
about and then they would help
 

01:16:45,440 --> 01:16:47,189
about and then they would help
themselves to that

01:16:47,189 --> 01:16:47,199
themselves to that
 

01:16:47,199 --> 01:16:48,390
themselves to that
but there was nobody else to help

01:16:48,390 --> 01:16:48,400
but there was nobody else to help
 

01:16:48,400 --> 01:16:49,669
but there was nobody else to help
themselves to that i mean if they didn't

01:16:49,669 --> 01:16:49,679
themselves to that i mean if they didn't
 

01:16:49,679 --> 01:16:51,590
themselves to that i mean if they didn't
somebody else would have it and it

01:16:51,590 --> 01:16:51,600
somebody else would have it and it
 

01:16:51,600 --> 01:16:53,270
somebody else would have it and it
wasn't just the officers it was i mean

01:16:53,270 --> 01:16:53,280
wasn't just the officers it was i mean
 

01:16:53,280 --> 01:16:55,750
wasn't just the officers it was i mean
everybody

01:16:55,750 --> 01:16:55,760
everybody
 

01:16:55,760 --> 01:16:58,310
everybody
but it went beyond stealing poultry as

01:16:58,310 --> 01:16:58,320
but it went beyond stealing poultry as
 

01:16:58,320 --> 01:17:02,070
but it went beyond stealing poultry as
captain phillips observed

01:17:02,070 --> 01:17:02,080
captain phillips observed
 

01:17:02,080 --> 01:17:05,830
captain phillips observed
looting is one of tommy's perpetual joys

01:17:05,830 --> 01:17:05,840
looting is one of tommy's perpetual joys
 

01:17:05,840 --> 01:17:07,990
looting is one of tommy's perpetual joys
not merely looting for profit

01:17:07,990 --> 01:17:08,000
not merely looting for profit
 

01:17:08,000 --> 01:17:09,510
not merely looting for profit
though i have seen tommy's take

01:17:09,510 --> 01:17:09,520
though i have seen tommy's take
 

01:17:09,520 --> 01:17:11,990
though i have seen tommy's take
possession of the most ridiculous things

01:17:11,990 --> 01:17:12,000
possession of the most ridiculous things
 

01:17:12,000 --> 01:17:14,229
possession of the most ridiculous things
with a vague idea of carting them home

01:17:14,229 --> 01:17:14,239
with a vague idea of carting them home
 

01:17:14,239 --> 01:17:15,590
with a vague idea of carting them home
somehow

01:17:15,590 --> 01:17:15,600
somehow
 

01:17:15,600 --> 01:17:17,430
somehow
but looting for the sheer fun of the

01:17:17,430 --> 01:17:17,440
but looting for the sheer fun of the
 

01:17:17,440 --> 01:17:20,390
but looting for the sheer fun of the
destruction

01:17:20,390 --> 01:17:20,400
 
 

01:17:20,400 --> 01:17:23,750
 
from early 1900s they burned farmhouses

01:17:23,750 --> 01:17:23,760
from early 1900s they burned farmhouses
 

01:17:23,760 --> 01:17:25,750
from early 1900s they burned farmhouses
particularly those owned by fighting

01:17:25,750 --> 01:17:25,760
particularly those owned by fighting
 

01:17:25,760 --> 01:17:27,510
particularly those owned by fighting
boars

01:17:27,510 --> 01:17:27,520
boars
 

01:17:27,520 --> 01:17:29,830
boars
lord roberts of kandahar was not unduly

01:17:29,830 --> 01:17:29,840
lord roberts of kandahar was not unduly
 

01:17:29,840 --> 01:17:32,950
lord roberts of kandahar was not unduly
concerned about this kind of behavior

01:17:32,950 --> 01:17:32,960
concerned about this kind of behavior
 

01:17:32,960 --> 01:17:34,790
concerned about this kind of behavior
people who are fighting against us

01:17:34,790 --> 01:17:34,800
people who are fighting against us
 

01:17:34,800 --> 01:17:36,470
people who are fighting against us
cannot expect that their property will

01:17:36,470 --> 01:17:36,480
cannot expect that their property will
 

01:17:36,480 --> 01:17:41,830
cannot expect that their property will
be altogether respected

01:17:41,830 --> 01:17:41,840
 
 

01:17:41,840 --> 01:17:43,910
 
scorched earth and reprisals were

01:17:43,910 --> 01:17:43,920
scorched earth and reprisals were
 

01:17:43,920 --> 01:17:47,510
scorched earth and reprisals were
standard weapons of colonial warfare

01:17:47,510 --> 01:17:47,520
standard weapons of colonial warfare
 

01:17:47,520 --> 01:17:49,750
standard weapons of colonial warfare
in recent british conflicts commanded by

01:17:49,750 --> 01:17:49,760
in recent british conflicts commanded by
 

01:17:49,760 --> 01:17:52,149
in recent british conflicts commanded by
lord roberts and lord kitchener afghan

01:17:52,149 --> 01:17:52,159
lord roberts and lord kitchener afghan
 

01:17:52,159 --> 01:17:53,910
lord roberts and lord kitchener afghan
villages had been burned

01:17:53,910 --> 01:17:53,920
villages had been burned
 

01:17:53,920 --> 01:17:55,830
villages had been burned
the sudan plundered

01:17:55,830 --> 01:17:55,840
the sudan plundered
 

01:17:55,840 --> 01:17:58,790
the sudan plundered
people starved into submission

01:17:58,790 --> 01:17:58,800
people starved into submission
 

01:17:58,800 --> 01:18:00,470
people starved into submission
the british started to treat the boers

01:18:00,470 --> 01:18:00,480
the british started to treat the boers
 

01:18:00,480 --> 01:18:02,870
the british started to treat the boers
as just another kind of savage tribesmen

01:18:02,870 --> 01:18:02,880
as just another kind of savage tribesmen
 

01:18:02,880 --> 01:18:07,030
as just another kind of savage tribesmen
to be brought to heal

01:18:07,030 --> 01:18:07,040
 
 

01:18:07,040 --> 01:18:08,790
 
[Music]

01:18:08,790 --> 01:18:08,800
[Music]
 

01:18:08,800 --> 01:18:11,430
[Music]
on the fifth of june 1900 the british

01:18:11,430 --> 01:18:11,440
on the fifth of june 1900 the british
 

01:18:11,440 --> 01:18:13,830
on the fifth of june 1900 the british
moved unopposed into pretoria

01:18:13,830 --> 01:18:13,840
moved unopposed into pretoria
 

01:18:13,840 --> 01:18:15,700
moved unopposed into pretoria
capital of the transvaal

01:18:15,700 --> 01:18:15,710
capital of the transvaal
 

01:18:15,710 --> 01:18:19,430
capital of the transvaal
[Music]

01:18:19,430 --> 01:18:19,440
 
 

01:18:19,440 --> 01:18:21,590
 
amid the rejoicing captain march

01:18:21,590 --> 01:18:21,600
amid the rejoicing captain march
 

01:18:21,600 --> 01:18:24,229
amid the rejoicing captain march
phillips smelt a rat

01:18:24,229 --> 01:18:24,239
phillips smelt a rat
 

01:18:24,239 --> 01:18:26,390
phillips smelt a rat
it is generally considered rather a coup

01:18:26,390 --> 01:18:26,400
it is generally considered rather a coup
 

01:18:26,400 --> 01:18:28,709
it is generally considered rather a coup
in war i believe to take the enemy's

01:18:28,709 --> 01:18:28,719
in war i believe to take the enemy's
 

01:18:28,719 --> 01:18:30,630
in war i believe to take the enemy's
capital isn't it

01:18:30,630 --> 01:18:30,640
capital isn't it
 

01:18:30,640 --> 01:18:33,030
capital isn't it
we keep on taking capitals but i can't

01:18:33,030 --> 01:18:33,040
we keep on taking capitals but i can't
 

01:18:33,040 --> 01:18:35,030
we keep on taking capitals but i can't
say it seems to make much difference

01:18:35,030 --> 01:18:35,040
say it seems to make much difference
 

01:18:35,040 --> 01:18:37,030
say it seems to make much difference
the boers go on fighting after their

01:18:37,030 --> 01:18:37,040
the boers go on fighting after their
 

01:18:37,040 --> 01:18:41,830
the boers go on fighting after their
loss just as if nothing had happened

01:18:41,830 --> 01:18:41,840
 
 

01:18:41,840 --> 01:18:43,990
 
indeed roberts made it easier for the

01:18:43,990 --> 01:18:44,000
indeed roberts made it easier for the
 

01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:46,310
indeed roberts made it easier for the
boers to carry on by giving their army

01:18:46,310 --> 01:18:46,320
boers to carry on by giving their army
 

01:18:46,320 --> 01:18:49,030
boers to carry on by giving their army
24 hours to get clear if the boers left

01:18:49,030 --> 01:18:49,040
24 hours to get clear if the boers left
 

01:18:49,040 --> 01:18:52,229
24 hours to get clear if the boers left
the johannesburg gold mines intact

01:18:52,229 --> 01:18:52,239
the johannesburg gold mines intact
 

01:18:52,239 --> 01:18:54,790
the johannesburg gold mines intact
so the boers escaped ticking the last

01:18:54,790 --> 01:18:54,800
so the boers escaped ticking the last
 

01:18:54,800 --> 01:19:00,149
so the boers escaped ticking the last
boxes of gold mined on the ram

01:19:00,149 --> 01:19:00,159
 
 

01:19:00,159 --> 01:19:02,390
 
punch magazine showed paul kruger

01:19:02,390 --> 01:19:02,400
punch magazine showed paul kruger
 

01:19:02,400 --> 01:19:04,310
punch magazine showed paul kruger
fleeing from pretoria with a fortune in

01:19:04,310 --> 01:19:04,320
fleeing from pretoria with a fortune in
 

01:19:04,320 --> 01:19:06,310
fleeing from pretoria with a fortune in
his saddlebag

01:19:06,310 --> 01:19:06,320
his saddlebag
 

01:19:06,320 --> 01:19:08,630
his saddlebag
rumors about kruger's gold persist to

01:19:08,630 --> 01:19:08,640
rumors about kruger's gold persist to
 

01:19:08,640 --> 01:19:12,550
rumors about kruger's gold persist to
the present day

01:19:12,550 --> 01:19:12,560
 
 

01:19:12,560 --> 01:19:15,110
 
the british wanted our gold and land

01:19:15,110 --> 01:19:15,120
the british wanted our gold and land
 

01:19:15,120 --> 01:19:19,110
the british wanted our gold and land
and paul's money

01:19:19,110 --> 01:19:19,120
 
 

01:19:19,120 --> 01:19:20,550
 
he went off with it

01:19:20,550 --> 01:19:20,560
he went off with it
 

01:19:20,560 --> 01:19:34,709
he went off with it
i know where

01:19:34,709 --> 01:19:34,719
 
 

01:19:34,719 --> 01:19:36,310
 
retreated into the mountains of the

01:19:36,310 --> 01:19:36,320
retreated into the mountains of the
 

01:19:36,320 --> 01:19:38,310
retreated into the mountains of the
eastern transvaal

01:19:38,310 --> 01:19:38,320
eastern transvaal
 

01:19:38,320 --> 01:19:40,310
eastern transvaal
fighting a series of rearguard actions

01:19:40,310 --> 01:19:40,320
fighting a series of rearguard actions
 

01:19:40,320 --> 01:19:46,390
fighting a series of rearguard actions
against the advancing british

01:19:46,390 --> 01:19:46,400
 
 

01:19:46,400 --> 01:19:48,870
 
kruger was spirited over the border into

01:19:48,870 --> 01:19:48,880
kruger was spirited over the border into
 

01:19:48,880 --> 01:19:51,740
kruger was spirited over the border into
portuguese east africa and safety

01:19:51,740 --> 01:19:51,750
portuguese east africa and safety
 

01:19:51,750 --> 01:19:57,350
portuguese east africa and safety
[Music]

01:19:57,350 --> 01:19:57,360
 
 

01:19:57,360 --> 01:19:59,350
 
he next showed up on a whistle-stop tour

01:19:59,350 --> 01:19:59,360
he next showed up on a whistle-stop tour
 

01:19:59,360 --> 01:20:01,510
he next showed up on a whistle-stop tour
of european capital cities

01:20:01,510 --> 01:20:01,520
of european capital cities
 

01:20:01,520 --> 01:20:07,669
of european capital cities
drumming up moral support for the boers

01:20:07,669 --> 01:20:07,679
 
 

01:20:07,679 --> 01:20:09,669
 
the interference

01:20:09,669 --> 01:20:09,679
the interference
 

01:20:09,679 --> 01:20:11,990
the interference
the intervention they wanted was

01:20:11,990 --> 01:20:12,000
the intervention they wanted was
 

01:20:12,000 --> 01:20:13,750
the intervention they wanted was
we're not asking for military aid from

01:20:13,750 --> 01:20:13,760
we're not asking for military aid from
 

01:20:13,760 --> 01:20:16,950
we're not asking for military aid from
france or germany or anywhere

01:20:16,950 --> 01:20:16,960
france or germany or anywhere
 

01:20:16,960 --> 01:20:18,629
france or germany or anywhere
we just want you to send britain a

01:20:18,629 --> 01:20:18,639
we just want you to send britain a
 

01:20:18,639 --> 01:20:20,790
we just want you to send britain a
diplomatic note saying

01:20:20,790 --> 01:20:20,800
diplomatic note saying
 

01:20:20,800 --> 01:20:22,390
diplomatic note saying
please give this bunch of booze their

01:20:22,390 --> 01:20:22,400
please give this bunch of booze their
 

01:20:22,400 --> 01:20:24,229
please give this bunch of booze their
freedom back that's what they really

01:20:24,229 --> 01:20:24,239
freedom back that's what they really
 

01:20:24,239 --> 01:20:29,430
freedom back that's what they really
want

01:20:29,430 --> 01:20:29,440
 
 

01:20:29,440 --> 01:20:31,270
 
kruger got little more than cheers and

01:20:31,270 --> 01:20:31,280
kruger got little more than cheers and
 

01:20:31,280 --> 01:20:34,709
kruger got little more than cheers and
sympathy

01:20:34,709 --> 01:20:34,719
 
 

01:20:34,719 --> 01:20:36,470
 
but the boar cause was seen as

01:20:36,470 --> 01:20:36,480
but the boar cause was seen as
 

01:20:36,480 --> 01:20:39,350
but the boar cause was seen as
increasingly fashionable in europe

01:20:39,350 --> 01:20:39,360
increasingly fashionable in europe
 

01:20:39,360 --> 01:20:41,750
increasingly fashionable in europe
images of brave bores were used to sell

01:20:41,750 --> 01:20:41,760
images of brave bores were used to sell
 

01:20:41,760 --> 01:20:43,189
images of brave bores were used to sell
meat sauce

01:20:43,189 --> 01:20:43,199
meat sauce
 

01:20:43,199 --> 01:20:44,310
meat sauce
underwear

01:20:44,310 --> 01:20:44,320
underwear
 

01:20:44,320 --> 01:20:45,590
underwear
fizzy water

01:20:45,590 --> 01:20:45,600
fizzy water
 

01:20:45,600 --> 01:20:46,410
fizzy water
coco

01:20:46,410 --> 01:20:46,420
coco
 

01:20:46,420 --> 01:20:51,910
coco
[Music]

01:20:51,910 --> 01:20:51,920
[Music]
 

01:20:51,920 --> 01:20:54,790
[Music]
by mid 1900 some boers were fighting a

01:20:54,790 --> 01:20:54,800
by mid 1900 some boers were fighting a
 

01:20:54,800 --> 01:20:58,709
by mid 1900 some boers were fighting a
guerrilla war

01:20:58,709 --> 01:20:58,719
 
 

01:20:58,719 --> 01:21:00,470
 
christian duvet destroyed lines of

01:21:00,470 --> 01:21:00,480
christian duvet destroyed lines of
 

01:21:00,480 --> 01:21:01,910
christian duvet destroyed lines of
communication

01:21:01,910 --> 01:21:01,920
communication
 

01:21:01,920 --> 01:21:04,310
communication
hit british columns then escaped into

01:21:04,310 --> 01:21:04,320
hit british columns then escaped into
 

01:21:04,320 --> 01:21:06,629
hit british columns then escaped into
thin air

01:21:06,629 --> 01:21:06,639
thin air
 

01:21:06,639 --> 01:21:08,149
thin air
he frustrated the british in south

01:21:08,149 --> 01:21:08,159
he frustrated the british in south
 

01:21:08,159 --> 01:21:14,070
he frustrated the british in south
africa and fascinated them at home

01:21:14,070 --> 01:21:14,080
 
 

01:21:14,080 --> 01:21:15,750
 
school boys in england collected

01:21:15,750 --> 01:21:15,760
school boys in england collected
 

01:21:15,760 --> 01:21:18,550
school boys in england collected
cigarette cards of the boar commandants

01:21:18,550 --> 01:21:18,560
cigarette cards of the boar commandants
 

01:21:18,560 --> 01:21:21,510
cigarette cards of the boar commandants
they prized one above all others

01:21:21,510 --> 01:21:21,520
they prized one above all others
 

01:21:21,520 --> 01:21:24,310
they prized one above all others
to wet to my mind was a a flyby night

01:21:24,310 --> 01:21:24,320
to wet to my mind was a a flyby night
 

01:21:24,320 --> 01:21:26,550
to wet to my mind was a a flyby night
type of fear and for that reason young

01:21:26,550 --> 01:21:26,560
type of fear and for that reason young
 

01:21:26,560 --> 01:21:28,550
type of fear and for that reason young
as i was i admired him although he was

01:21:28,550 --> 01:21:28,560
as i was i admired him although he was
 

01:21:28,560 --> 01:21:29,910
as i was i admired him although he was
an enemy

01:21:29,910 --> 01:21:29,920
an enemy
 

01:21:29,920 --> 01:21:32,229
an enemy
and as i say he flinched from place to

01:21:32,229 --> 01:21:32,239
and as i say he flinched from place to
 

01:21:32,239 --> 01:21:33,350
and as i say he flinched from place to
place

01:21:33,350 --> 01:21:33,360
place
 

01:21:33,360 --> 01:21:35,910
place
causing damage to our troops in a way

01:21:35,910 --> 01:21:35,920
causing damage to our troops in a way
 

01:21:35,920 --> 01:21:40,160
causing damage to our troops in a way
before we could retaliate

01:21:40,160 --> 01:21:40,170
 
 

01:21:40,170 --> 01:21:47,189
 
[Music]

01:21:47,189 --> 01:21:47,199
 
 

01:21:47,199 --> 01:22:09,350
 
shot on a hillside in lancashire

01:22:09,350 --> 01:22:09,360
 
 

01:22:09,360 --> 01:22:10,950
 
david found himself trapped in the

01:22:10,950 --> 01:22:10,960
david found himself trapped in the
 

01:22:10,960 --> 01:22:15,110
david found himself trapped in the
transvaal with 250 men

01:22:15,110 --> 01:22:15,120
transvaal with 250 men
 

01:22:15,120 --> 01:22:17,510
transvaal with 250 men
behind him the british in full pursuit

01:22:17,510 --> 01:22:17,520
behind him the british in full pursuit
 

01:22:17,520 --> 01:22:19,750
behind him the british in full pursuit
across this plane

01:22:19,750 --> 01:22:19,760
across this plane
 

01:22:19,760 --> 01:22:21,669
across this plane
in front of him the mahalisburg

01:22:21,669 --> 01:22:21,679
in front of him the mahalisburg
 

01:22:21,679 --> 01:22:24,070
in front of him the mahalisburg
mountains a barrier of rock between

01:22:24,070 --> 01:22:24,080
mountains a barrier of rock between
 

01:22:24,080 --> 01:22:27,669
mountains a barrier of rock between
defect and freedom

01:22:27,669 --> 01:22:27,679
 
 

01:22:27,679 --> 01:22:29,430
 
well here we are on the terrain where

01:22:29,430 --> 01:22:29,440
well here we are on the terrain where
 

01:22:29,440 --> 01:22:31,030
well here we are on the terrain where
general david performed one of his most

01:22:31,030 --> 01:22:31,040
general david performed one of his most
 

01:22:31,040 --> 01:22:33,910
general david performed one of his most
famous escapes during the world war

01:22:33,910 --> 01:22:33,920
famous escapes during the world war
 

01:22:33,920 --> 01:22:36,470
famous escapes during the world war
it was the 21st of august 1900 and it's

01:22:36,470 --> 01:22:36,480
it was the 21st of august 1900 and it's
 

01:22:36,480 --> 01:22:38,629
it was the 21st of august 1900 and it's
not too far away from historians france

01:22:38,629 --> 01:22:38,639
not too far away from historians france
 

01:22:38,639 --> 01:22:41,590
not too far away from historians france
johan pretorius and ian copley pick up

01:22:41,590 --> 01:22:41,600
johan pretorius and ian copley pick up
 

01:22:41,600 --> 01:22:43,669
johan pretorius and ian copley pick up
david's trail at the deceptively easy

01:22:43,669 --> 01:22:43,679
david's trail at the deceptively easy
 

01:22:43,679 --> 01:22:45,110
david's trail at the deceptively easy
foot of the slope

01:22:45,110 --> 01:22:45,120
foot of the slope
 

01:22:45,120 --> 01:22:48,950
foot of the slope
where the vet performed this escape

01:22:48,950 --> 01:22:48,960
where the vet performed this escape
 

01:22:48,960 --> 01:22:51,110
where the vet performed this escape
they take two horses with them

01:22:51,110 --> 01:22:51,120
they take two horses with them
 

01:22:51,120 --> 01:22:53,430
they take two horses with them
a century ago de vet and his men had

01:22:53,430 --> 01:22:53,440
a century ago de vet and his men had
 

01:22:53,440 --> 01:22:56,229
a century ago de vet and his men had
250.

01:22:56,229 --> 01:22:56,239
250.
 

01:22:56,239 --> 01:22:57,669
250.
the only way out

01:22:57,669 --> 01:22:57,679
the only way out
 

01:22:57,679 --> 01:22:59,669
the only way out
was to go over the mountains so de vet

01:22:59,669 --> 01:22:59,679
was to go over the mountains so de vet
 

01:22:59,679 --> 01:23:01,430
was to go over the mountains so de vet
approached an african and this was one

01:23:01,430 --> 01:23:01,440
approached an african and this was one
 

01:23:01,440 --> 01:23:03,189
approached an african and this was one
of the most famous conversations of the

01:23:03,189 --> 01:23:03,199
of the most famous conversations of the
 

01:23:03,199 --> 01:23:05,510
of the most famous conversations of the
anglo world war and he said to him

01:23:05,510 --> 01:23:05,520
anglo world war and he said to him
 

01:23:05,520 --> 01:23:07,669
anglo world war and he said to him
is there a path over here the man said

01:23:07,669 --> 01:23:07,679
is there a path over here the man said
 

01:23:07,679 --> 01:23:10,709
is there a path over here the man said
no master there's no path he said but

01:23:10,709 --> 01:23:10,719
no master there's no path he said but
 

01:23:10,719 --> 01:23:13,990
no master there's no path he said but
people gone here before he said long ago

01:23:13,990 --> 01:23:14,000
people gone here before he said long ago
 

01:23:14,000 --> 01:23:16,390
people gone here before he said long ago
and the vet asked him but is it the road

01:23:16,390 --> 01:23:16,400
and the vet asked him but is it the road
 

01:23:16,400 --> 01:23:18,310
and the vet asked him but is it the road
the path of the baboons

01:23:18,310 --> 01:23:18,320
the path of the baboons
 

01:23:18,320 --> 01:23:20,470
the path of the baboons
the man said yes for boons but not

01:23:20,470 --> 01:23:20,480
the man said yes for boons but not
 

01:23:20,480 --> 01:23:21,430
the man said yes for boons but not
people

01:23:21,430 --> 01:23:21,440
people
 

01:23:21,440 --> 01:23:24,550
people
and david said to his men come on men

01:23:24,550 --> 01:23:24,560
and david said to his men come on men
 

01:23:24,560 --> 01:23:27,430
and david said to his men come on men
where baboons can pass we can pass too

01:23:27,430 --> 01:23:27,440
where baboons can pass we can pass too
 

01:23:27,440 --> 01:23:29,990
where baboons can pass we can pass too
we've got to force otherwise we'll be

01:23:29,990 --> 01:23:30,000
we've got to force otherwise we'll be
 

01:23:30,000 --> 01:23:37,270
we've got to force otherwise we'll be
caught

01:23:37,270 --> 01:23:37,280
 
 

01:23:37,280 --> 01:23:39,510
 
devette gave his horses their last drink

01:23:39,510 --> 01:23:39,520
devette gave his horses their last drink
 

01:23:39,520 --> 01:23:40,870
devette gave his horses their last drink
here

01:23:40,870 --> 01:23:40,880
here
 

01:23:40,880 --> 01:23:42,629
here
there is no more water until the far

01:23:42,629 --> 01:23:42,639
there is no more water until the far
 

01:23:42,639 --> 01:23:45,830
there is no more water until the far
side of the mountain

01:23:45,830 --> 01:23:45,840
 
 

01:23:45,840 --> 01:23:49,030
 
now we get into the top of the tree line

01:23:49,030 --> 01:23:49,040
now we get into the top of the tree line
 

01:23:49,040 --> 01:23:51,030
now we get into the top of the tree line
it gets more rough and sternier than

01:23:51,030 --> 01:23:51,040
it gets more rough and sternier than
 

01:23:51,040 --> 01:23:52,870
it gets more rough and sternier than
ever yeah

01:23:52,870 --> 01:23:52,880
ever yeah
 

01:23:52,880 --> 01:23:55,270
ever yeah
it's actually from here that they

01:23:55,270 --> 01:23:55,280
it's actually from here that they
 

01:23:55,280 --> 01:23:56,790
it's actually from here that they
got off their horses

01:23:56,790 --> 01:23:56,800
got off their horses
 

01:23:56,800 --> 01:24:00,790
got off their horses
and started climbing the mountain

01:24:00,790 --> 01:24:00,800
 
 

01:24:00,800 --> 01:24:02,790
 
you can see how difficult it is at this

01:24:02,790 --> 01:24:02,800
you can see how difficult it is at this
 

01:24:02,800 --> 01:24:04,470
you can see how difficult it is at this
even at this stage

01:24:04,470 --> 01:24:04,480
even at this stage
 

01:24:04,480 --> 01:24:06,149
even at this stage
of the climb

01:24:06,149 --> 01:24:06,159
of the climb
 

01:24:06,159 --> 01:24:07,750
of the climb
that the horses

01:24:07,750 --> 01:24:07,760
that the horses
 

01:24:07,760 --> 01:24:08,950
that the horses
are quite

01:24:08,950 --> 01:24:08,960
are quite
 

01:24:08,960 --> 01:24:13,510
are quite
having a struggle

01:24:13,510 --> 01:24:13,520
 
 

01:24:13,520 --> 01:24:15,669
 
come on come on come on let's go back to

01:24:15,669 --> 01:24:15,679
come on come on come on let's go back to
 

01:24:15,679 --> 01:24:19,590
come on come on come on let's go back to
the free state come on come on come on

01:24:19,590 --> 01:24:19,600
the free state come on come on come on
 

01:24:19,600 --> 01:24:22,229
the free state come on come on come on
the horses didn't want to go any further

01:24:22,229 --> 01:24:22,239
the horses didn't want to go any further
 

01:24:22,239 --> 01:24:24,149
the horses didn't want to go any further
their counterparts a century ago weren't

01:24:24,149 --> 01:24:24,159
their counterparts a century ago weren't
 

01:24:24,159 --> 01:24:25,590
their counterparts a century ago weren't
given the choice

01:24:25,590 --> 01:24:25,600
given the choice
 

01:24:25,600 --> 01:24:32,470
given the choice
de vet was a hard taskmaster

01:24:32,470 --> 01:24:32,480
 
 

01:24:32,480 --> 01:24:34,070
 
but the popular depictions of his

01:24:34,070 --> 01:24:34,080
but the popular depictions of his
 

01:24:34,080 --> 01:24:47,430
but the popular depictions of his
escapes made it look like magic

01:24:47,430 --> 01:24:47,440
 
 

01:24:47,440 --> 01:24:49,750
 
five o'clock on a winter's afternoon

01:24:49,750 --> 01:24:49,760
five o'clock on a winter's afternoon
 

01:24:49,760 --> 01:24:53,510
five o'clock on a winter's afternoon
almost dark and they reached the top

01:24:53,510 --> 01:24:53,520
almost dark and they reached the top
 

01:24:53,520 --> 01:24:56,070
almost dark and they reached the top
you know the vet said he had climbed

01:24:56,070 --> 01:24:56,080
you know the vet said he had climbed
 

01:24:56,080 --> 01:24:58,390
you know the vet said he had climbed
many mountains but never before had it

01:24:58,390 --> 01:24:58,400
many mountains but never before had it
 

01:24:58,400 --> 01:25:00,790
many mountains but never before had it
been so tired

01:25:00,790 --> 01:25:00,800
been so tired
 

01:25:00,800 --> 01:25:01,830
been so tired
that

01:25:01,830 --> 01:25:01,840
that
 

01:25:01,840 --> 01:25:03,669
that
the exhaustion was

01:25:03,669 --> 01:25:03,679
the exhaustion was
 

01:25:03,679 --> 01:25:05,430
the exhaustion was
was rewarded by

01:25:05,430 --> 01:25:05,440
was rewarded by
 

01:25:05,440 --> 01:25:08,149
was rewarded by
the lovely panorama that he had here to

01:25:08,149 --> 01:25:08,159
the lovely panorama that he had here to
 

01:25:08,159 --> 01:25:09,510
the lovely panorama that he had here to
the south

01:25:09,510 --> 01:25:09,520
the south
 

01:25:09,520 --> 01:25:12,870
the south
that's an incredible view yes and

01:25:12,870 --> 01:25:12,880
that's an incredible view yes and
 

01:25:12,880 --> 01:25:15,270
that's an incredible view yes and
the best of it all there was no british

01:25:15,270 --> 01:25:15,280
the best of it all there was no british
 

01:25:15,280 --> 01:25:18,950
the best of it all there was no british
soldier in sight

01:25:18,950 --> 01:25:18,960
 
 

01:25:18,960 --> 01:25:21,510
 
there's this lovely story of this

01:25:21,510 --> 01:25:21,520
there's this lovely story of this
 

01:25:21,520 --> 01:25:24,229
there's this lovely story of this
young boy selling picture postcards of

01:25:24,229 --> 01:25:24,239
young boy selling picture postcards of
 

01:25:24,239 --> 01:25:26,550
young boy selling picture postcards of
general duvet in london

01:25:26,550 --> 01:25:26,560
general duvet in london
 

01:25:26,560 --> 01:25:28,550
general duvet in london
and they were all in envelopes

01:25:28,550 --> 01:25:28,560
and they were all in envelopes
 

01:25:28,560 --> 01:25:30,310
and they were all in envelopes
and everybody was buying and this one

01:25:30,310 --> 01:25:30,320
and everybody was buying and this one
 

01:25:30,320 --> 01:25:32,070
and everybody was buying and this one
fellow came back and said but look my

01:25:32,070 --> 01:25:32,080
fellow came back and said but look my
 

01:25:32,080 --> 01:25:34,550
fellow came back and said but look my
envelope is empty there's nothing inside

01:25:34,550 --> 01:25:34,560
envelope is empty there's nothing inside
 

01:25:34,560 --> 01:25:36,390
envelope is empty there's nothing inside
the boy said oh general vet must have

01:25:36,390 --> 01:25:36,400
the boy said oh general vet must have
 

01:25:36,400 --> 01:25:41,669
the boy said oh general vet must have
escaped again

01:25:41,669 --> 01:25:41,679
 
 

01:25:41,679 --> 01:25:43,510
 
the british response to boer guerrilla

01:25:43,510 --> 01:25:43,520
the british response to boer guerrilla
 

01:25:43,520 --> 01:25:45,830
the british response to boer guerrilla
tactics went far beyond legitimate

01:25:45,830 --> 01:25:45,840
tactics went far beyond legitimate
 

01:25:45,840 --> 01:25:50,310
tactics went far beyond legitimate
countermeasures

01:25:50,310 --> 01:25:50,320
 
 

01:25:50,320 --> 01:25:53,030
 
from june 1900 destruction of boer

01:25:53,030 --> 01:25:53,040
from june 1900 destruction of boer
 

01:25:53,040 --> 01:25:57,590
from june 1900 destruction of boer
property was widespread and ruthless

01:25:57,590 --> 01:25:57,600
 
 

01:25:57,600 --> 01:25:59,110
 
general kelly kenny had used the

01:25:59,110 --> 01:25:59,120
general kelly kenny had used the
 

01:25:59,120 --> 01:26:02,149
general kelly kenny had used the
expression lay waste in an order and was

01:26:02,149 --> 01:26:02,159
expression lay waste in an order and was
 

01:26:02,159 --> 01:26:05,430
expression lay waste in an order and was
asked to define it

01:26:05,430 --> 01:26:05,440
 
 

01:26:05,440 --> 01:26:11,350
 
destroy what you cannot eat

01:26:11,350 --> 01:26:11,360
 
 

01:26:11,360 --> 01:26:14,950
 
burn all farmhouses

01:26:14,950 --> 01:26:14,960
 
 

01:26:14,960 --> 01:26:17,270
 
search for hidden stores of ammunition

01:26:17,270 --> 01:26:17,280
search for hidden stores of ammunition
 

01:26:17,280 --> 01:26:24,950
search for hidden stores of ammunition
and destroy what you find

01:26:24,950 --> 01:26:24,960
 
 

01:26:24,960 --> 01:26:27,189
 
as far as the options were concerned

01:26:27,189 --> 01:26:27,199
as far as the options were concerned
 

01:26:27,199 --> 01:26:29,430
as far as the options were concerned
something that keeps on rising in all

01:26:29,430 --> 01:26:29,440
something that keeps on rising in all
 

01:26:29,440 --> 01:26:31,350
something that keeps on rising in all
these conversations about the scotch

01:26:31,350 --> 01:26:31,360
these conversations about the scotch
 

01:26:31,360 --> 01:26:33,430
these conversations about the scotch
scorched earth policy

01:26:33,430 --> 01:26:33,440
scorched earth policy
 

01:26:33,440 --> 01:26:36,950
scorched earth policy
it was a war it was a total war

01:26:36,950 --> 01:26:36,960
it was a war it was a total war
 

01:26:36,960 --> 01:26:38,870
it was a war it was a total war
there was no

01:26:38,870 --> 01:26:38,880
there was no
 

01:26:38,880 --> 01:26:39,990
there was no
option

01:26:39,990 --> 01:26:40,000
option
 

01:26:40,000 --> 01:26:42,149
option
i'm not concerned here with the morality

01:26:42,149 --> 01:26:42,159
i'm not concerned here with the morality
 

01:26:42,159 --> 01:26:43,669
i'm not concerned here with the morality
of the war he was to blame and who

01:26:43,669 --> 01:26:43,679
of the war he was to blame and who
 

01:26:43,679 --> 01:26:45,270
of the war he was to blame and who
wasn't

01:26:45,270 --> 01:26:45,280
wasn't
 

01:26:45,280 --> 01:26:47,350
wasn't
but what i'm concerned about is if you

01:26:47,350 --> 01:26:47,360
but what i'm concerned about is if you
 

01:26:47,360 --> 01:26:49,350
but what i'm concerned about is if you
look at it from a military historian's

01:26:49,350 --> 01:26:49,360
look at it from a military historian's
 

01:26:49,360 --> 01:26:50,470
look at it from a military historian's
point of view

01:26:50,470 --> 01:26:50,480
point of view
 

01:26:50,480 --> 01:26:55,110
point of view
it was a war the aim was to win it

01:26:55,110 --> 01:26:55,120
 
 

01:26:55,120 --> 01:26:56,550
 
captain march phillips was with

01:26:56,550 --> 01:26:56,560
captain march phillips was with
 

01:26:56,560 --> 01:26:58,629
captain march phillips was with
remington's tigers

01:26:58,629 --> 01:26:58,639
remington's tigers
 

01:26:58,639 --> 01:27:00,629
remington's tigers
they scouted ahead of the main army

01:27:00,629 --> 01:27:00,639
they scouted ahead of the main army
 

01:27:00,639 --> 01:27:04,629
they scouted ahead of the main army
plundering and destroying

01:27:04,629 --> 01:27:04,639
 
 

01:27:04,639 --> 01:27:06,950
 
our course through the country is marked

01:27:06,950 --> 01:27:06,960
our course through the country is marked
 

01:27:06,960 --> 01:27:09,510
our course through the country is marked
as in prehistoric ages by pillars of

01:27:09,510 --> 01:27:09,520
as in prehistoric ages by pillars of
 

01:27:09,520 --> 01:27:12,870
as in prehistoric ages by pillars of
smoke by day and fire by night

01:27:12,870 --> 01:27:12,880
smoke by day and fire by night
 

01:27:12,880 --> 01:27:14,870
smoke by day and fire by night
we usually burn from six to a dozen

01:27:14,870 --> 01:27:14,880
we usually burn from six to a dozen
 

01:27:14,880 --> 01:27:16,390
we usually burn from six to a dozen
farms a day

01:27:16,390 --> 01:27:16,400
farms a day
 

01:27:16,400 --> 01:27:18,470
farms a day
if the bores have used the farm

01:27:18,470 --> 01:27:18,480
if the bores have used the farm
 

01:27:18,480 --> 01:27:20,709
if the bores have used the farm
if the owner is on commander

01:27:20,709 --> 01:27:20,719
if the owner is on commander
 

01:27:20,719 --> 01:27:22,390
if the owner is on commander
if the line within a certain distance

01:27:22,390 --> 01:27:22,400
if the line within a certain distance
 

01:27:22,400 --> 01:27:24,149
if the line within a certain distance
has been blown up

01:27:24,149 --> 01:27:24,159
has been blown up
 

01:27:24,159 --> 01:27:25,910
has been blown up
we find that one reason or other

01:27:25,910 --> 01:27:25,920
we find that one reason or other
 

01:27:25,920 --> 01:27:27,590
we find that one reason or other
generally covers pretty nearly every

01:27:27,590 --> 01:27:27,600
generally covers pretty nearly every
 

01:27:27,600 --> 01:27:29,189
generally covers pretty nearly every
farm we come to

01:27:29,189 --> 01:27:29,199
farm we come to
 

01:27:29,199 --> 01:27:33,990
farm we come to
and so to save trouble we burn a lot

01:27:33,990 --> 01:27:34,000
 
 

01:27:34,000 --> 01:27:36,149
 
blacks fighting with the british were an

01:27:36,149 --> 01:27:36,159
blacks fighting with the british were an
 

01:27:36,159 --> 01:27:40,149
blacks fighting with the british were an
integral part of these operations

01:27:40,149 --> 01:27:40,159
 
 

01:27:40,159 --> 01:27:43,750
 
my father did in fact join shall i say

01:27:43,750 --> 01:27:43,760
my father did in fact join shall i say
 

01:27:43,760 --> 01:27:46,390
my father did in fact join shall i say
parties that burned houses

01:27:46,390 --> 01:27:46,400
parties that burned houses
 

01:27:46,400 --> 01:27:47,510
parties that burned houses
and

01:27:47,510 --> 01:27:47,520
and
 

01:27:47,520 --> 01:27:50,629
and
robbed farms and all this of it

01:27:50,629 --> 01:27:50,639
robbed farms and all this of it
 

01:27:50,639 --> 01:27:52,070
robbed farms and all this of it
that's why investors was lucrative

01:27:52,070 --> 01:27:52,080
that's why investors was lucrative
 

01:27:52,080 --> 01:27:53,110
that's why investors was lucrative
business

01:27:53,110 --> 01:27:53,120
business
 

01:27:53,120 --> 01:27:57,350
business
to join and forage in this farmhouse and

01:27:57,350 --> 01:27:57,360
to join and forage in this farmhouse and
 

01:27:57,360 --> 01:27:58,070
to join and forage in this farmhouse and
on

01:27:58,070 --> 01:27:58,080
on
 

01:27:58,080 --> 01:28:00,790
on
and set them on fire and all that it was

01:28:00,790 --> 01:28:00,800
and set them on fire and all that it was
 

01:28:00,800 --> 01:28:03,430
and set them on fire and all that it was
part of the game as it were we take the

01:28:03,430 --> 01:28:03,440
part of the game as it were we take the
 

01:28:03,440 --> 01:28:05,270
part of the game as it were we take the
balls and pen the houses as simple as

01:28:05,270 --> 01:28:05,280
balls and pen the houses as simple as
 

01:28:05,280 --> 01:28:06,709
balls and pen the houses as simple as
that

01:28:06,709 --> 01:28:06,719
that
 

01:28:06,719 --> 01:28:08,790
that
you collect whatever you can

01:28:08,790 --> 01:28:08,800
you collect whatever you can
 

01:28:08,800 --> 01:28:09,750
you collect whatever you can
and then

01:28:09,750 --> 01:28:09,760
and then
 

01:28:09,760 --> 01:28:11,590
and then
start holding on fire because the idea

01:28:11,590 --> 01:28:11,600
start holding on fire because the idea
 

01:28:11,600 --> 01:28:14,229
start holding on fire because the idea
was to avoid this was having a place

01:28:14,229 --> 01:28:14,239
was to avoid this was having a place
 

01:28:14,239 --> 01:28:15,590
was to avoid this was having a place
where to hide

01:28:15,590 --> 01:28:15,600
where to hide
 

01:28:15,600 --> 01:28:17,830
where to hide
that was amending it was part of the war

01:28:17,830 --> 01:28:17,840
that was amending it was part of the war
 

01:28:17,840 --> 01:28:21,590
that was amending it was part of the war
strategy

01:28:21,590 --> 01:28:21,600
 
 

01:28:21,600 --> 01:28:23,510
 
many british like captain bromley

01:28:23,510 --> 01:28:23,520
many british like captain bromley
 

01:28:23,520 --> 01:28:25,669
many british like captain bromley
davenport felt little sympathy for the

01:28:25,669 --> 01:28:25,679
davenport felt little sympathy for the
 

01:28:25,679 --> 01:28:28,070
davenport felt little sympathy for the
boers

01:28:28,070 --> 01:28:28,080
boers
 

01:28:28,080 --> 01:28:30,550
boers
i burnt the farm in revenge

01:28:30,550 --> 01:28:30,560
i burnt the farm in revenge
 

01:28:30,560 --> 01:28:32,390
i burnt the farm in revenge
there was a woman there very fat and

01:28:32,390 --> 01:28:32,400
there was a woman there very fat and
 

01:28:32,400 --> 01:28:34,310
there was a woman there very fat and
unpardonably ugly

01:28:34,310 --> 01:28:34,320
unpardonably ugly
 

01:28:34,320 --> 01:28:37,189
unpardonably ugly
i had no pity for her at all

01:28:37,189 --> 01:28:37,199
i had no pity for her at all
 

01:28:37,199 --> 01:28:39,270
i had no pity for her at all
the women here are worse than the men

01:28:39,270 --> 01:28:39,280
the women here are worse than the men
 

01:28:39,280 --> 01:28:41,720
the women here are worse than the men
and should be made to suffer with them

01:28:41,720 --> 01:28:41,730
and should be made to suffer with them
 

01:28:41,730 --> 01:28:45,510
and should be made to suffer with them
[Music]

01:28:45,510 --> 01:28:45,520
 
 

01:28:45,520 --> 01:28:47,430
 
but captain march phillips felt

01:28:47,430 --> 01:28:47,440
but captain march phillips felt
 

01:28:47,440 --> 01:28:50,950
but captain march phillips felt
distinctly uncomfortable

01:28:50,950 --> 01:28:50,960
 
 

01:28:50,960 --> 01:28:52,870
 
the worst moment is when you come to the

01:28:52,870 --> 01:28:52,880
the worst moment is when you come to the
 

01:28:52,880 --> 01:28:54,310
the worst moment is when you come to the
house

01:28:54,310 --> 01:28:54,320
house
 

01:28:54,320 --> 01:28:55,990
house
the people thought we had called for

01:28:55,990 --> 01:28:56,000
the people thought we had called for
 

01:28:56,000 --> 01:28:57,910
the people thought we had called for
refreshments and one of the women went

01:28:57,910 --> 01:28:57,920
refreshments and one of the women went
 

01:28:57,920 --> 01:28:59,510
refreshments and one of the women went
to get milk

01:28:59,510 --> 01:28:59,520
to get milk
 

01:28:59,520 --> 01:29:01,189
to get milk
then we had to tell them we had come to

01:29:01,189 --> 01:29:01,199
then we had to tell them we had come to
 

01:29:01,199 --> 01:29:03,510
then we had to tell them we had come to
burn the place down

01:29:03,510 --> 01:29:03,520
burn the place down
 

01:29:03,520 --> 01:29:06,870
burn the place down
i simply did not know which way to look

01:29:06,870 --> 01:29:06,880
i simply did not know which way to look
 

01:29:06,880 --> 01:29:09,350
i simply did not know which way to look
the old grandmother was very angry

01:29:09,350 --> 01:29:09,360
the old grandmother was very angry
 

01:29:09,360 --> 01:29:11,669
the old grandmother was very angry
she told me that though i was making a

01:29:11,669 --> 01:29:11,679
she told me that though i was making a
 

01:29:11,679 --> 01:29:14,229
she told me that though i was making a
fine blaze now it was nothing compared

01:29:14,229 --> 01:29:14,239
fine blaze now it was nothing compared
 

01:29:14,239 --> 01:29:16,070
fine blaze now it was nothing compared
to the flames that i myself should be

01:29:16,070 --> 01:29:16,080
to the flames that i myself should be
 

01:29:16,080 --> 01:29:19,910
to the flames that i myself should be
consumed in hereafter

01:29:19,910 --> 01:29:19,920
 
 

01:29:19,920 --> 01:29:22,070
 
the women cried and the children stood

01:29:22,070 --> 01:29:22,080
the women cried and the children stood
 

01:29:22,080 --> 01:29:23,669
the women cried and the children stood
by holding onto them

01:29:23,669 --> 01:29:23,679
by holding onto them
 

01:29:23,679 --> 01:29:25,910
by holding onto them
and looking with large frightened eyes

01:29:25,910 --> 01:29:25,920
and looking with large frightened eyes
 

01:29:25,920 --> 01:29:28,310
and looking with large frightened eyes
at the burning house

01:29:28,310 --> 01:29:28,320
at the burning house
 

01:29:28,320 --> 01:29:30,629
at the burning house
they won't forget that sight how bitter

01:29:30,629 --> 01:29:30,639
they won't forget that sight how bitter
 

01:29:30,639 --> 01:29:31,590
they won't forget that sight how bitter
sovereign

01:29:31,590 --> 01:29:31,600
sovereign
 

01:29:31,600 --> 01:29:35,270
sovereign
not even when they grow up

01:29:35,270 --> 01:29:35,280
 
 

01:29:35,280 --> 01:29:37,510
 
christina nianaba hasn't forgotten

01:29:37,510 --> 01:29:37,520
christina nianaba hasn't forgotten
 

01:29:37,520 --> 01:29:41,350
christina nianaba hasn't forgotten
though a hundred years have passed

01:29:41,350 --> 01:29:41,360
 
 

01:29:41,360 --> 01:29:47,270
 
with us

01:29:47,270 --> 01:29:47,280
 
 

01:29:47,280 --> 01:29:49,189
 
the little piglets they just chopped in

01:29:49,189 --> 01:29:49,199
the little piglets they just chopped in
 

01:29:49,199 --> 01:29:51,189
the little piglets they just chopped in
half

01:29:51,189 --> 01:29:51,199
half
 

01:29:51,199 --> 01:29:52,709
half
killed some chickens and chased the

01:29:52,709 --> 01:29:52,719
killed some chickens and chased the
 

01:29:52,719 --> 01:29:55,830
killed some chickens and chased the
others around and two

01:29:55,830 --> 01:29:55,840
others around and two
 

01:29:55,840 --> 01:29:58,870
others around and two
um

01:29:58,870 --> 01:29:58,880
 
 

01:29:58,880 --> 01:30:01,669
 
and then they set the house alight

01:30:01,669 --> 01:30:01,679
and then they set the house alight
 

01:30:01,679 --> 01:30:03,590
and then they set the house alight
oh you already invited us i almost

01:30:03,590 --> 01:30:03,600
oh you already invited us i almost
 

01:30:03,600 --> 01:30:05,830
oh you already invited us i almost
forgot that's what they

01:30:05,830 --> 01:30:05,840
forgot that's what they
 

01:30:05,840 --> 01:30:07,510
forgot that's what they
my mother said i was still in the house

01:30:07,510 --> 01:30:07,520
my mother said i was still in the house
 

01:30:07,520 --> 01:30:09,430
my mother said i was still in the house
when they started to burn it was nothing

01:30:09,430 --> 01:30:09,440
when they started to burn it was nothing
 

01:30:09,440 --> 01:30:14,950
when they started to burn it was nothing
else so she ran to go and grab me

01:30:14,950 --> 01:30:14,960
 
 

01:30:14,960 --> 01:30:17,510
 
my hair was singed by then it was clean

01:30:17,510 --> 01:30:17,520
my hair was singed by then it was clean
 

01:30:17,520 --> 01:30:29,270
my hair was singed by then it was clean
i was small

01:30:29,270 --> 01:30:29,280
 
 

01:30:29,280 --> 01:30:30,790
 
then we went to the wagon with all our

01:30:30,790 --> 01:30:30,800
then we went to the wagon with all our
 

01:30:30,800 --> 01:30:35,430
then we went to the wagon with all our
stuff

01:30:35,430 --> 01:30:35,440
 
 

01:30:35,440 --> 01:30:38,790
 
she could not climb up quickly enough

01:30:38,790 --> 01:30:38,800
she could not climb up quickly enough
 

01:30:38,800 --> 01:30:40,470
she could not climb up quickly enough
so the officer said

01:30:40,470 --> 01:30:40,480
so the officer said
 

01:30:40,480 --> 01:30:42,709
so the officer said
take your nose

01:30:42,709 --> 01:30:42,719
take your nose
 

01:30:42,719 --> 01:30:43,990
take your nose
my mother

01:30:43,990 --> 01:30:44,000
my mother
 

01:30:44,000 --> 01:30:46,629
my mother
my mother said turn around i'll kick you

01:30:46,629 --> 01:30:46,639
my mother said turn around i'll kick you
 

01:30:46,639 --> 01:30:49,910
my mother said turn around i'll kick you
in your eyes i'm sorry lady i didn't

01:30:49,910 --> 01:30:49,920
in your eyes i'm sorry lady i didn't
 

01:30:49,920 --> 01:30:55,189
in your eyes i'm sorry lady i didn't
know you could speak english

01:30:55,189 --> 01:30:55,199
 
 

01:30:55,199 --> 01:30:57,270
 
and then my mother got into the wagon

01:30:57,270 --> 01:30:57,280
and then my mother got into the wagon
 

01:30:57,280 --> 01:31:03,110
and then my mother got into the wagon
and we went off to the camp too

01:31:03,110 --> 01:31:03,120
 
 

01:31:03,120 --> 01:31:04,629
 
roberts had started to sweep the

01:31:04,629 --> 01:31:04,639
roberts had started to sweep the
 

01:31:04,639 --> 01:31:06,870
roberts had started to sweep the
families of boers still fighting off the

01:31:06,870 --> 01:31:06,880
families of boers still fighting off the
 

01:31:06,880 --> 01:31:12,149
families of boers still fighting off the
vote into concentration camps

01:31:12,149 --> 01:31:12,159
 
 

01:31:12,159 --> 01:31:13,590
 
the deaths in these camps would

01:31:13,590 --> 01:31:13,600
the deaths in these camps would
 

01:31:13,600 --> 01:31:15,270
the deaths in these camps would
reverberate around the world to

01:31:15,270 --> 01:31:15,280
reverberate around the world to
 

01:31:15,280 --> 01:31:18,070
reverberate around the world to
britain's shame

01:31:18,070 --> 01:31:18,080
britain's shame
 

01:31:18,080 --> 01:31:23,669
britain's shame
but that's delay in the future

01:31:23,669 --> 01:31:23,679
 
 

01:31:23,679 --> 01:31:25,430
 
roberts thought the war was as good as

01:31:25,430 --> 01:31:25,440
roberts thought the war was as good as
 

01:31:25,440 --> 01:31:26,470
roberts thought the war was as good as
over

01:31:26,470 --> 01:31:26,480
over
 

01:31:26,480 --> 01:31:28,870
over
someone else could mop up

01:31:28,870 --> 01:31:28,880
someone else could mop up
 

01:31:28,880 --> 01:31:31,510
someone else could mop up
in december 1900 he went home to an

01:31:31,510 --> 01:31:31,520
in december 1900 he went home to an
 

01:31:31,520 --> 01:31:34,149
in december 1900 he went home to an
earldom promotion and a hundred thousand

01:31:34,149 --> 01:31:34,159
earldom promotion and a hundred thousand
 

01:31:34,159 --> 01:31:35,380
earldom promotion and a hundred thousand
pounds in cash

01:31:35,380 --> 01:31:35,390
pounds in cash
 

01:31:35,390 --> 01:31:38,950
pounds in cash
[Music]

01:31:38,950 --> 01:31:38,960
[Music]
 

01:31:38,960 --> 01:31:40,790
[Music]
troops also returned

01:31:40,790 --> 01:31:40,800
troops also returned
 

01:31:40,800 --> 01:31:42,709
troops also returned
the city imperial volunteers were

01:31:42,709 --> 01:31:42,719
the city imperial volunteers were
 

01:31:42,719 --> 01:31:47,750
the city imperial volunteers were
welcomed as victors

01:31:47,750 --> 01:31:47,760
 
 

01:31:47,760 --> 01:31:49,669
 
there was a mass exodus 2 of war

01:31:49,669 --> 01:31:49,679
there was a mass exodus 2 of war
 

01:31:49,679 --> 01:31:52,070
there was a mass exodus 2 of war
correspondents racing back to publish

01:31:52,070 --> 01:31:52,080
correspondents racing back to publish
 

01:31:52,080 --> 01:31:54,790
correspondents racing back to publish
their boer war bestsellers

01:31:54,790 --> 01:31:54,800
their boer war bestsellers
 

01:31:54,800 --> 01:31:56,229
their boer war bestsellers
but the boers weren't writing their

01:31:56,229 --> 01:31:56,239
but the boers weren't writing their
 

01:31:56,239 --> 01:31:59,590
but the boers weren't writing their
memoirs yet

01:31:59,590 --> 01:31:59,600
memoirs yet
 

01:31:59,600 --> 01:32:02,950
memoirs yet
a young woman johanna brunt overheard an

01:32:02,950 --> 01:32:02,960
a young woman johanna brunt overheard an
 

01:32:02,960 --> 01:32:05,189
a young woman johanna brunt overheard an
exhausted british soldier saying thank

01:32:05,189 --> 01:32:05,199
exhausted british soldier saying thank
 

01:32:05,199 --> 01:32:07,270
exhausted british soldier saying thank
god the war is over

01:32:07,270 --> 01:32:07,280
god the war is over
 

01:32:07,280 --> 01:32:08,709
god the war is over
she replied

01:32:08,709 --> 01:32:08,719
she replied
 

01:32:08,719 --> 01:32:14,070
she replied
tommy atkins the war has just begun

01:32:14,070 --> 01:32:14,080
 
 

01:32:14,080 --> 01:32:16,629
 
the man chosen to mop up in south africa

01:32:16,629 --> 01:32:16,639
the man chosen to mop up in south africa
 

01:32:16,639 --> 01:32:19,110
the man chosen to mop up in south africa
was kitchener whose hard-line methods

01:32:19,110 --> 01:32:19,120
was kitchener whose hard-line methods
 

01:32:19,120 --> 01:32:21,350
was kitchener whose hard-line methods
only stiffened the resolve of those poor

01:32:21,350 --> 01:32:21,360
only stiffened the resolve of those poor
 

01:32:21,360 --> 01:32:23,830
only stiffened the resolve of those poor
men and women prepared to fight to the

01:32:23,830 --> 01:32:23,840
men and women prepared to fight to the
 

01:32:23,840 --> 01:32:38,790
men and women prepared to fight to the
end

01:32:38,790 --> 01:32:38,800
 
 

01:32:38,800 --> 01:32:52,709
 
before

01:32:52,709 --> 01:32:52,719
 
 

01:32:52,719 --> 01:32:55,350
 
how much innocent blood flowed here how

01:32:55,350 --> 01:32:55,360
how much innocent blood flowed here how
 

01:32:55,360 --> 01:33:00,330
how much innocent blood flowed here how
much

01:33:00,330 --> 01:33:00,340
 
 

01:33:00,340 --> 01:33:06,229
 
[Music]

01:33:06,229 --> 01:33:06,239
 
 

01:33:06,239 --> 01:33:09,350
 
next week on the boar war

01:33:09,350 --> 01:33:09,360
next week on the boar war
 

01:33:09,360 --> 01:33:11,270
next week on the boar war
the british heard bore families into the

01:33:11,270 --> 01:33:11,280
the british heard bore families into the
 

01:33:11,280 --> 01:33:13,270
the british heard bore families into the
first concentration camps of the 20th

01:33:13,270 --> 01:33:13,280
first concentration camps of the 20th
 

01:33:13,280 --> 01:33:15,110
first concentration camps of the 20th
century

01:33:15,110 --> 01:33:15,120
century
 

01:33:15,120 --> 01:33:19,030
century
thousands mostly children die

01:33:19,030 --> 01:33:19,040
thousands mostly children die
 

01:33:19,040 --> 01:33:20,950
thousands mostly children die
and the boers take the guerilla war into

01:33:20,950 --> 01:33:20,960
and the boers take the guerilla war into
 

01:33:20,960 --> 01:33:23,669
and the boers take the guerilla war into
the cape martyring the black leader

01:33:23,669 --> 01:33:23,679
the cape martyring the black leader
 

01:33:23,679 --> 01:33:26,100
the cape martyring the black leader
abraham esau

01:33:26,100 --> 01:33:26,110
abraham esau
 

01:33:26,110 --> 01:33:32,460
abraham esau
[Music]

01:33:32,460 --> 01:33:32,470
 
 

01:33:32,470 --> 01:33:41,510
 
[Music]

01:33:41,510 --> 01:33:41,520
 
 

01:33:41,520 --> 01:33:43,830
 
i think the guerrilla war started in an

01:33:43,830 --> 01:33:43,840
i think the guerrilla war started in an
 

01:33:43,840 --> 01:33:46,149
i think the guerrilla war started in an
attempt by the world leaders

01:33:46,149 --> 01:33:46,159
attempt by the world leaders
 

01:33:46,159 --> 01:33:49,030
attempt by the world leaders
to cause as much unpleasantness to the

01:33:49,030 --> 01:33:49,040
to cause as much unpleasantness to the
 

01:33:49,040 --> 01:33:51,350
to cause as much unpleasantness to the
british forces they possibly could in

01:33:51,350 --> 01:33:51,360
british forces they possibly could in
 

01:33:51,360 --> 01:33:52,470
british forces they possibly could in
the hope

01:33:52,470 --> 01:33:52,480
the hope
 

01:33:52,480 --> 01:33:54,390
the hope
that they would eventually get fed up

01:33:54,390 --> 01:33:54,400
that they would eventually get fed up
 

01:33:54,400 --> 01:33:56,390
that they would eventually get fed up
with it all and there'd be some sort of

01:33:56,390 --> 01:33:56,400
with it all and there'd be some sort of
 

01:33:56,400 --> 01:33:58,470
with it all and there'd be some sort of
a peace i think that was really what was

01:33:58,470 --> 01:33:58,480
a peace i think that was really what was
 

01:33:58,480 --> 01:34:00,229
a peace i think that was really what was
behind it

01:34:00,229 --> 01:34:00,239
behind it
 

01:34:00,239 --> 01:34:01,669
behind it
and then of course lord kitchener

01:34:01,669 --> 01:34:01,679
and then of course lord kitchener
 

01:34:01,679 --> 01:34:03,590
and then of course lord kitchener
decided on his scorched church earth

01:34:03,590 --> 01:34:03,600
decided on his scorched church earth
 

01:34:03,600 --> 01:34:05,669
decided on his scorched church earth
policy and the concentration camps and

01:34:05,669 --> 01:34:05,679
policy and the concentration camps and
 

01:34:05,679 --> 01:34:07,350
policy and the concentration camps and
all that sort of thing

01:34:07,350 --> 01:34:07,360
all that sort of thing
 

01:34:07,360 --> 01:34:11,669
all that sort of thing
which has left a bad taste ever since

01:34:11,669 --> 01:34:11,679
 
 

01:34:11,679 --> 01:34:15,830
 
the mortuary at croonstadt camp

01:34:15,830 --> 01:34:15,840
 
 

01:34:15,840 --> 01:34:19,590
 
the piles of coffins

01:34:19,590 --> 01:34:19,600
the piles of coffins
 

01:34:19,600 --> 01:34:26,950
the piles of coffins
the bereaved women

01:34:26,950 --> 01:34:26,960
 
 

01:34:26,960 --> 01:34:28,470
 
i don't know how many funerals there

01:34:28,470 --> 01:34:28,480
i don't know how many funerals there
 

01:34:28,480 --> 01:34:31,830
i don't know how many funerals there
were a day they're clean damn

01:34:31,830 --> 01:34:31,840
were a day they're clean damn
 

01:34:31,840 --> 01:34:33,030
were a day they're clean damn
people said that if you put all the

01:34:33,030 --> 01:34:33,040
people said that if you put all the
 

01:34:33,040 --> 01:34:34,870
people said that if you put all the
mothers tears together you'd have enough

01:34:34,870 --> 01:34:34,880
mothers tears together you'd have enough
 

01:34:34,880 --> 01:34:36,870
mothers tears together you'd have enough
to fill a dam

01:34:36,870 --> 01:34:36,880
to fill a dam
 

01:34:36,880 --> 01:34:45,520
to fill a dam
i can remember me saying that

01:34:45,520 --> 01:34:45,530
 
 

01:34:45,530 --> 01:35:02,550
 
[Music]

01:35:02,550 --> 01:35:02,560
[Music]
 

01:35:02,560 --> 01:35:05,270
[Music]
by 1901 with set-piece battles a thing

01:35:05,270 --> 01:35:05,280
by 1901 with set-piece battles a thing
 

01:35:05,280 --> 01:35:06,470
by 1901 with set-piece battles a thing
of the past

01:35:06,470 --> 01:35:06,480
of the past
 

01:35:06,480 --> 01:35:10,090
of the past
the question was how to win the war

01:35:10,090 --> 01:35:10,100
the question was how to win the war
 

01:35:10,100 --> 01:35:12,470
the question was how to win the war
[Music]

01:35:12,470 --> 01:35:12,480
[Music]
 

01:35:12,480 --> 01:35:14,229
[Music]
britain's answer was to fill south

01:35:14,229 --> 01:35:14,239
britain's answer was to fill south
 

01:35:14,239 --> 01:35:16,149
britain's answer was to fill south
africa with barbed wire and

01:35:16,149 --> 01:35:16,159
africa with barbed wire and
 

01:35:16,159 --> 01:35:20,610
africa with barbed wire and
concentration camps

01:35:20,610 --> 01:35:20,620
 
 

01:35:20,620 --> 01:35:34,520
 
[Music]

01:35:34,520 --> 01:35:34,530
 
 

01:35:34,530 --> 01:35:37,910
 
[Music]

01:35:37,910 --> 01:35:37,920
[Music]
 

01:35:37,920 --> 01:35:40,070
[Music]
the british outnumbered the boers ten to

01:35:40,070 --> 01:35:40,080
the british outnumbered the boers ten to
 

01:35:40,080 --> 01:35:41,270
the british outnumbered the boers ten to
one

01:35:41,270 --> 01:35:41,280
one
 

01:35:41,280 --> 01:35:43,350
one
but beyond the cities which the british

01:35:43,350 --> 01:35:43,360
but beyond the cities which the british
 

01:35:43,360 --> 01:35:48,790
but beyond the cities which the british
controlled it seemed like bandit country

01:35:48,790 --> 01:35:48,800
 
 

01:35:48,800 --> 01:35:50,550
 
captain march phillips described the

01:35:50,550 --> 01:35:50,560
captain march phillips described the
 

01:35:50,560 --> 01:35:54,870
captain march phillips described the
predicament in a letter home

01:35:54,870 --> 01:35:54,880
 
 

01:35:54,880 --> 01:35:57,910
 
it is bad country for our business

01:35:57,910 --> 01:35:57,920
it is bad country for our business
 

01:35:57,920 --> 01:36:00,149
it is bad country for our business
to us mountain ranges are not fine

01:36:00,149 --> 01:36:00,159
to us mountain ranges are not fine
 

01:36:00,159 --> 01:36:03,030
to us mountain ranges are not fine
scenery but strong positions

01:36:03,030 --> 01:36:03,040
scenery but strong positions
 

01:36:03,040 --> 01:36:05,270
scenery but strong positions
rocks and crags are not picturesque but

01:36:05,270 --> 01:36:05,280
rocks and crags are not picturesque but
 

01:36:05,280 --> 01:36:07,990
rocks and crags are not picturesque but
merely good cover

01:36:07,990 --> 01:36:08,000
merely good cover
 

01:36:08,000 --> 01:36:10,229
merely good cover
we always serve out extra ammunition

01:36:10,229 --> 01:36:10,239
we always serve out extra ammunition
 

01:36:10,239 --> 01:36:14,950
we always serve out extra ammunition
when we come to a pretty bit of scenery

01:36:14,950 --> 01:36:14,960
 
 

01:36:14,960 --> 01:36:16,790
 
the british struggled across barren

01:36:16,790 --> 01:36:16,800
the british struggled across barren
 

01:36:16,800 --> 01:36:19,830
the british struggled across barren
landscapes

01:36:19,830 --> 01:36:19,840
 
 

01:36:19,840 --> 01:36:23,350
 
they clung to defensive positions

01:36:23,350 --> 01:36:23,360
they clung to defensive positions
 

01:36:23,360 --> 01:36:25,030
they clung to defensive positions
they felt uneasy

01:36:25,030 --> 01:36:25,040
they felt uneasy
 

01:36:25,040 --> 01:36:27,590
they felt uneasy
and impotent

01:36:27,590 --> 01:36:27,600
and impotent
 

01:36:27,600 --> 01:36:30,950
and impotent
the velt is a void to us

01:36:30,950 --> 01:36:30,960
the velt is a void to us
 

01:36:30,960 --> 01:36:32,790
the velt is a void to us
the enemy are watching us now from a

01:36:32,790 --> 01:36:32,800
the enemy are watching us now from a
 

01:36:32,800 --> 01:36:34,709
the enemy are watching us now from a
rise a few miles away

01:36:34,709 --> 01:36:34,719
rise a few miles away
 

01:36:34,719 --> 01:36:48,629
rise a few miles away
waiting for our next move

01:36:48,629 --> 01:36:48,639
 
 

01:36:48,639 --> 01:36:50,790
 
our passage makes no impression

01:36:50,790 --> 01:36:50,800
our passage makes no impression
 

01:36:50,800 --> 01:36:55,750
our passage makes no impression
and

01:36:55,750 --> 01:36:55,760
 
 

01:36:55,760 --> 01:37:11,840
 
plenty of traces

01:37:11,840 --> 01:37:11,850
 
 

01:37:11,850 --> 01:37:17,189
 
[Music]

01:37:17,189 --> 01:37:17,199
[Music]
 

01:37:17,199 --> 01:37:25,030
[Music]
control

01:37:25,030 --> 01:37:25,040
 
 

01:37:25,040 --> 01:37:27,030
 
the whole british army depended for its

01:37:27,030 --> 01:37:27,040
the whole british army depended for its
 

01:37:27,040 --> 01:37:29,440
the whole british army depended for its
supply on a fragile railway network

01:37:29,440 --> 01:37:29,450
supply on a fragile railway network
 

01:37:29,450 --> 01:37:32,070
supply on a fragile railway network
[Music]

01:37:32,070 --> 01:37:32,080
[Music]
 

01:37:32,080 --> 01:37:34,870
[Music]
in january 1901 kitchener began a

01:37:34,870 --> 01:37:34,880
in january 1901 kitchener began a
 

01:37:34,880 --> 01:37:37,109
in january 1901 kitchener began a
building scheme to protect lines and

01:37:37,109 --> 01:37:37,119
building scheme to protect lines and
 

01:37:37,119 --> 01:37:39,680
building scheme to protect lines and
junctions from boar attack

01:37:39,680 --> 01:37:39,690
junctions from boar attack
 

01:37:39,690 --> 01:37:42,790
junctions from boar attack
[Music]

01:37:42,790 --> 01:37:42,800
[Music]
 

01:37:42,800 --> 01:37:47,830
[Music]
they were the last english castles

01:37:47,830 --> 01:37:47,840
 
 

01:37:47,840 --> 01:37:49,430
 
a chain of block houses across the

01:37:49,430 --> 01:37:49,440
a chain of block houses across the
 

01:37:49,440 --> 01:37:50,629
a chain of block houses across the
landscape

01:37:50,629 --> 01:37:50,639
landscape
 

01:37:50,639 --> 01:37:52,310
landscape
one inside of the next

01:37:52,310 --> 01:37:52,320
one inside of the next
 

01:37:52,320 --> 01:38:01,030
one inside of the next
fenced between with barbed wire

01:38:01,030 --> 01:38:01,040
 
 

01:38:01,040 --> 01:38:03,350
 
the usual garrison was an nco and six

01:38:03,350 --> 01:38:03,360
the usual garrison was an nco and six
 

01:38:03,360 --> 01:38:05,189
the usual garrison was an nco and six
infantrymen

01:38:05,189 --> 01:38:05,199
infantrymen
 

01:38:05,199 --> 01:38:06,950
infantrymen
plus armed blacks

01:38:06,950 --> 01:38:06,960
plus armed blacks
 

01:38:06,960 --> 01:38:13,910
plus armed blacks
much used for century duty at night

01:38:13,910 --> 01:38:13,920
 
 

01:38:13,920 --> 01:38:15,510
 
it became a system not just for

01:38:15,510 --> 01:38:15,520
it became a system not just for
 

01:38:15,520 --> 01:38:17,910
it became a system not just for
protecting the railway but for catching

01:38:17,910 --> 01:38:17,920
protecting the railway but for catching
 

01:38:17,920 --> 01:38:22,070
protecting the railway but for catching
bores

01:38:22,070 --> 01:38:22,080
 
 

01:38:22,080 --> 01:38:24,470
 
mobile columns would sweep the velt

01:38:24,470 --> 01:38:24,480
mobile columns would sweep the velt
 

01:38:24,480 --> 01:38:26,310
mobile columns would sweep the velt
driving the bores towards the blockhouse

01:38:26,310 --> 01:38:26,320
driving the bores towards the blockhouse
 

01:38:26,320 --> 01:38:28,310
driving the bores towards the blockhouse
lines where armored trains would

01:38:28,310 --> 01:38:28,320
lines where armored trains would
 

01:38:28,320 --> 01:38:30,629
lines where armored trains would
administer the death blow

01:38:30,629 --> 01:38:30,639
administer the death blow
 

01:38:30,639 --> 01:38:34,629
administer the death blow
that at any rate was the theory

01:38:34,629 --> 01:38:34,639
 
 

01:38:34,639 --> 01:38:36,709
 
the board general christian de vet

01:38:36,709 --> 01:38:36,719
the board general christian de vet
 

01:38:36,719 --> 01:38:39,910
the board general christian de vet
called it the block head system

01:38:39,910 --> 01:38:39,920
called it the block head system
 

01:38:39,920 --> 01:38:42,310
called it the block head system
the english were so busy building block

01:38:42,310 --> 01:38:42,320
the english were so busy building block
 

01:38:42,320 --> 01:38:45,510
the english were so busy building block
houses that they had no time to fight us

01:38:45,510 --> 01:38:45,520
houses that they had no time to fight us
 

01:38:45,520 --> 01:38:49,830
houses that they had no time to fight us
and it was all money thrown away

01:38:49,830 --> 01:38:49,840
 
 

01:38:49,840 --> 01:38:52,790
 
a dark knight a bit of ingenuity and a

01:38:52,790 --> 01:38:52,800
a dark knight a bit of ingenuity and a
 

01:38:52,800 --> 01:38:54,629
a dark knight a bit of ingenuity and a
pair of wire cutters were all to vet

01:38:54,629 --> 01:38:54,639
pair of wire cutters were all to vet
 

01:38:54,639 --> 01:38:59,750
pair of wire cutters were all to vet
needed to beat the system

01:38:59,750 --> 01:38:59,760
 
 

01:38:59,760 --> 01:39:01,990
 
will saxon served in block houses near

01:39:01,990 --> 01:39:02,000
will saxon served in block houses near
 

01:39:02,000 --> 01:39:04,470
will saxon served in block houses near
harry smith

01:39:04,470 --> 01:39:04,480
harry smith
 

01:39:04,480 --> 01:39:06,870
harry smith
he found time to sketch and write home

01:39:06,870 --> 01:39:06,880
he found time to sketch and write home
 

01:39:06,880 --> 01:39:10,390
he found time to sketch and write home
to his sweetheart mary

01:39:10,390 --> 01:39:10,400
 
 

01:39:10,400 --> 01:39:12,470
 
the block houses are placed on eminences

01:39:12,470 --> 01:39:12,480
the block houses are placed on eminences
 

01:39:12,480 --> 01:39:14,229
the block houses are placed on eminences
with from one to three miles distance

01:39:14,229 --> 01:39:14,239
with from one to three miles distance
 

01:39:14,239 --> 01:39:17,350
with from one to three miles distance
between them

01:39:17,350 --> 01:39:17,360
 
 

01:39:17,360 --> 01:39:19,430
 
we are pretty safe here

01:39:19,430 --> 01:39:19,440
we are pretty safe here
 

01:39:19,440 --> 01:39:24,070
we are pretty safe here
we have open country in front

01:39:24,070 --> 01:39:24,080
 
 

01:39:24,080 --> 01:39:25,830
 
we have ammunition and biscuits and

01:39:25,830 --> 01:39:25,840
we have ammunition and biscuits and
 

01:39:25,840 --> 01:39:27,510
we have ammunition and biscuits and
bully beef enough to withstand a month

01:39:27,510 --> 01:39:27,520
bully beef enough to withstand a month
 

01:39:27,520 --> 01:39:28,950
bully beef enough to withstand a month
or more

01:39:28,950 --> 01:39:28,960
or more
 

01:39:28,960 --> 01:39:30,550
or more
i gotta power some of tobacco from you

01:39:30,550 --> 01:39:30,560
i gotta power some of tobacco from you
 

01:39:30,560 --> 01:39:32,470
i gotta power some of tobacco from you
last week

01:39:32,470 --> 01:39:32,480
last week
 

01:39:32,480 --> 01:39:34,229
last week
tonight we shall have mosquitoes by the

01:39:34,229 --> 01:39:34,239
tonight we shall have mosquitoes by the
 

01:39:34,239 --> 01:39:37,189
tonight we shall have mosquitoes by the
million

01:39:37,189 --> 01:39:37,199
 
 

01:39:37,199 --> 01:39:38,709
 
[ __ ] patrol the barbed wire

01:39:38,709 --> 01:39:38,719
[ __ ] patrol the barbed wire
 

01:39:38,719 --> 01:39:41,270
[ __ ] patrol the barbed wire
entanglements between block houses

01:39:41,270 --> 01:39:41,280
entanglements between block houses
 

01:39:41,280 --> 01:39:45,669
entanglements between block houses
they will do anything for a white man

01:39:45,669 --> 01:39:45,679
 
 

01:39:45,679 --> 01:39:49,189
 
it is 10 o'clock

01:39:49,189 --> 01:39:49,199
 
 

01:39:49,199 --> 01:39:50,629
 
four of the garrison are playing west

01:39:50,629 --> 01:39:50,639
four of the garrison are playing west
 

01:39:50,639 --> 01:39:52,550
four of the garrison are playing west
for their rum rations

01:39:52,550 --> 01:39:52,560
for their rum rations
 

01:39:52,560 --> 01:39:54,550
for their rum rations
some are asleep

01:39:54,550 --> 01:39:54,560
some are asleep
 

01:39:54,560 --> 01:39:57,270
some are asleep
one is studying geometry

01:39:57,270 --> 01:39:57,280
one is studying geometry
 

01:39:57,280 --> 01:39:59,430
one is studying geometry
give my regards to your mother

01:39:59,430 --> 01:39:59,440
give my regards to your mother
 

01:39:59,440 --> 01:40:03,270
give my regards to your mother
i am yours till lights out and after

01:40:03,270 --> 01:40:03,280
i am yours till lights out and after
 

01:40:03,280 --> 01:40:08,870
i am yours till lights out and after
will

01:40:08,870 --> 01:40:08,880
 
 

01:40:08,880 --> 01:40:11,030
 
will saxon survived the war

01:40:11,030 --> 01:40:11,040
will saxon survived the war
 

01:40:11,040 --> 01:40:15,590
will saxon survived the war
returning home to marry mary

01:40:15,590 --> 01:40:15,600
 
 

01:40:15,600 --> 01:40:17,990
 
but lives were lost in the blockhouses

01:40:17,990 --> 01:40:18,000
but lives were lost in the blockhouses
 

01:40:18,000 --> 01:40:19,990
but lives were lost in the blockhouses
successful as they became at reducing

01:40:19,990 --> 01:40:20,000
successful as they became at reducing
 

01:40:20,000 --> 01:40:25,350
successful as they became at reducing
boer sabotage

01:40:25,350 --> 01:40:25,360
 
 

01:40:25,360 --> 01:40:27,430
 
haute crawl stasi in the flatlands of

01:40:27,430 --> 01:40:27,440
haute crawl stasi in the flatlands of
 

01:40:27,440 --> 01:40:32,950
haute crawl stasi in the flatlands of
the orange free state

01:40:32,950 --> 01:40:32,960
 
 

01:40:32,960 --> 01:40:34,950
 
a cluster of graves near the site of an

01:40:34,950 --> 01:40:34,960
a cluster of graves near the site of an
 

01:40:34,960 --> 01:40:36,870
a cluster of graves near the site of an
old block house

01:40:36,870 --> 01:40:36,880
old block house
 

01:40:36,880 --> 01:40:38,950
old block house
almost certainly those of fourteen black

01:40:38,950 --> 01:40:38,960
almost certainly those of fourteen black
 

01:40:38,960 --> 01:40:40,229
almost certainly those of fourteen black
soldiers

01:40:40,229 --> 01:40:40,239
soldiers
 

01:40:40,239 --> 01:40:42,070
soldiers
killed by the boers while guarding the

01:40:42,070 --> 01:40:42,080
killed by the boers while guarding the
 

01:40:42,080 --> 01:40:51,830
killed by the boers while guarding the
block house for britain

01:40:51,830 --> 01:40:51,840
 
 

01:40:51,840 --> 01:40:54,390
 
british frustration grew as the boers

01:40:54,390 --> 01:40:54,400
british frustration grew as the boers
 

01:40:54,400 --> 01:40:56,790
british frustration grew as the boers
moved freely across the veld supported

01:40:56,790 --> 01:40:56,800
moved freely across the veld supported
 

01:40:56,800 --> 01:41:15,510
moved freely across the veld supported
by civilians on farms

01:41:15,510 --> 01:41:15,520
 
 

01:41:15,520 --> 01:41:25,590
 
to eat

01:41:25,590 --> 01:41:25,600
 
 

01:41:25,600 --> 01:41:27,189
 
obviously something had to be done about

01:41:27,189 --> 01:41:27,199
obviously something had to be done about
 

01:41:27,199 --> 01:41:28,470
obviously something had to be done about
it because

01:41:28,470 --> 01:41:28,480
it because
 

01:41:28,480 --> 01:41:30,870
it because
the boys are being supplied by their

01:41:30,870 --> 01:41:30,880
the boys are being supplied by their
 

01:41:30,880 --> 01:41:32,470
the boys are being supplied by their
families and things like that on the

01:41:32,470 --> 01:41:32,480
families and things like that on the
 

01:41:32,480 --> 01:41:34,390
families and things like that on the
farms

01:41:34,390 --> 01:41:34,400
farms
 

01:41:34,400 --> 01:41:34,770
farms
and

01:41:34,770 --> 01:41:34,780
and
 

01:41:34,780 --> 01:41:36,629
and
[Music]

01:41:36,629 --> 01:41:36,639
[Music]
 

01:41:36,639 --> 01:41:38,709
[Music]
the idea of the concentration camp is

01:41:38,709 --> 01:41:38,719
the idea of the concentration camp is
 

01:41:38,719 --> 01:41:39,830
the idea of the concentration camp is
get all of

01:41:39,830 --> 01:41:39,840
get all of
 

01:41:39,840 --> 01:41:41,430
get all of
all the farm folk

01:41:41,430 --> 01:41:41,440
all the farm folk
 

01:41:41,440 --> 01:41:42,550
all the farm folk
families

01:41:42,550 --> 01:41:42,560
families
 

01:41:42,560 --> 01:41:44,830
families
into an area where they couldn't

01:41:44,830 --> 01:41:44,840
into an area where they couldn't
 

01:41:44,840 --> 01:41:47,189
into an area where they couldn't
assist their

01:41:47,189 --> 01:41:47,199
assist their
 

01:41:47,199 --> 01:41:50,149
assist their
husbands who were fighting the british

01:41:50,149 --> 01:41:50,159
husbands who were fighting the british
 

01:41:50,159 --> 01:41:52,149
husbands who were fighting the british
commander in chief lord roberts had

01:41:52,149 --> 01:41:52,159
commander in chief lord roberts had
 

01:41:52,159 --> 01:41:53,510
commander in chief lord roberts had
started clearing the boers into

01:41:53,510 --> 01:41:53,520
started clearing the boers into
 

01:41:53,520 --> 01:41:56,790
started clearing the boers into
concentration camps in 1900

01:41:56,790 --> 01:41:56,800
concentration camps in 1900
 

01:41:56,800 --> 01:41:59,189
concentration camps in 1900
borrowing an idea first used by spain in

01:41:59,189 --> 01:41:59,199
borrowing an idea first used by spain in
 

01:41:59,199 --> 01:42:00,709
borrowing an idea first used by spain in
1896

01:42:00,709 --> 01:42:00,719
1896
 

01:42:00,719 --> 01:42:03,830
1896
to crush rebellion in cuba

01:42:03,830 --> 01:42:03,840
to crush rebellion in cuba
 

01:42:03,840 --> 01:42:06,229
to crush rebellion in cuba
roberts's successor in south africa lord

01:42:06,229 --> 01:42:06,239
roberts's successor in south africa lord
 

01:42:06,239 --> 01:42:10,070
roberts's successor in south africa lord
kitchener stepped up the policy

01:42:10,070 --> 01:42:10,080
kitchener stepped up the policy
 

01:42:10,080 --> 01:42:12,229
kitchener stepped up the policy
all possible means shall be taken to

01:42:12,229 --> 01:42:12,239
all possible means shall be taken to
 

01:42:12,239 --> 01:42:16,390
all possible means shall be taken to
stop the present guerrilla warfare

01:42:16,390 --> 01:42:16,400
 
 

01:42:16,400 --> 01:42:18,070
 
one that has lately been successfully

01:42:18,070 --> 01:42:18,080
one that has lately been successfully
 

01:42:18,080 --> 01:42:20,070
one that has lately been successfully
tried on a small scale

01:42:20,070 --> 01:42:20,080
tried on a small scale
 

01:42:20,080 --> 01:42:22,149
tried on a small scale
is the removal of all men women and

01:42:22,149 --> 01:42:22,159
is the removal of all men women and
 

01:42:22,159 --> 01:42:24,629
is the removal of all men women and
children and natives from the districts

01:42:24,629 --> 01:42:24,639
children and natives from the districts
 

01:42:24,639 --> 01:42:26,550
children and natives from the districts
which the enemy bands persistently

01:42:26,550 --> 01:42:26,560
which the enemy bands persistently
 

01:42:26,560 --> 01:42:29,590
which the enemy bands persistently
occupy

01:42:29,590 --> 01:42:29,600
 
 

01:42:29,600 --> 01:42:31,510
 
the women and children brought in should

01:42:31,510 --> 01:42:31,520
the women and children brought in should
 

01:42:31,520 --> 01:42:33,430
the women and children brought in should
be camped near the railway for supply

01:42:33,430 --> 01:42:33,440
be camped near the railway for supply
 

01:42:33,440 --> 01:42:35,189
be camped near the railway for supply
purposes

01:42:35,189 --> 01:42:35,199
purposes
 

01:42:35,199 --> 01:42:37,030
purposes
the ordnance will supply the necessary

01:42:37,030 --> 01:42:37,040
the ordnance will supply the necessary
 

01:42:37,040 --> 01:42:37,990
the ordnance will supply the necessary
tents

01:42:37,990 --> 01:42:38,000
tents
 

01:42:38,000 --> 01:42:39,510
tents
and the district commissioner will look

01:42:39,510 --> 01:42:39,520
and the district commissioner will look
 

01:42:39,520 --> 01:42:45,430
and the district commissioner will look
after the food

01:42:45,430 --> 01:42:45,440
 
 

01:42:45,440 --> 01:42:47,750
 
a farm in the orange free state

01:42:47,750 --> 01:42:47,760
a farm in the orange free state
 

01:42:47,760 --> 01:42:49,270
a farm in the orange free state
burned by the british in nineteen

01:42:49,270 --> 01:42:49,280
burned by the british in nineteen
 

01:42:49,280 --> 01:42:52,470
burned by the british in nineteen
hundred

01:42:52,470 --> 01:42:52,480
 
 

01:42:52,480 --> 01:42:54,390
 
one of perhaps thirty thousand destroyed

01:42:54,390 --> 01:42:54,400
one of perhaps thirty thousand destroyed
 

01:42:54,400 --> 01:42:59,750
one of perhaps thirty thousand destroyed
in the process of clearing the vault

01:42:59,750 --> 01:42:59,760
 
 

01:42:59,760 --> 01:43:01,990
 
boar families watched as all they had

01:43:01,990 --> 01:43:02,000
boar families watched as all they had
 

01:43:02,000 --> 01:43:06,390
boar families watched as all they had
worked for was put to the torch

01:43:06,390 --> 01:43:06,400
 
 

01:43:06,400 --> 01:43:09,109
 
then to the camps

01:43:09,109 --> 01:43:09,119
then to the camps
 

01:43:09,119 --> 01:43:11,510
then to the camps
a miserable journey made a century ago

01:43:11,510 --> 01:43:11,520
a miserable journey made a century ago
 

01:43:11,520 --> 01:43:21,350
a miserable journey made a century ago
by christina nianabe

01:43:21,350 --> 01:43:21,360
 
 

01:43:21,360 --> 01:43:35,590
 
they chased everyone to the camp

01:43:35,590 --> 01:43:35,600
 
 

01:43:35,600 --> 01:43:37,830
 
people couldn't stay in their houses

01:43:37,830 --> 01:43:37,840
people couldn't stay in their houses
 

01:43:37,840 --> 01:43:46,709
people couldn't stay in their houses
their houses had all been burned

01:43:46,709 --> 01:43:46,719
 
 

01:43:46,719 --> 01:43:51,510
 
many many people were in the camps

01:43:51,510 --> 01:43:51,520
 
 

01:43:51,520 --> 01:43:53,669
 
who will my mom live no

01:43:53,669 --> 01:43:53,679
who will my mom live no
 

01:43:53,679 --> 01:43:55,910
who will my mom live no
if only my mother were alive

01:43:55,910 --> 01:43:55,920
if only my mother were alive
 

01:43:55,920 --> 01:44:01,270
if only my mother were alive
she'd tell you

01:44:01,270 --> 01:44:01,280
 
 

01:44:01,280 --> 01:44:03,430
 
they were crammed into tents

01:44:03,430 --> 01:44:03,440
they were crammed into tents
 

01:44:03,440 --> 01:44:05,030
they were crammed into tents
giving little protection against south

01:44:05,030 --> 01:44:05,040
giving little protection against south
 

01:44:05,040 --> 01:44:10,550
giving little protection against south
africa's extreme climate

01:44:10,550 --> 01:44:10,560
 
 

01:44:10,560 --> 01:44:13,030
 
not all the camps were fenced in

01:44:13,030 --> 01:44:13,040
not all the camps were fenced in
 

01:44:13,040 --> 01:44:16,149
not all the camps were fenced in
but the people weren't free to leave

01:44:16,149 --> 01:44:16,159
but the people weren't free to leave
 

01:44:16,159 --> 01:44:18,310
but the people weren't free to leave
this helped the bores who couldn't look

01:44:18,310 --> 01:44:18,320
this helped the bores who couldn't look
 

01:44:18,320 --> 01:44:20,070
this helped the bores who couldn't look
after their families and fight a

01:44:20,070 --> 01:44:20,080
after their families and fight a
 

01:44:20,080 --> 01:44:22,709
after their families and fight a
guerrilla war

01:44:22,709 --> 01:44:22,719
guerrilla war
 

01:44:22,719 --> 01:44:25,430
guerrilla war
in some camps the sanitation was dire

01:44:25,430 --> 01:44:25,440
in some camps the sanitation was dire
 

01:44:25,440 --> 01:44:27,910
in some camps the sanitation was dire
the food appalling

01:44:27,910 --> 01:44:27,920
the food appalling
 

01:44:27,920 --> 01:44:30,470
the food appalling
christina near naba was here in

01:44:30,470 --> 01:44:30,480
christina near naba was here in
 

01:44:30,480 --> 01:45:00,790
christina near naba was here in
potchiff's room

01:45:00,790 --> 01:45:00,800
 
 

01:45:00,800 --> 01:45:02,310
 
she said once a week we got a little

01:45:02,310 --> 01:45:02,320
she said once a week we got a little
 

01:45:02,320 --> 01:45:03,910
she said once a week we got a little
piece of meat which they then had to

01:45:03,910 --> 01:45:03,920
piece of meat which they then had to
 

01:45:03,920 --> 01:45:05,430
piece of meat which they then had to
cook outside

01:45:05,430 --> 01:45:05,440
cook outside
 

01:45:05,440 --> 01:45:08,790
cook outside
of course there were no stoves

01:45:08,790 --> 01:45:08,800
 
 

01:45:08,800 --> 01:45:12,229
 
she just had to make a fire

01:45:12,229 --> 01:45:12,239
 
 

01:45:12,239 --> 01:45:15,510
 
this is how we lived

01:45:15,510 --> 01:45:15,520
 
 

01:45:15,520 --> 01:45:19,830
 
this is how we got our food and stuff

01:45:19,830 --> 01:45:19,840
 
 

01:45:19,840 --> 01:45:21,750
 
the children got sick and five children

01:45:21,750 --> 01:45:21,760
the children got sick and five children
 

01:45:21,760 --> 01:45:24,709
the children got sick and five children
died

01:45:24,709 --> 01:45:24,719
 
 

01:45:24,719 --> 01:45:30,229
 
my sister died my brother died

01:45:30,229 --> 01:45:30,239
 
 

01:45:30,239 --> 01:45:38,629
 
miserable about her children

01:45:38,629 --> 01:45:38,639
 
 

01:45:38,639 --> 01:45:41,430
 
yeah

01:45:41,430 --> 01:45:41,440
 
 

01:45:41,440 --> 01:45:47,600
 
oh my heart

01:45:47,600 --> 01:45:47,610
 
 

01:45:47,610 --> 01:45:56,390
 
[Music]

01:45:56,390 --> 01:45:56,400
 
 

01:45:56,400 --> 01:45:57,990
 
the site today of christina's

01:45:57,990 --> 01:45:58,000
the site today of christina's
 

01:45:58,000 --> 01:46:02,090
the site today of christina's
concentration camp at potsheff's room

01:46:02,090 --> 01:46:02,100
concentration camp at potsheff's room
 

01:46:02,100 --> 01:46:05,030
concentration camp at potsheff's room
[Music]

01:46:05,030 --> 01:46:05,040
[Music]
 

01:46:05,040 --> 01:46:07,189
[Music]
the names of her sister maria

01:46:07,189 --> 01:46:07,199
the names of her sister maria
 

01:46:07,199 --> 01:46:08,790
the names of her sister maria
and brother christian

01:46:08,790 --> 01:46:08,800
and brother christian
 

01:46:08,800 --> 01:46:12,360
and brother christian
are inscribed on the death row

01:46:12,360 --> 01:46:12,370
are inscribed on the death row
 

01:46:12,370 --> 01:46:16,070
are inscribed on the death row
[Music]

01:46:16,070 --> 01:46:16,080
[Music]
 

01:46:16,080 --> 01:46:18,229
[Music]
10 of their population

01:46:18,229 --> 01:46:18,239
10 of their population
 

01:46:18,239 --> 01:46:20,149
10 of their population
died in britain's white concentration

01:46:20,149 --> 01:46:20,159
died in britain's white concentration
 

01:46:20,159 --> 01:46:21,870
died in britain's white concentration
camps in south africa

01:46:21,870 --> 01:46:21,880
camps in south africa
 

01:46:21,880 --> 01:46:24,310
camps in south africa
[Music]

01:46:24,310 --> 01:46:24,320
[Music]
 

01:46:24,320 --> 01:46:27,270
[Music]
i think one must look upon the camps and

01:46:27,270 --> 01:46:27,280
i think one must look upon the camps and
 

01:46:27,280 --> 01:46:29,270
i think one must look upon the camps and
i'm not going to try to justify anything

01:46:29,270 --> 01:46:29,280
i'm not going to try to justify anything
 

01:46:29,280 --> 01:46:31,830
i'm not going to try to justify anything
one way or the other

01:46:31,830 --> 01:46:31,840
one way or the other
 

01:46:31,840 --> 01:46:34,629
one way or the other
as a manifestation of the

01:46:34,629 --> 01:46:34,639
as a manifestation of the
 

01:46:34,639 --> 01:46:36,470
as a manifestation of the
frustration

01:46:36,470 --> 01:46:36,480
frustration
 

01:46:36,480 --> 01:46:40,390
frustration
felt by the british high command

01:46:40,390 --> 01:46:40,400
felt by the british high command
 

01:46:40,400 --> 01:46:43,270
felt by the british high command
the war would not come to an end

01:46:43,270 --> 01:46:43,280
the war would not come to an end
 

01:46:43,280 --> 01:46:45,510
the war would not come to an end
they had no answer

01:46:45,510 --> 01:46:45,520
they had no answer
 

01:46:45,520 --> 01:46:48,310
they had no answer
for guerrilla warfare

01:46:48,310 --> 01:46:48,320
for guerrilla warfare
 

01:46:48,320 --> 01:46:50,870
for guerrilla warfare
none of the things they knew

01:46:50,870 --> 01:46:50,880
none of the things they knew
 

01:46:50,880 --> 01:46:52,870
none of the things they knew
worked

01:46:52,870 --> 01:46:52,880
worked
 

01:46:52,880 --> 01:46:55,109
worked
they saw the farms as

01:46:55,109 --> 01:46:55,119
they saw the farms as
 

01:46:55,119 --> 01:46:57,990
they saw the farms as
sources of food of shelter for these

01:46:57,990 --> 01:46:58,000
sources of food of shelter for these
 

01:46:58,000 --> 01:47:00,709
sources of food of shelter for these
roving commanders

01:47:00,709 --> 01:47:00,719
roving commanders
 

01:47:00,719 --> 01:47:01,590
roving commanders
so

01:47:01,590 --> 01:47:01,600
so
 

01:47:01,600 --> 01:47:06,470
so
put them in caps

01:47:06,470 --> 01:47:06,480
 
 

01:47:06,480 --> 01:47:08,950
 
but the people who do that

01:47:08,950 --> 01:47:08,960
but the people who do that
 

01:47:08,960 --> 01:47:11,350
but the people who do that
have no idea

01:47:11,350 --> 01:47:11,360
have no idea
 

01:47:11,360 --> 01:47:15,189
have no idea
of how you organize a civilian camp

01:47:15,189 --> 01:47:15,199
of how you organize a civilian camp
 

01:47:15,199 --> 01:47:19,350
of how you organize a civilian camp
how closely do you group people together

01:47:19,350 --> 01:47:19,360
how closely do you group people together
 

01:47:19,360 --> 01:47:21,350
how closely do you group people together
how do you see to the drainage of the

01:47:21,350 --> 01:47:21,360
how do you see to the drainage of the
 

01:47:21,360 --> 01:47:23,109
how do you see to the drainage of the
soil

01:47:23,109 --> 01:47:23,119
soil
 

01:47:23,119 --> 01:47:25,109
soil
the trees

01:47:25,109 --> 01:47:25,119
the trees
 

01:47:25,119 --> 01:47:29,189
the trees
of the water supply

01:47:29,189 --> 01:47:29,199
 
 

01:47:29,199 --> 01:47:31,270
 
unfortunately with a large number of

01:47:31,270 --> 01:47:31,280
unfortunately with a large number of
 

01:47:31,280 --> 01:47:32,470
unfortunately with a large number of
people in

01:47:32,470 --> 01:47:32,480
people in
 

01:47:32,480 --> 01:47:34,229
people in
small area

01:47:34,229 --> 01:47:34,239
small area
 

01:47:34,239 --> 01:47:36,629
small area
and i imagine probably not an awful lot

01:47:36,629 --> 01:47:36,639
and i imagine probably not an awful lot
 

01:47:36,639 --> 01:47:37,590
and i imagine probably not an awful lot
of

01:47:37,590 --> 01:47:37,600
of
 

01:47:37,600 --> 01:47:39,590
of
medicines available

01:47:39,590 --> 01:47:39,600
medicines available
 

01:47:39,600 --> 01:47:41,510
medicines available
uh things got out of hand and they just

01:47:41,510 --> 01:47:41,520
uh things got out of hand and they just
 

01:47:41,520 --> 01:47:43,109
uh things got out of hand and they just
the medical authorities just couldn't

01:47:43,109 --> 01:47:43,119
the medical authorities just couldn't
 

01:47:43,119 --> 01:47:44,870
the medical authorities just couldn't
cope with the amount of disease which

01:47:44,870 --> 01:47:44,880
cope with the amount of disease which
 

01:47:44,880 --> 01:47:45,750
cope with the amount of disease which
was

01:47:45,750 --> 01:47:45,760
was
 

01:47:45,760 --> 01:47:46,790
was
prevalent

01:47:46,790 --> 01:47:46,800
prevalent
 

01:47:46,800 --> 01:47:48,550
prevalent
in the concentration camps at that

01:47:48,550 --> 01:47:48,560
in the concentration camps at that
 

01:47:48,560 --> 01:47:51,510
in the concentration camps at that
particular time

01:47:51,510 --> 01:47:51,520
particular time
 

01:47:51,520 --> 01:47:54,149
particular time
hopelessly overwhelmed camp hospitals

01:47:54,149 --> 01:47:54,159
hopelessly overwhelmed camp hospitals
 

01:47:54,159 --> 01:47:56,870
hopelessly overwhelmed camp hospitals
suddenly faced epidemics of measles

01:47:56,870 --> 01:47:56,880
suddenly faced epidemics of measles
 

01:47:56,880 --> 01:48:01,109
suddenly faced epidemics of measles
pneumonia dysentery typhoid

01:48:01,109 --> 01:48:01,119
pneumonia dysentery typhoid
 

01:48:01,119 --> 01:48:03,669
pneumonia dysentery typhoid
diseases unknown to most bores out on

01:48:03,669 --> 01:48:03,679
diseases unknown to most bores out on
 

01:48:03,679 --> 01:48:08,629
diseases unknown to most bores out on
the vault

01:48:08,629 --> 01:48:08,639
 
 

01:48:08,639 --> 01:48:12,310
 
they have lived in isolation now for

01:48:12,310 --> 01:48:12,320
they have lived in isolation now for
 

01:48:12,320 --> 01:48:15,990
they have lived in isolation now for
virtually a hundred years

01:48:15,990 --> 01:48:16,000
 
 

01:48:16,000 --> 01:48:21,109
 
healthy people but a people in isolation

01:48:21,109 --> 01:48:21,119
healthy people but a people in isolation
 

01:48:21,119 --> 01:48:25,590
healthy people but a people in isolation
and when they are exposed suddenly to

01:48:25,590 --> 01:48:25,600
and when they are exposed suddenly to
 

01:48:25,600 --> 01:48:30,550
and when they are exposed suddenly to
a large influx of people from outside

01:48:30,550 --> 01:48:30,560
a large influx of people from outside
 

01:48:30,560 --> 01:48:32,550
a large influx of people from outside
they come into contact

01:48:32,550 --> 01:48:32,560
they come into contact
 

01:48:32,560 --> 01:48:33,750
they come into contact
with

01:48:33,750 --> 01:48:33,760
with
 

01:48:33,760 --> 01:48:35,990
with
the organisms that carry the disease

01:48:35,990 --> 01:48:36,000
the organisms that carry the disease
 

01:48:36,000 --> 01:48:37,590
the organisms that carry the disease
particularly

01:48:37,590 --> 01:48:37,600
particularly
 

01:48:37,600 --> 01:48:39,350
particularly
measles

01:48:39,350 --> 01:48:39,360
measles
 

01:48:39,360 --> 01:48:42,149
measles
it is a devastating disease for an

01:48:42,149 --> 01:48:42,159
it is a devastating disease for an
 

01:48:42,159 --> 01:48:46,570
it is a devastating disease for an
unexposed community

01:48:46,570 --> 01:48:46,580
 
 

01:48:46,580 --> 01:48:58,550
 
[Music]

01:48:58,550 --> 01:48:58,560
[Music]
 

01:48:58,560 --> 01:49:03,080
[Music]
my

01:49:03,080 --> 01:49:03,090
 
 

01:49:03,090 --> 01:49:10,870
 
[Music]

01:49:10,870 --> 01:49:10,880
[Music]
 

01:49:10,880 --> 01:49:14,900
[Music]
in my heart

01:49:14,900 --> 01:49:14,910
 
 

01:49:14,910 --> 01:49:36,120
 
[Music]

01:49:36,120 --> 01:49:36,130
 
 

01:49:36,130 --> 01:49:41,109
 
[Music]

01:49:41,109 --> 01:49:41,119
 
 

01:49:41,119 --> 01:49:42,950
 
it

01:49:42,950 --> 01:49:42,960
it
 

01:49:42,960 --> 01:49:44,550
it
when the authorities learned there was a

01:49:44,550 --> 01:49:44,560
when the authorities learned there was a
 

01:49:44,560 --> 01:49:46,470
when the authorities learned there was a
sick child in your tent

01:49:46,470 --> 01:49:46,480
sick child in your tent
 

01:49:46,480 --> 01:49:49,830
sick child in your tent
they took that child to a hospital

01:49:49,830 --> 01:49:49,840
they took that child to a hospital
 

01:49:49,840 --> 01:49:53,350
they took that child to a hospital
hospital

01:49:53,350 --> 01:49:53,360
 
 

01:49:53,360 --> 01:49:55,109
 
and the bull women strongly believed

01:49:55,109 --> 01:49:55,119
and the bull women strongly believed
 

01:49:55,119 --> 01:49:57,109
and the bull women strongly believed
that within three days that child would

01:49:57,109 --> 01:49:57,119
that within three days that child would
 

01:49:57,119 --> 01:49:59,510
that within three days that child would
be dead

01:49:59,510 --> 01:49:59,520
be dead
 

01:49:59,520 --> 01:50:01,350
be dead
so if a child became ill you just hit

01:50:01,350 --> 01:50:01,360
so if a child became ill you just hit
 

01:50:01,360 --> 01:50:03,510
so if a child became ill you just hit
him in the tent and kept him there so

01:50:03,510 --> 01:50:03,520
him in the tent and kept him there so
 

01:50:03,520 --> 01:50:05,750
him in the tent and kept him there so
that when they inspected the tents they

01:50:05,750 --> 01:50:05,760
that when they inspected the tents they
 

01:50:05,760 --> 01:50:07,270
that when they inspected the tents they
would not know that there was a sick

01:50:07,270 --> 01:50:07,280
would not know that there was a sick
 

01:50:07,280 --> 01:50:12,870
would not know that there was a sick
child there

01:50:12,870 --> 01:50:12,880
 
 

01:50:12,880 --> 01:50:15,350
 
north concentration camp by the cry

01:50:15,350 --> 01:50:15,360
north concentration camp by the cry
 

01:50:15,360 --> 01:50:18,990
north concentration camp by the cry
river in the orange free state

01:50:18,990 --> 01:50:19,000
 
 

01:50:19,000 --> 01:50:23,350
 
546 children would perish here

01:50:23,350 --> 01:50:23,360
546 children would perish here
 

01:50:23,360 --> 01:50:25,109
546 children would perish here
as death rates rose

01:50:25,109 --> 01:50:25,119
as death rates rose
 

01:50:25,119 --> 01:50:27,109
as death rates rose
some poor mothers began to fear that the

01:50:27,109 --> 01:50:27,119
some poor mothers began to fear that the
 

01:50:27,119 --> 01:50:30,870
some poor mothers began to fear that the
british were trying to kill them

01:50:30,870 --> 01:50:30,880
 
 

01:50:30,880 --> 01:50:34,629
 
a gulf of suspicion opened up

01:50:34,629 --> 01:50:34,639
a gulf of suspicion opened up
 

01:50:34,639 --> 01:50:36,550
a gulf of suspicion opened up
the british doctors told the boars to

01:50:36,550 --> 01:50:36,560
the british doctors told the boars to
 

01:50:36,560 --> 01:50:39,030
the british doctors told the boars to
keep their tents well ventilated

01:50:39,030 --> 01:50:39,040
keep their tents well ventilated
 

01:50:39,040 --> 01:50:40,470
keep their tents well ventilated
and they restricted the diet of

01:50:40,470 --> 01:50:40,480
and they restricted the diet of
 

01:50:40,480 --> 01:50:43,750
and they restricted the diet of
dysentery and typhoid sufferers

01:50:43,750 --> 01:50:43,760
dysentery and typhoid sufferers
 

01:50:43,760 --> 01:50:45,189
dysentery and typhoid sufferers
but the boys thought they were being

01:50:45,189 --> 01:50:45,199
but the boys thought they were being
 

01:50:45,199 --> 01:50:48,550
but the boys thought they were being
frozen and starved to death

01:50:48,550 --> 01:50:48,560
frozen and starved to death
 

01:50:48,560 --> 01:50:50,149
frozen and starved to death
rumors abounded

01:50:50,149 --> 01:50:50,159
rumors abounded
 

01:50:50,159 --> 01:50:51,830
rumors abounded
of infected meat

01:50:51,830 --> 01:50:51,840
of infected meat
 

01:50:51,840 --> 01:50:53,589
of infected meat
of poison in the medicine

01:50:53,589 --> 01:50:53,599
of poison in the medicine
 

01:50:53,599 --> 01:50:56,950
of poison in the medicine
ground glass in the flour and sugar

01:50:56,950 --> 01:50:56,960
ground glass in the flour and sugar
 

01:50:56,960 --> 01:50:59,510
ground glass in the flour and sugar
the concentration

01:50:59,510 --> 01:50:59,520
the concentration
 

01:50:59,520 --> 01:51:01,589
the concentration
the concentration camps were regarded by

01:51:01,589 --> 01:51:01,599
the concentration camps were regarded by
 

01:51:01,599 --> 01:51:04,149
the concentration camps were regarded by
the nation as genocide

01:51:04,149 --> 01:51:04,159
the nation as genocide
 

01:51:04,159 --> 01:51:07,109
the nation as genocide
may 8 don't

01:51:07,109 --> 01:51:07,119
 
 

01:51:07,119 --> 01:51:09,510
 
my own aunt who was in the camp with my

01:51:09,510 --> 01:51:09,520
my own aunt who was in the camp with my
 

01:51:09,520 --> 01:51:10,470
my own aunt who was in the camp with my
father

01:51:10,470 --> 01:51:10,480
father
 

01:51:10,480 --> 01:51:12,390
father
told me that every day they'd strain

01:51:12,390 --> 01:51:12,400
told me that every day they'd strain
 

01:51:12,400 --> 01:51:14,709
told me that every day they'd strain
their flower through a very fine gauze

01:51:14,709 --> 01:51:14,719
their flower through a very fine gauze
 

01:51:14,719 --> 01:51:17,109
their flower through a very fine gauze
sieve to remove bits of glass from the

01:51:17,109 --> 01:51:17,119
sieve to remove bits of glass from the
 

01:51:17,119 --> 01:51:23,750
sieve to remove bits of glass from the
flowers

01:51:23,750 --> 01:51:23,760
 
 

01:51:23,760 --> 01:51:25,510
 
whether these things were orchestrated

01:51:25,510 --> 01:51:25,520
whether these things were orchestrated
 

01:51:25,520 --> 01:51:26,709
whether these things were orchestrated
from the top

01:51:26,709 --> 01:51:26,719
from the top
 

01:51:26,719 --> 01:51:29,510
from the top
or whether it was unfavorable conditions

01:51:29,510 --> 01:51:29,520
or whether it was unfavorable conditions
 

01:51:29,520 --> 01:51:31,430
or whether it was unfavorable conditions
is not for me to say

01:51:31,430 --> 01:51:31,440
is not for me to say
 

01:51:31,440 --> 01:51:33,350
is not for me to say
i only know that a lot of research is

01:51:33,350 --> 01:51:33,360
i only know that a lot of research is
 

01:51:33,360 --> 01:51:35,430
i only know that a lot of research is
done on it today and there are very

01:51:35,430 --> 01:51:35,440
done on it today and there are very
 

01:51:35,440 --> 01:51:37,990
done on it today and there are very
strong theories that a form of genocide

01:51:37,990 --> 01:51:38,000
strong theories that a form of genocide
 

01:51:38,000 --> 01:51:40,550
strong theories that a form of genocide
went hand in hand with the terrifyingly

01:51:40,550 --> 01:51:40,560
went hand in hand with the terrifyingly
 

01:51:40,560 --> 01:51:45,350
went hand in hand with the terrifyingly
high mortality rate in the camps

01:51:45,350 --> 01:51:45,360
 
 

01:51:45,360 --> 01:51:47,189
 
there were some exceptionally good ones

01:51:47,189 --> 01:51:47,199
there were some exceptionally good ones
 

01:51:47,199 --> 01:51:50,070
there were some exceptionally good ones
there were some that were very badly run

01:51:50,070 --> 01:51:50,080
there were some that were very badly run
 

01:51:50,080 --> 01:51:51,750
there were some that were very badly run
there were some that were grotesquely

01:51:51,750 --> 01:51:51,760
there were some that were grotesquely
 

01:51:51,760 --> 01:51:53,910
there were some that were grotesquely
inefficient

01:51:53,910 --> 01:51:53,920
inefficient
 

01:51:53,920 --> 01:51:55,270
inefficient
but

01:51:55,270 --> 01:51:55,280
but
 

01:51:55,280 --> 01:51:57,030
but
to say that this was a policy of

01:51:57,030 --> 01:51:57,040
to say that this was a policy of
 

01:51:57,040 --> 01:51:58,550
to say that this was a policy of
genocide which

01:51:58,550 --> 01:51:58,560
genocide which
 

01:51:58,560 --> 01:52:01,830
genocide which
some people have claimed is

01:52:01,830 --> 01:52:01,840
some people have claimed is
 

01:52:01,840 --> 01:52:03,750
some people have claimed is
well i was going to use a root word i'll

01:52:03,750 --> 01:52:03,760
well i was going to use a root word i'll
 

01:52:03,760 --> 01:52:07,750
well i was going to use a root word i'll
just say trap

01:52:07,750 --> 01:52:07,760
 
 

01:52:07,760 --> 01:52:10,229
 
ultimate of dialects tell that

01:52:10,229 --> 01:52:10,239
ultimate of dialects tell that
 

01:52:10,239 --> 01:52:12,470
ultimate of dialects tell that
we must state clearly that the aim of

01:52:12,470 --> 01:52:12,480
we must state clearly that the aim of
 

01:52:12,480 --> 01:52:17,109
we must state clearly that the aim of
the concentration camps was not genocide

01:52:17,109 --> 01:52:17,119
the concentration camps was not genocide
 

01:52:17,119 --> 01:52:18,629
the concentration camps was not genocide
what happened there was just poor

01:52:18,629 --> 01:52:18,639
what happened there was just poor
 

01:52:18,639 --> 01:52:20,229
what happened there was just poor
administration

01:52:20,229 --> 01:52:20,239
administration
 

01:52:20,239 --> 01:52:22,470
administration
but particularly poor administration by

01:52:22,470 --> 01:52:22,480
but particularly poor administration by
 

01:52:22,480 --> 01:52:26,550
but particularly poor administration by
the british army authorities

01:52:26,550 --> 01:52:26,560
 
 

01:52:26,560 --> 01:52:28,550
 
the british had shown scant regard for

01:52:28,550 --> 01:52:28,560
the british had shown scant regard for
 

01:52:28,560 --> 01:52:30,709
the british had shown scant regard for
the health of their own men

01:52:30,709 --> 01:52:30,719
the health of their own men
 

01:52:30,719 --> 01:52:32,709
the health of their own men
thousands of thomas had already died of

01:52:32,709 --> 01:52:32,719
thousands of thomas had already died of
 

01:52:32,719 --> 01:52:34,310
thousands of thomas had already died of
disease

01:52:34,310 --> 01:52:34,320
disease
 

01:52:34,320 --> 01:52:36,390
disease
the welfare of the enemy was an even

01:52:36,390 --> 01:52:36,400
the welfare of the enemy was an even
 

01:52:36,400 --> 01:52:41,669
the welfare of the enemy was an even
lower priority

01:52:41,669 --> 01:52:41,679
 
 

01:52:41,679 --> 01:52:43,350
 
kitchen are fogged off inquiries about

01:52:43,350 --> 01:52:43,360
kitchen are fogged off inquiries about
 

01:52:43,360 --> 01:52:45,990
kitchen are fogged off inquiries about
the camps saying the inmates were happy

01:52:45,990 --> 01:52:46,000
the camps saying the inmates were happy
 

01:52:46,000 --> 01:52:48,870
the camps saying the inmates were happy
and conditions improving

01:52:48,870 --> 01:52:48,880
and conditions improving
 

01:52:48,880 --> 01:52:52,709
and conditions improving
but in mid 1901 the truth leaked out

01:52:52,709 --> 01:52:52,719
but in mid 1901 the truth leaked out
 

01:52:52,719 --> 01:52:54,310
but in mid 1901 the truth leaked out
and the whistleblower was neither an

01:52:54,310 --> 01:52:54,320
and the whistleblower was neither an
 

01:52:54,320 --> 01:52:55,750
and the whistleblower was neither an
outraged bore

01:52:55,750 --> 01:52:55,760
outraged bore
 

01:52:55,760 --> 01:52:58,149
outraged bore
nor an intrepid journalist but a

01:52:58,149 --> 01:52:58,159
nor an intrepid journalist but a
 

01:52:58,159 --> 01:53:00,870
nor an intrepid journalist but a
well-connected liberal from cornwall

01:53:00,870 --> 01:53:00,880
well-connected liberal from cornwall
 

01:53:00,880 --> 01:53:24,950
well-connected liberal from cornwall
emily hobhouse

01:53:24,950 --> 01:53:24,960
 
 

01:53:24,960 --> 01:53:27,189
 
the lady from england had arrived called

01:53:27,189 --> 01:53:27,199
the lady from england had arrived called
 

01:53:27,199 --> 01:53:31,990
the lady from england had arrived called
emily hobhouse

01:53:31,990 --> 01:53:32,000
 
 

01:53:32,000 --> 01:53:33,750
 
he saw her and she was dressed

01:53:33,750 --> 01:53:33,760
he saw her and she was dressed
 

01:53:33,760 --> 01:53:35,990
he saw her and she was dressed
beautifully

01:53:35,990 --> 01:53:36,000
beautifully
 

01:53:36,000 --> 01:53:37,350
beautifully
and you know they were ashamed of their

01:53:37,350 --> 01:53:37,360
and you know they were ashamed of their
 

01:53:37,360 --> 01:53:39,350
and you know they were ashamed of their
mothers who were so neglected in their

01:53:39,350 --> 01:53:39,360
mothers who were so neglected in their
 

01:53:39,360 --> 01:53:41,589
mothers who were so neglected in their
old tattered clothes and their faces

01:53:41,589 --> 01:53:41,599
old tattered clothes and their faces
 

01:53:41,599 --> 01:53:42,790
old tattered clothes and their faces
uncared for

01:53:42,790 --> 01:53:42,800
uncared for
 

01:53:42,800 --> 01:53:50,709
uncared for
their hair uncomfortable

01:53:50,709 --> 01:53:50,719
 
 

01:53:50,719 --> 01:53:52,709
 
she had a gentle face and she spoke to

01:53:52,709 --> 01:53:52,719
she had a gentle face and she spoke to
 

01:53:52,719 --> 01:53:54,470
she had a gentle face and she spoke to
them in english which she didn't really

01:53:54,470 --> 01:53:54,480
them in english which she didn't really
 

01:53:54,480 --> 01:53:56,950
them in english which she didn't really
understand

01:53:56,950 --> 01:53:56,960
 
 

01:53:56,960 --> 01:53:59,910
 
and now after she left things improved

01:53:59,910 --> 01:53:59,920
and now after she left things improved
 

01:53:59,920 --> 01:54:03,350
and now after she left things improved
in the country

01:54:03,350 --> 01:54:03,360
 
 

01:54:03,360 --> 01:54:05,669
 
emily hobhouse had heard unconfirmed

01:54:05,669 --> 01:54:05,679
emily hobhouse had heard unconfirmed
 

01:54:05,679 --> 01:54:08,149
emily hobhouse had heard unconfirmed
reports about farm burnings and the

01:54:08,149 --> 01:54:08,159
reports about farm burnings and the
 

01:54:08,159 --> 01:54:11,750
reports about farm burnings and the
plight of poor women and children

01:54:11,750 --> 01:54:11,760
plight of poor women and children
 

01:54:11,760 --> 01:54:14,310
plight of poor women and children
a campaigner for social welfare she

01:54:14,310 --> 01:54:14,320
a campaigner for social welfare she
 

01:54:14,320 --> 01:54:18,550
a campaigner for social welfare she
reached south africa in january 1901

01:54:18,550 --> 01:54:18,560
reached south africa in january 1901
 

01:54:18,560 --> 01:54:20,790
reached south africa in january 1901
nearly a century ago she walked down

01:54:20,790 --> 01:54:20,800
nearly a century ago she walked down
 

01:54:20,800 --> 01:54:23,189
nearly a century ago she walked down
this path to meet annie strauss

01:54:23,189 --> 01:54:23,199
this path to meet annie strauss
 

01:54:23,199 --> 01:54:25,430
this path to meet annie strauss
the local boar woman who would guide her

01:54:25,430 --> 01:54:25,440
the local boar woman who would guide her
 

01:54:25,440 --> 01:54:27,350
the local boar woman who would guide her
around spring fontaine concentration

01:54:27,350 --> 01:54:27,360
around spring fontaine concentration
 

01:54:27,360 --> 01:54:29,910
around spring fontaine concentration
camp

01:54:29,910 --> 01:54:29,920
 
 

01:54:29,920 --> 01:54:32,149
 
jennifer hobhouse balm follows in her

01:54:32,149 --> 01:54:32,159
jennifer hobhouse balm follows in her
 

01:54:32,159 --> 01:54:34,390
jennifer hobhouse balm follows in her
great aunt's footsteps

01:54:34,390 --> 01:54:34,400
great aunt's footsteps
 

01:54:34,400 --> 01:54:36,310
great aunt's footsteps
her guide is annie strauss's great

01:54:36,310 --> 01:54:36,320
her guide is annie strauss's great
 

01:54:36,320 --> 01:54:39,270
her guide is annie strauss's great
granddaughter suzanne

01:54:39,270 --> 01:54:39,280
granddaughter suzanne
 

01:54:39,280 --> 01:54:40,550
granddaughter suzanne
i know

01:54:40,550 --> 01:54:40,560
i know
 

01:54:40,560 --> 01:54:43,510
i know
you must be susanne i am and you must be

01:54:43,510 --> 01:54:43,520
you must be susanne i am and you must be
 

01:54:43,520 --> 01:54:46,149
you must be susanne i am and you must be
jennifer pleased to meet you welcome

01:54:46,149 --> 01:54:46,159
jennifer pleased to meet you welcome
 

01:54:46,159 --> 01:54:47,830
jennifer pleased to meet you welcome
here

01:54:47,830 --> 01:54:47,840
here
 

01:54:47,840 --> 01:54:50,070
here
emily hobhow sat here with suzanne's

01:54:50,070 --> 01:54:50,080
emily hobhow sat here with suzanne's
 

01:54:50,080 --> 01:54:51,990
emily hobhow sat here with suzanne's
great-grandmother annie

01:54:51,990 --> 01:54:52,000
great-grandmother annie
 

01:54:52,000 --> 01:54:53,910
great-grandmother annie
distributing clothes to the women from

01:54:53,910 --> 01:54:53,920
distributing clothes to the women from
 

01:54:53,920 --> 01:54:57,830
distributing clothes to the women from
springfontaine camp next door

01:54:57,830 --> 01:54:57,840
 
 

01:54:57,840 --> 01:55:00,310
 
she had visited other camps but nowhere

01:55:00,310 --> 01:55:00,320
she had visited other camps but nowhere
 

01:55:00,320 --> 01:55:04,149
she had visited other camps but nowhere
else had she seen such extreme poverty

01:55:04,149 --> 01:55:04,159
else had she seen such extreme poverty
 

01:55:04,159 --> 01:55:06,390
else had she seen such extreme poverty
a few months after emily's visit

01:55:06,390 --> 01:55:06,400
a few months after emily's visit
 

01:55:06,400 --> 01:55:08,470
a few months after emily's visit
annie strauss and her family were

01:55:08,470 --> 01:55:08,480
annie strauss and her family were
 

01:55:08,480 --> 01:55:11,189
annie strauss and her family were
themselves moved into the camp

01:55:11,189 --> 01:55:11,199
themselves moved into the camp
 

01:55:11,199 --> 01:55:13,270
themselves moved into the camp
a precious memento has survived from

01:55:13,270 --> 01:55:13,280
a precious memento has survived from
 

01:55:13,280 --> 01:55:15,189
a precious memento has survived from
that time

01:55:15,189 --> 01:55:15,199
that time
 

01:55:15,199 --> 01:55:17,589
that time
and this little doll

01:55:17,589 --> 01:55:17,599
and this little doll
 

01:55:17,599 --> 01:55:19,830
and this little doll
it was the present

01:55:19,830 --> 01:55:19,840
it was the present
 

01:55:19,840 --> 01:55:22,470
it was the present
yes for my grandma when she was in the

01:55:22,470 --> 01:55:22,480
yes for my grandma when she was in the
 

01:55:22,480 --> 01:55:25,830
yes for my grandma when she was in the
refugee camp yes you see

01:55:25,830 --> 01:55:25,840
refugee camp yes you see
 

01:55:25,840 --> 01:55:28,870
refugee camp yes you see
there is her name and to create yeah

01:55:28,870 --> 01:55:28,880
there is her name and to create yeah
 

01:55:28,880 --> 01:55:33,589
there is her name and to create yeah
it's the old little body yes

01:55:33,589 --> 01:55:33,599
it's the old little body yes
 

01:55:33,599 --> 01:55:35,990
it's the old little body yes
refugee camp springfield

01:55:35,990 --> 01:55:36,000
refugee camp springfield
 

01:55:36,000 --> 01:55:38,070
refugee camp springfield
june 1901

01:55:38,070 --> 01:55:38,080
june 1901
 

01:55:38,080 --> 01:55:40,870
june 1901
well i think this is the same one that

01:55:40,870 --> 01:55:40,880
well i think this is the same one that
 

01:55:40,880 --> 01:55:43,510
well i think this is the same one that
uh later on there was a quite a fuss

01:55:43,510 --> 01:55:43,520
uh later on there was a quite a fuss
 

01:55:43,520 --> 01:55:44,550
uh later on there was a quite a fuss
about a

01:55:44,550 --> 01:55:44,560
about a
 

01:55:44,560 --> 01:55:46,870
about a
child called lizzie banzai

01:55:46,870 --> 01:55:46,880
child called lizzie banzai
 

01:55:46,880 --> 01:55:48,790
child called lizzie banzai
and emily had given

01:55:48,790 --> 01:55:48,800
and emily had given
 

01:55:48,800 --> 01:55:50,790
and emily had given
her the doll and you can just see the

01:55:50,790 --> 01:55:50,800
her the doll and you can just see the
 

01:55:50,800 --> 01:55:53,589
her the doll and you can just see the
doll in the picture

01:55:53,589 --> 01:55:53,599
doll in the picture
 

01:55:53,599 --> 01:55:55,669
doll in the picture
lizzie vanzal was one of a number of

01:55:55,669 --> 01:55:55,679
lizzie vanzal was one of a number of
 

01:55:55,679 --> 01:55:58,629
lizzie vanzal was one of a number of
children emily saw in varying stages of

01:55:58,629 --> 01:55:58,639
children emily saw in varying stages of
 

01:55:58,639 --> 01:56:01,030
children emily saw in varying stages of
emaciation

01:56:01,030 --> 01:56:01,040
emaciation
 

01:56:01,040 --> 01:56:03,270
emaciation
the controversy arose because this

01:56:03,270 --> 01:56:03,280
the controversy arose because this
 

01:56:03,280 --> 01:56:05,510
the controversy arose because this
photograph inspired a newspaper campaign

01:56:05,510 --> 01:56:05,520
photograph inspired a newspaper campaign
 

01:56:05,520 --> 01:56:07,830
photograph inspired a newspaper campaign
in england blaming the boers for their

01:56:07,830 --> 01:56:07,840
in england blaming the boers for their
 

01:56:07,840 --> 01:56:10,709
in england blaming the boers for their
own misfortune

01:56:10,709 --> 01:56:10,719
own misfortune
 

01:56:10,719 --> 01:56:11,830
own misfortune
the

01:56:11,830 --> 01:56:11,840
the
 

01:56:11,840 --> 01:56:14,550
the
theory put around was that

01:56:14,550 --> 01:56:14,560
theory put around was that
 

01:56:14,560 --> 01:56:15,830
theory put around was that
the people

01:56:15,830 --> 01:56:15,840
the people
 

01:56:15,840 --> 01:56:17,910
the people
were bad mothers

01:56:17,910 --> 01:56:17,920
were bad mothers
 

01:56:17,920 --> 01:56:20,870
were bad mothers
and they weren't clean

01:56:20,870 --> 01:56:20,880
and they weren't clean
 

01:56:20,880 --> 01:56:22,709
and they weren't clean
and

01:56:22,709 --> 01:56:22,719
and
 

01:56:22,719 --> 01:56:25,430
and
of course they neglected their children

01:56:25,430 --> 01:56:25,440
of course they neglected their children
 

01:56:25,440 --> 01:56:26,709
of course they neglected their children
and they

01:56:26,709 --> 01:56:26,719
and they
 

01:56:26,719 --> 01:56:29,669
and they
used dutch medicines which were

01:56:29,669 --> 01:56:29,679
used dutch medicines which were
 

01:56:29,679 --> 01:56:32,470
used dutch medicines which were
folk medicines and that was what she had

01:56:32,470 --> 01:56:32,480
folk medicines and that was what she had
 

01:56:32,480 --> 01:56:33,990
folk medicines and that was what she had
to answer

01:56:33,990 --> 01:56:34,000
to answer
 

01:56:34,000 --> 01:56:36,629
to answer
and emily felt it was extremely unfair

01:56:36,629 --> 01:56:36,639
and emily felt it was extremely unfair
 

01:56:36,639 --> 01:56:38,709
and emily felt it was extremely unfair
to try and blame it on the

01:56:38,709 --> 01:56:38,719
to try and blame it on the
 

01:56:38,719 --> 01:56:42,709
to try and blame it on the
mothers

01:56:42,709 --> 01:56:42,719
 
 

01:56:42,719 --> 01:56:45,350
 
suzanne takes jennifer across the field

01:56:45,350 --> 01:56:45,360
suzanne takes jennifer across the field
 

01:56:45,360 --> 01:56:47,669
suzanne takes jennifer across the field
once crowded with tents and people

01:56:47,669 --> 01:56:47,679
once crowded with tents and people
 

01:56:47,679 --> 01:56:50,790
once crowded with tents and people
down to the wash place by the railway

01:56:50,790 --> 01:56:50,800
down to the wash place by the railway
 

01:56:50,800 --> 01:56:53,109
down to the wash place by the railway
with water in short supply it was hard

01:56:53,109 --> 01:56:53,119
with water in short supply it was hard
 

01:56:53,119 --> 01:56:54,390
with water in short supply it was hard
to keep clean

01:56:54,390 --> 01:56:54,400
to keep clean
 

01:56:54,400 --> 01:56:57,109
to keep clean
and the british controlled the access

01:56:57,109 --> 01:56:57,119
and the british controlled the access
 

01:56:57,119 --> 01:57:00,149
and the british controlled the access
it's the women concentration camp

01:57:00,149 --> 01:57:00,159
it's the women concentration camp
 

01:57:00,159 --> 01:57:01,270
it's the women concentration camp
and the

01:57:01,270 --> 01:57:01,280
and the
 

01:57:01,280 --> 01:57:03,030
and the
stones where they could wash their

01:57:03,030 --> 01:57:03,040
stones where they could wash their
 

01:57:03,040 --> 01:57:06,629
stones where they could wash their
clothes and the bell that they used

01:57:06,629 --> 01:57:06,639
clothes and the bell that they used
 

01:57:06,639 --> 01:57:08,390
clothes and the bell that they used
to call the people

01:57:08,390 --> 01:57:08,400
to call the people
 

01:57:08,400 --> 01:57:10,950
to call the people
for their turn it looks like a bit of

01:57:10,950 --> 01:57:10,960
for their turn it looks like a bit of
 

01:57:10,960 --> 01:57:11,750
for their turn it looks like a bit of
old

01:57:11,750 --> 01:57:11,760
old
 

01:57:11,760 --> 01:57:14,870
old
railway line this was the piece the bell

01:57:14,870 --> 01:57:14,880
railway line this was the piece the bell
 

01:57:14,880 --> 01:57:17,270
railway line this was the piece the bell
that they used you see how many a time

01:57:17,270 --> 01:57:17,280
that they used you see how many a time
 

01:57:17,280 --> 01:57:22,470
that they used you see how many a time
they used it and they

01:57:22,470 --> 01:57:22,480
 
 

01:57:22,480 --> 01:57:24,310
 
there was no soap in the restrooms when

01:57:24,310 --> 01:57:24,320
there was no soap in the restrooms when
 

01:57:24,320 --> 01:57:26,550
there was no soap in the restrooms when
emily came out here well it was all

01:57:26,550 --> 01:57:26,560
emily came out here well it was all
 

01:57:26,560 --> 01:57:29,189
emily came out here well it was all
right for the women who could buy things

01:57:29,189 --> 01:57:29,199
right for the women who could buy things
 

01:57:29,199 --> 01:57:30,070
right for the women who could buy things
but

01:57:30,070 --> 01:57:30,080
but
 

01:57:30,080 --> 01:57:32,950
but
a lot of them had no money and

01:57:32,950 --> 01:57:32,960
a lot of them had no money and
 

01:57:32,960 --> 01:57:35,189
a lot of them had no money and
they they were completely reliant on the

01:57:35,189 --> 01:57:35,199
they they were completely reliant on the
 

01:57:35,199 --> 01:57:36,790
they they were completely reliant on the
rations that they

01:57:36,790 --> 01:57:36,800
rations that they
 

01:57:36,800 --> 01:57:40,629
rations that they
were given and that was a tragedy

01:57:40,629 --> 01:57:40,639
were given and that was a tragedy
 

01:57:40,639 --> 01:57:48,510
were given and that was a tragedy
well each tent had a tragedy

01:57:48,510 --> 01:57:48,520
 
 

01:57:48,520 --> 01:57:53,589
 
[Music]

01:57:53,589 --> 01:57:53,599
 
 

01:57:53,599 --> 01:57:55,910
 
the more camps emily visited

01:57:55,910 --> 01:57:55,920
the more camps emily visited
 

01:57:55,920 --> 01:57:58,149
the more camps emily visited
the more aware she became of the scale

01:57:58,149 --> 01:57:58,159
the more aware she became of the scale
 

01:57:58,159 --> 01:58:01,589
the more aware she became of the scale
of the dying

01:58:01,589 --> 01:58:01,599
 
 

01:58:01,599 --> 01:58:03,430
 
i began to compare a parish i had known

01:58:03,430 --> 01:58:03,440
i began to compare a parish i had known
 

01:58:03,440 --> 01:58:06,070
i began to compare a parish i had known
at home of 2 000 people where a funeral

01:58:06,070 --> 01:58:06,080
at home of 2 000 people where a funeral
 

01:58:06,080 --> 01:58:08,820
at home of 2 000 people where a funeral
was an event

01:58:08,820 --> 01:58:08,830
 
 

01:58:08,830 --> 01:58:10,149
 
[Music]

01:58:10,149 --> 01:58:10,159
[Music]
 

01:58:10,159 --> 01:58:13,109
[Music]
here some 20 to 25 were carried away

01:58:13,109 --> 01:58:13,119
here some 20 to 25 were carried away
 

01:58:13,119 --> 01:58:15,430
here some 20 to 25 were carried away
daily

01:58:15,430 --> 01:58:15,440
daily
 

01:58:15,440 --> 01:58:17,350
daily
the full realization of the position

01:58:17,350 --> 01:58:17,360
the full realization of the position
 

01:58:17,360 --> 01:58:19,109
the full realization of the position
dawned upon me

01:58:19,109 --> 01:58:19,119
dawned upon me
 

01:58:19,119 --> 01:58:21,189
dawned upon me
it was a death rate such as had never

01:58:21,189 --> 01:58:21,199
it was a death rate such as had never
 

01:58:21,199 --> 01:58:22,950
it was a death rate such as had never
been known except in the times of the

01:58:22,950 --> 01:58:22,960
been known except in the times of the
 

01:58:22,960 --> 01:58:24,060
been known except in the times of the
great plagues

01:58:24,060 --> 01:58:24,070
great plagues
 

01:58:24,070 --> 01:58:25,430
great plagues
[Music]

01:58:25,430 --> 01:58:25,440
[Music]
 

01:58:25,440 --> 01:58:27,990
[Music]
the whole talk was of death

01:58:27,990 --> 01:58:28,000
the whole talk was of death
 

01:58:28,000 --> 01:58:31,430
the whole talk was of death
who died yesterday who lay dying today

01:58:31,430 --> 01:58:31,440
who died yesterday who lay dying today
 

01:58:31,440 --> 01:58:36,390
who died yesterday who lay dying today
who would be dead tomorrow

01:58:36,390 --> 01:58:36,400
 
 

01:58:36,400 --> 01:58:39,990
 
another child had died in the night

01:58:39,990 --> 01:58:40,000
another child had died in the night
 

01:58:40,000 --> 01:58:41,990
another child had died in the night
and i found all three little corpses

01:58:41,990 --> 01:58:42,000
and i found all three little corpses
 

01:58:42,000 --> 01:58:44,149
and i found all three little corpses
being photographed for the absent

01:58:44,149 --> 01:58:44,159
being photographed for the absent
 

01:58:44,159 --> 01:58:50,709
being photographed for the absent
fathers to see someday

01:58:50,709 --> 01:58:50,719
 
 

01:58:50,719 --> 01:58:53,270
 
emily was devastated by the death rates

01:58:53,270 --> 01:58:53,280
emily was devastated by the death rates
 

01:58:53,280 --> 01:58:54,629
emily was devastated by the death rates
amongst the

01:58:54,629 --> 01:58:54,639
amongst the
 

01:58:54,639 --> 01:58:56,709
amongst the
especially amongst the children she

01:58:56,709 --> 01:58:56,719
especially amongst the children she
 

01:58:56,719 --> 01:58:58,950
especially amongst the children she
loved children

01:58:58,950 --> 01:58:58,960
loved children
 

01:58:58,960 --> 01:58:59,830
loved children
she

01:58:59,830 --> 01:58:59,840
she
 

01:58:59,840 --> 01:59:02,550
she
felt they were completely innocent

01:59:02,550 --> 01:59:02,560
felt they were completely innocent
 

01:59:02,560 --> 01:59:04,709
felt they were completely innocent
the women might support their husbands

01:59:04,709 --> 01:59:04,719
the women might support their husbands
 

01:59:04,719 --> 01:59:05,830
the women might support their husbands
but the

01:59:05,830 --> 01:59:05,840
but the
 

01:59:05,840 --> 01:59:07,830
but the
children were rarely

01:59:07,830 --> 01:59:07,840
children were rarely
 

01:59:07,840 --> 01:59:09,910
children were rarely
the brunt of the wars

01:59:09,910 --> 01:59:09,920
the brunt of the wars
 

01:59:09,920 --> 01:59:13,990
the brunt of the wars
on them

01:59:13,990 --> 01:59:14,000
 
 

01:59:14,000 --> 01:59:16,070
 
emily saw for herself how families

01:59:16,070 --> 01:59:16,080
emily saw for herself how families
 

01:59:16,080 --> 01:59:21,589
emily saw for herself how families
suffered even before reaching the camps

01:59:21,589 --> 01:59:21,599
 
 

01:59:21,599 --> 01:59:23,510
 
on springfontaine railway station she

01:59:23,510 --> 01:59:23,520
on springfontaine railway station she
 

01:59:23,520 --> 01:59:25,589
on springfontaine railway station she
found 600 people

01:59:25,589 --> 01:59:25,599
found 600 people
 

01:59:25,599 --> 01:59:27,510
found 600 people
huddled under trucks and makeshift

01:59:27,510 --> 01:59:27,520
huddled under trucks and makeshift
 

01:59:27,520 --> 01:59:29,750
huddled under trucks and makeshift
canopies

01:59:29,750 --> 01:59:29,760
canopies
 

01:59:29,760 --> 01:59:31,750
canopies
such a shelter i was called to see a

01:59:31,750 --> 01:59:31,760
such a shelter i was called to see a
 

01:59:31,760 --> 01:59:33,030
such a shelter i was called to see a
sick baby

01:59:33,030 --> 01:59:33,040
sick baby
 

01:59:33,040 --> 01:59:35,589
sick baby
the mother sat on her little trunk

01:59:35,589 --> 01:59:35,599
the mother sat on her little trunk
 

01:59:35,599 --> 01:59:37,830
the mother sat on her little trunk
with the child across her knee

01:59:37,830 --> 01:59:37,840
with the child across her knee
 

01:59:37,840 --> 01:59:40,229
with the child across her knee
she had nothing to give it and the child

01:59:40,229 --> 01:59:40,239
she had nothing to give it and the child
 

01:59:40,239 --> 01:59:42,790
she had nothing to give it and the child
was sinking fast i thought a few drops

01:59:42,790 --> 01:59:42,800
was sinking fast i thought a few drops
 

01:59:42,800 --> 01:59:45,270
was sinking fast i thought a few drops
of brandy might save it but though i had

01:59:45,270 --> 01:59:45,280
of brandy might save it but though i had
 

01:59:45,280 --> 01:59:47,669
of brandy might save it but though i had
money there was none to be had

01:59:47,669 --> 01:59:47,679
money there was none to be had
 

01:59:47,679 --> 01:59:49,589
money there was none to be had
i thought of the superintendent of the

01:59:49,589 --> 01:59:49,599
i thought of the superintendent of the
 

01:59:49,599 --> 01:59:52,629
i thought of the superintendent of the
camp a mile off and sent a hasty message

01:59:52,629 --> 01:59:52,639
camp a mile off and sent a hasty message
 

01:59:52,639 --> 01:59:55,030
camp a mile off and sent a hasty message
to ask him to let me have some bird sick

01:59:55,030 --> 01:59:55,040
to ask him to let me have some bird sick
 

01:59:55,040 --> 01:59:57,669
to ask him to let me have some bird sick
child but the reply was that his

01:59:57,669 --> 01:59:57,679
child but the reply was that his
 

01:59:57,679 --> 02:00:01,189
child but the reply was that his
supplies were only for his camp

02:00:01,189 --> 02:00:01,199
supplies were only for his camp
 

02:00:01,199 --> 02:00:03,270
supplies were only for his camp
there was nothing to be done and we

02:00:03,270 --> 02:00:03,280
there was nothing to be done and we
 

02:00:03,280 --> 02:00:05,910
there was nothing to be done and we
watched the child draw its last breath

02:00:05,910 --> 02:00:05,920
watched the child draw its last breath
 

02:00:05,920 --> 02:00:07,990
watched the child draw its last breath
in reverent silence

02:00:07,990 --> 02:00:08,000
in reverent silence
 

02:00:08,000 --> 02:00:11,270
in reverent silence
the mother neither moved nor wept it was

02:00:11,270 --> 02:00:11,280
the mother neither moved nor wept it was
 

02:00:11,280 --> 02:00:13,030
the mother neither moved nor wept it was
her only child

02:00:13,030 --> 02:00:13,040
her only child
 

02:00:13,040 --> 02:00:16,070
her only child
dry eyed but destly white she sat there

02:00:16,070 --> 02:00:16,080
dry eyed but destly white she sat there
 

02:00:16,080 --> 02:00:18,950
dry eyed but destly white she sat there
motionless looking not at the child but

02:00:18,950 --> 02:00:18,960
motionless looking not at the child but
 

02:00:18,960 --> 02:00:20,790
motionless looking not at the child but
far far away

02:00:20,790 --> 02:00:20,800
far far away
 

02:00:20,800 --> 02:00:23,030
far far away
into the depths of grief beyond all

02:00:23,030 --> 02:00:23,040
into the depths of grief beyond all
 

02:00:23,040 --> 02:00:27,890
into the depths of grief beyond all
tears

02:00:27,890 --> 02:00:27,900
 
 

02:00:27,900 --> 02:00:35,430
 
[Music]

02:00:35,430 --> 02:00:35,440
[Music]
 

02:00:35,440 --> 02:00:37,669
[Music]
this description of emily's was to

02:00:37,669 --> 02:00:37,679
this description of emily's was to
 

02:00:37,679 --> 02:00:39,910
this description of emily's was to
inspire the tableau at the heart of the

02:00:39,910 --> 02:00:39,920
inspire the tableau at the heart of the
 

02:00:39,920 --> 02:00:43,480
inspire the tableau at the heart of the
women's memorial in bloomfontaine

02:00:43,480 --> 02:00:43,490
women's memorial in bloomfontaine
 

02:00:43,490 --> 02:00:45,510
women's memorial in bloomfontaine
[Music]

02:00:45,510 --> 02:00:45,520
[Music]
 

02:00:45,520 --> 02:00:47,669
[Music]
she returned to england and wrote a

02:00:47,669 --> 02:00:47,679
she returned to england and wrote a
 

02:00:47,679 --> 02:00:50,390
she returned to england and wrote a
report describing the camps

02:00:50,390 --> 02:00:50,400
report describing the camps
 

02:00:50,400 --> 02:00:52,550
report describing the camps
urging reform if not abolition of the

02:00:52,550 --> 02:00:52,560
urging reform if not abolition of the
 

02:00:52,560 --> 02:00:55,430
urging reform if not abolition of the
whole system but her views were not

02:00:55,430 --> 02:00:55,440
whole system but her views were not
 

02:00:55,440 --> 02:00:57,750
whole system but her views were not
welcome

02:00:57,750 --> 02:00:57,760
welcome
 

02:00:57,760 --> 02:00:59,270
welcome
many people

02:00:59,270 --> 02:00:59,280
many people
 

02:00:59,280 --> 02:01:03,189
many people
thought that emily was a traitor

02:01:03,189 --> 02:01:03,199
thought that emily was a traitor
 

02:01:03,199 --> 02:01:06,390
thought that emily was a traitor
so they were very rude to emily a lot of

02:01:06,390 --> 02:01:06,400
so they were very rude to emily a lot of
 

02:01:06,400 --> 02:01:09,589
so they were very rude to emily a lot of
people in the drawing rooms of london

02:01:09,589 --> 02:01:09,599
people in the drawing rooms of london
 

02:01:09,599 --> 02:01:10,310
people in the drawing rooms of london
they

02:01:10,310 --> 02:01:10,320
they
 

02:01:10,320 --> 02:01:12,790
they
if she was introduced they'd turn their

02:01:12,790 --> 02:01:12,800
if she was introduced they'd turn their
 

02:01:12,800 --> 02:01:13,910
if she was introduced they'd turn their
back

02:01:13,910 --> 02:01:13,920
back
 

02:01:13,920 --> 02:01:15,910
back
and

02:01:15,910 --> 02:01:15,920
and
 

02:01:15,920 --> 02:01:19,350
and
they just weren't prepared to listen

02:01:19,350 --> 02:01:19,360
they just weren't prepared to listen
 

02:01:19,360 --> 02:01:20,950
they just weren't prepared to listen
but the liberal opposition leader

02:01:20,950 --> 02:01:20,960
but the liberal opposition leader
 

02:01:20,960 --> 02:01:22,629
but the liberal opposition leader
listened

02:01:22,629 --> 02:01:22,639
listened
 

02:01:22,639 --> 02:01:24,950
listened
drawing on emily's information sir henry

02:01:24,950 --> 02:01:24,960
drawing on emily's information sir henry
 

02:01:24,960 --> 02:01:27,189
drawing on emily's information sir henry
campbell bannerman publicly denounced

02:01:27,189 --> 02:01:27,199
campbell bannerman publicly denounced
 

02:01:27,199 --> 02:01:29,189
campbell bannerman publicly denounced
the methods of barbarism being used

02:01:29,189 --> 02:01:29,199
the methods of barbarism being used
 

02:01:29,199 --> 02:01:32,310
the methods of barbarism being used
against the boers

02:01:32,310 --> 02:01:32,320
 
 

02:01:32,320 --> 02:01:34,790
 
the daily news gave a full page to

02:01:34,790 --> 02:01:34,800
the daily news gave a full page to
 

02:01:34,800 --> 02:01:37,990
the daily news gave a full page to
emily's report on the camps

02:01:37,990 --> 02:01:38,000
emily's report on the camps
 

02:01:38,000 --> 02:01:39,830
emily's report on the camps
including her description of the misery

02:01:39,830 --> 02:01:39,840
including her description of the misery
 

02:01:39,840 --> 02:01:47,109
including her description of the misery
she witnessed at spring fontaine

02:01:47,109 --> 02:01:47,119
 
 

02:01:47,119 --> 02:01:49,669
 
a vociferous minority in britain opposed

02:01:49,669 --> 02:01:49,679
a vociferous minority in britain opposed
 

02:01:49,679 --> 02:01:51,109
a vociferous minority in britain opposed
the boer war

02:01:51,109 --> 02:01:51,119
the boer war
 

02:01:51,119 --> 02:01:53,270
the boer war
someone moral others on political

02:01:53,270 --> 02:01:53,280
someone moral others on political
 

02:01:53,280 --> 02:01:55,189
someone moral others on political
grounds

02:01:55,189 --> 02:01:55,199
grounds
 

02:01:55,199 --> 02:02:01,430
grounds
emily's revelations came as a godsend

02:02:01,430 --> 02:02:01,440
 
 

02:02:01,440 --> 02:02:03,350
 
but anti-war speakers like the young

02:02:03,350 --> 02:02:03,360
but anti-war speakers like the young
 

02:02:03,360 --> 02:02:06,229
but anti-war speakers like the young
liberal mp david lloyd george had great

02:02:06,229 --> 02:02:06,239
liberal mp david lloyd george had great
 

02:02:06,239 --> 02:02:08,390
liberal mp david lloyd george had great
difficulty getting their views across

02:02:08,390 --> 02:02:08,400
difficulty getting their views across
 

02:02:08,400 --> 02:02:12,550
difficulty getting their views across
as a silent feature film showed

02:02:12,550 --> 02:02:12,560
 
 

02:02:12,560 --> 02:02:14,790
 
the crowd branded him a traitor and

02:02:14,790 --> 02:02:14,800
the crowd branded him a traitor and
 

02:02:14,800 --> 02:02:18,310
the crowd branded him a traitor and
rioted

02:02:18,310 --> 02:02:18,320
 
 

02:02:18,320 --> 02:02:20,390
 
the tory establishment also went on the

02:02:20,390 --> 02:02:20,400
the tory establishment also went on the
 

02:02:20,400 --> 02:02:23,109
the tory establishment also went on the
attack exemplified by a contributor to

02:02:23,109 --> 02:02:23,119
attack exemplified by a contributor to
 

02:02:23,119 --> 02:02:25,030
attack exemplified by a contributor to
the times

02:02:25,030 --> 02:02:25,040
the times
 

02:02:25,040 --> 02:02:26,870
the times
the boar women have proved themselves to

02:02:26,870 --> 02:02:26,880
the boar women have proved themselves to
 

02:02:26,880 --> 02:02:29,750
the boar women have proved themselves to
be very dangerous enemies

02:02:29,750 --> 02:02:29,760
be very dangerous enemies
 

02:02:29,760 --> 02:02:31,990
be very dangerous enemies
we may admire their courage but they

02:02:31,990 --> 02:02:32,000
we may admire their courage but they
 

02:02:32,000 --> 02:02:33,350
we may admire their courage but they
have forfeited the right to be

02:02:33,350 --> 02:02:33,360
have forfeited the right to be
 

02:02:33,360 --> 02:02:36,149
have forfeited the right to be
considered non-belligerents

02:02:36,149 --> 02:02:36,159
considered non-belligerents
 

02:02:36,159 --> 02:02:37,750
considered non-belligerents
but british high commissioner in south

02:02:37,750 --> 02:02:37,760
but british high commissioner in south
 

02:02:37,760 --> 02:02:41,109
but british high commissioner in south
africa lord milner had no illusions in

02:02:41,109 --> 02:02:41,119
africa lord milner had no illusions in
 

02:02:41,119 --> 02:02:43,669
africa lord milner had no illusions in
private about where the responsibility

02:02:43,669 --> 02:02:43,679
private about where the responsibility
 

02:02:43,679 --> 02:02:46,070
private about where the responsibility
lay

02:02:46,070 --> 02:02:46,080
lay
 

02:02:46,080 --> 02:02:47,910
lay
while a hundred explanations may be

02:02:47,910 --> 02:02:47,920
while a hundred explanations may be
 

02:02:47,920 --> 02:02:48,790
while a hundred explanations may be
offered

02:02:48,790 --> 02:02:48,800
offered
 

02:02:48,800 --> 02:02:51,270
offered
and a hundred excuses made

02:02:51,270 --> 02:02:51,280
and a hundred excuses made
 

02:02:51,280 --> 02:02:53,189
and a hundred excuses made
they do not really add up to an adequate

02:02:53,189 --> 02:02:53,199
they do not really add up to an adequate
 

02:02:53,199 --> 02:02:55,510
they do not really add up to an adequate
defense

02:02:55,510 --> 02:02:55,520
defense
 

02:02:55,520 --> 02:02:57,350
defense
the children will all be dead by the

02:02:57,350 --> 02:02:57,360
the children will all be dead by the
 

02:02:57,360 --> 02:02:59,990
the children will all be dead by the
spring of 1903

02:02:59,990 --> 02:03:00,000
spring of 1903
 

02:03:00,000 --> 02:03:02,550
spring of 1903
only i shall not be there to see

02:03:02,550 --> 02:03:02,560
only i shall not be there to see
 

02:03:02,560 --> 02:03:04,310
only i shall not be there to see
as the continuance of the present state

02:03:04,310 --> 02:03:04,320
as the continuance of the present state
 

02:03:04,320 --> 02:03:06,629
as the continuance of the present state
of affairs will undoubtedly blow us all

02:03:06,629 --> 02:03:06,639
of affairs will undoubtedly blow us all
 

02:03:06,639 --> 02:03:16,149
of affairs will undoubtedly blow us all
out of the water

02:03:16,149 --> 02:03:16,159
 
 

02:03:16,159 --> 02:03:18,149
 
by autumn 1901

02:03:18,149 --> 02:03:18,159
by autumn 1901
 

02:03:18,159 --> 02:03:19,990
by autumn 1901
britain's concentration camps in south

02:03:19,990 --> 02:03:20,000
britain's concentration camps in south
 

02:03:20,000 --> 02:03:23,220
britain's concentration camps in south
africa were an international scandal

02:03:23,220 --> 02:03:23,230
africa were an international scandal
 

02:03:23,230 --> 02:03:26,310
africa were an international scandal
[Music]

02:03:26,310 --> 02:03:26,320
[Music]
 

02:03:26,320 --> 02:03:28,790
[Music]
the european press reveled in britain's

02:03:28,790 --> 02:03:28,800
the european press reveled in britain's
 

02:03:28,800 --> 02:03:31,090
the european press reveled in britain's
shame

02:03:31,090 --> 02:03:31,100
shame
 

02:03:31,100 --> 02:03:35,430
shame
[Music]

02:03:35,430 --> 02:03:35,440
[Music]
 

02:03:35,440 --> 02:03:37,830
[Music]
edward vii deserved to hang for his

02:03:37,830 --> 02:03:37,840
edward vii deserved to hang for his
 

02:03:37,840 --> 02:03:45,109
edward vii deserved to hang for his
country's crimes

02:03:45,109 --> 02:03:45,119
 
 

02:03:45,119 --> 02:03:47,810
 
kitchener was a bloodthirsty monster

02:03:47,810 --> 02:03:47,820
kitchener was a bloodthirsty monster
 

02:03:47,820 --> 02:03:51,910
kitchener was a bloodthirsty monster
[Music]

02:03:51,910 --> 02:03:51,920
[Music]
 

02:03:51,920 --> 02:03:53,990
[Music]
but not every poor woman and child fell

02:03:53,990 --> 02:03:54,000
but not every poor woman and child fell
 

02:03:54,000 --> 02:03:57,910
but not every poor woman and child fell
into his clutches

02:03:57,910 --> 02:03:57,920
 
 

02:03:57,920 --> 02:04:00,390
 
some women like elizabeth vandenberg

02:04:00,390 --> 02:04:00,400
some women like elizabeth vandenberg
 

02:04:00,400 --> 02:04:02,149
some women like elizabeth vandenberg
took drastic steps

02:04:02,149 --> 02:04:02,159
took drastic steps
 

02:04:02,159 --> 02:04:07,510
took drastic steps
as she told her daughter ada

02:04:07,510 --> 02:04:07,520
 
 

02:04:07,520 --> 02:04:12,390
 
sweden

02:04:12,390 --> 02:04:12,400
 
 

02:04:12,400 --> 02:04:14,629
 
it was vital for them to hide themselves

02:04:14,629 --> 02:04:14,639
it was vital for them to hide themselves
 

02:04:14,639 --> 02:04:17,430
it was vital for them to hide themselves
as well as possible

02:04:17,430 --> 02:04:17,440
as well as possible
 

02:04:17,440 --> 02:04:19,270
as well as possible
they were scared of the concentration

02:04:19,270 --> 02:04:19,280
they were scared of the concentration
 

02:04:19,280 --> 02:04:22,390
they were scared of the concentration
camps

02:04:22,390 --> 02:04:22,400
 
 

02:04:22,400 --> 02:04:24,950
 
my mother had heard about lots of people

02:04:24,950 --> 02:04:24,960
my mother had heard about lots of people
 

02:04:24,960 --> 02:04:37,270
my mother had heard about lots of people
especially children dying in the camps

02:04:37,270 --> 02:04:37,280
 
 

02:04:37,280 --> 02:04:39,589
 
ada prinsloo's mother escaped with a

02:04:39,589 --> 02:04:39,599
ada prinsloo's mother escaped with a
 

02:04:39,599 --> 02:04:41,510
ada prinsloo's mother escaped with a
group of women into the mountains of the

02:04:41,510 --> 02:04:41,520
group of women into the mountains of the
 

02:04:41,520 --> 02:04:43,440
group of women into the mountains of the
eastern free state

02:04:43,440 --> 02:04:43,450
eastern free state
 

02:04:43,450 --> 02:04:47,109
eastern free state
[Music]

02:04:47,109 --> 02:04:47,119
[Music]
 

02:04:47,119 --> 02:04:49,589
[Music]
this cave was one of many hiding places

02:04:49,589 --> 02:04:49,599
this cave was one of many hiding places
 

02:04:49,599 --> 02:04:54,629
this cave was one of many hiding places
women used in the boer wall

02:04:54,629 --> 02:04:54,639
 
 

02:04:54,639 --> 02:04:55,589
 
my

02:04:55,589 --> 02:04:55,599
my
 

02:04:55,599 --> 02:04:56,950
my
sister is

02:04:56,950 --> 02:04:56,960
sister is
 

02:04:56,960 --> 02:04:58,390
sister is
dar

02:04:58,390 --> 02:04:58,400
dar
 

02:04:58,400 --> 02:05:02,069
dar
my oldest sister was born in the cave

02:05:02,069 --> 02:05:02,079
my oldest sister was born in the cave
 

02:05:02,079 --> 02:05:03,830
my oldest sister was born in the cave
seven babies in all were born in the

02:05:03,830 --> 02:05:03,840
seven babies in all were born in the
 

02:05:03,840 --> 02:05:11,189
seven babies in all were born in the
cave

02:05:11,189 --> 02:05:11,199
 
 

02:05:11,199 --> 02:05:12,790
 
because they did not have water to bathe

02:05:12,790 --> 02:05:12,800
because they did not have water to bathe
 

02:05:12,800 --> 02:05:14,950
because they did not have water to bathe
the children with they smeared goat fat

02:05:14,950 --> 02:05:14,960
the children with they smeared goat fat
 

02:05:14,960 --> 02:05:22,310
the children with they smeared goat fat
on her body to clean her up

02:05:22,310 --> 02:05:22,320
 
 

02:05:22,320 --> 02:05:24,310
 
one morning aunt martha said that if she

02:05:24,310 --> 02:05:24,320
one morning aunt martha said that if she
 

02:05:24,320 --> 02:05:27,510
one morning aunt martha said that if she
didn't get a cup of coffee she'd die

02:05:27,510 --> 02:05:27,520
didn't get a cup of coffee she'd die
 

02:05:27,520 --> 02:05:29,669
didn't get a cup of coffee she'd die
the other women said uh please the

02:05:29,669 --> 02:05:29,679
the other women said uh please the
 

02:05:29,679 --> 02:05:31,430
the other women said uh please the
mountain's crawling with english we

02:05:31,430 --> 02:05:31,440
mountain's crawling with english we
 

02:05:31,440 --> 02:05:33,350
mountain's crawling with english we
can't make a fire

02:05:33,350 --> 02:05:33,360
can't make a fire
 

02:05:33,360 --> 02:05:34,550
can't make a fire
but she said

02:05:34,550 --> 02:05:34,560
but she said
 

02:05:34,560 --> 02:05:36,950
but she said
english or no english today i'm having

02:05:36,950 --> 02:05:36,960
english or no english today i'm having
 

02:05:36,960 --> 02:05:38,470
english or no english today i'm having
coffee

02:05:38,470 --> 02:05:38,480
coffee
 

02:05:38,480 --> 02:05:40,550
coffee
she got some water and she gathered some

02:05:40,550 --> 02:05:40,560
she got some water and she gathered some
 

02:05:40,560 --> 02:05:44,310
she got some water and she gathered some
back droppings to make a fire

02:05:44,310 --> 02:05:44,320
 
 

02:05:44,320 --> 02:05:46,390
 
and the smoke had barely left the cave

02:05:46,390 --> 02:05:46,400
and the smoke had barely left the cave
 

02:05:46,400 --> 02:05:58,390
and the smoke had barely left the cave
when guns

02:05:58,390 --> 02:05:58,400
 
 

02:05:58,400 --> 02:05:59,830
 
just before the women reached the

02:05:59,830 --> 02:05:59,840
just before the women reached the
 

02:05:59,840 --> 02:06:02,310
just before the women reached the
concentration camp they were rescued by

02:06:02,310 --> 02:06:02,320
concentration camp they were rescued by
 

02:06:02,320 --> 02:06:07,589
concentration camp they were rescued by
a boar commando

02:06:07,589 --> 02:06:07,599
 
 

02:06:07,599 --> 02:06:09,430
 
mummy said that they just fled from one

02:06:09,430 --> 02:06:09,440
mummy said that they just fled from one
 

02:06:09,440 --> 02:06:11,270
mummy said that they just fled from one
place to the next

02:06:11,270 --> 02:06:11,280
place to the next
 

02:06:11,280 --> 02:06:12,950
place to the next
the karana mountains are high and there

02:06:12,950 --> 02:06:12,960
the karana mountains are high and there
 

02:06:12,960 --> 02:06:24,790
the karana mountains are high and there
are quite a few places to hide

02:06:24,790 --> 02:06:24,800
 
 

02:06:24,800 --> 02:06:27,350
 
black loyalties were split

02:06:27,350 --> 02:06:27,360
black loyalties were split
 

02:06:27,360 --> 02:06:29,510
black loyalties were split
some sided with the british

02:06:29,510 --> 02:06:29,520
some sided with the british
 

02:06:29,520 --> 02:06:31,109
some sided with the british
others remained loyal to the boer

02:06:31,109 --> 02:06:31,119
others remained loyal to the boer
 

02:06:31,119 --> 02:06:34,629
others remained loyal to the boer
families for whom they worked

02:06:34,629 --> 02:06:34,639
 
 

02:06:34,639 --> 02:06:36,629
 
paulie mcquenna's mother went into

02:06:36,629 --> 02:06:36,639
paulie mcquenna's mother went into
 

02:06:36,639 --> 02:06:41,669
paulie mcquenna's mother went into
hiding with her white mistress

02:06:41,669 --> 02:06:41,679
 
 

02:06:41,679 --> 02:06:54,310
 
that

02:06:54,310 --> 02:06:54,320
 
 

02:06:54,320 --> 02:06:56,470
 
when the food was finished my mother

02:06:56,470 --> 02:06:56,480
when the food was finished my mother
 

02:06:56,480 --> 02:07:01,830
when the food was finished my mother
would go down to the village

02:07:01,830 --> 02:07:01,840
 
 

02:07:01,840 --> 02:07:03,830
 
when she had found some

02:07:03,830 --> 02:07:03,840
when she had found some
 

02:07:03,840 --> 02:07:05,669
when she had found some
she would take it back to them

02:07:05,669 --> 02:07:05,679
she would take it back to them
 

02:07:05,679 --> 02:07:07,589
she would take it back to them
she took it to the woman living in the

02:07:07,589 --> 02:07:07,599
she took it to the woman living in the
 

02:07:07,599 --> 02:07:13,110
she took it to the woman living in the
cave in the mountains

02:07:13,110 --> 02:07:13,120
 
 

02:07:13,120 --> 02:07:19,430
 
[Music]

02:07:19,430 --> 02:07:19,440
 
 

02:07:19,440 --> 02:07:21,109
 
he used to smear the woman with

02:07:21,109 --> 02:07:21,119
he used to smear the woman with
 

02:07:21,119 --> 02:07:24,870
he used to smear the woman with
something like dye or paint or oil

02:07:24,870 --> 02:07:24,880
something like dye or paint or oil
 

02:07:24,880 --> 02:07:28,750
something like dye or paint or oil
to

02:07:28,750 --> 02:07:28,760
 
 

02:07:28,760 --> 02:07:37,589
 
[Music]

02:07:37,589 --> 02:07:37,599
 
 

02:07:37,599 --> 02:07:39,669
 
keeping one jump ahead of british mobile

02:07:39,669 --> 02:07:39,679
keeping one jump ahead of british mobile
 

02:07:39,679 --> 02:07:42,310
keeping one jump ahead of british mobile
columns

02:07:42,310 --> 02:07:42,320
 
 

02:07:42,320 --> 02:07:44,229
 
the traditional subservient role of

02:07:44,229 --> 02:07:44,239
the traditional subservient role of
 

02:07:44,239 --> 02:07:48,149
the traditional subservient role of
women in boer society was changing

02:07:48,149 --> 02:07:48,159
women in boer society was changing
 

02:07:48,159 --> 02:07:49,750
women in boer society was changing
responsibility for their families

02:07:49,750 --> 02:07:49,760
responsibility for their families
 

02:07:49,760 --> 02:07:52,069
responsibility for their families
survival on the belt and their defiant

02:07:52,069 --> 02:07:52,079
survival on the belt and their defiant
 

02:07:52,079 --> 02:07:54,950
survival on the belt and their defiant
stoicism in the camps gave poor women

02:07:54,950 --> 02:07:54,960
stoicism in the camps gave poor women
 

02:07:54,960 --> 02:07:56,390
stoicism in the camps gave poor women
new authority

02:07:56,390 --> 02:07:56,400
new authority
 

02:07:56,400 --> 02:07:57,460
new authority
new commitment

02:07:57,460 --> 02:07:57,470
new commitment
 

02:07:57,470 --> 02:07:59,589
new commitment
[Music]

02:07:59,589 --> 02:07:59,599
[Music]
 

02:07:59,599 --> 02:08:01,510
[Music]
in many ways they had made the bull

02:08:01,510 --> 02:08:01,520
in many ways they had made the bull
 

02:08:01,520 --> 02:08:08,069
in many ways they had made the bull
cause their own

02:08:08,069 --> 02:08:08,079
 
 

02:08:08,079 --> 02:08:11,109
 
like to be photographed holding guns

02:08:11,109 --> 02:08:11,119
like to be photographed holding guns
 

02:08:11,119 --> 02:08:15,109
like to be photographed holding guns
a handful actually went to war

02:08:15,109 --> 02:08:15,119
a handful actually went to war
 

02:08:15,119 --> 02:08:17,189
a handful actually went to war
helena herbst wagner dressed in her

02:08:17,189 --> 02:08:17,199
helena herbst wagner dressed in her
 

02:08:17,199 --> 02:08:19,510
helena herbst wagner dressed in her
husband's clothes and spent five months

02:08:19,510 --> 02:08:19,520
husband's clothes and spent five months
 

02:08:19,520 --> 02:08:21,189
husband's clothes and spent five months
fighting alongside men

02:08:21,189 --> 02:08:21,199
fighting alongside men
 

02:08:21,199 --> 02:08:23,990
fighting alongside men
before they realized her true identity

02:08:23,990 --> 02:08:24,000
before they realized her true identity
 

02:08:24,000 --> 02:08:29,589
before they realized her true identity
and there were others

02:08:29,589 --> 02:08:29,599
 
 

02:08:29,599 --> 02:08:32,229
 
as an example

02:08:32,229 --> 02:08:32,239
as an example
 

02:08:32,239 --> 02:08:33,589
as an example
she was in the springfontaine

02:08:33,589 --> 02:08:33,599
she was in the springfontaine
 

02:08:33,599 --> 02:08:45,030
she was in the springfontaine
concentration camp

02:08:45,030 --> 02:08:45,040
 
 

02:08:45,040 --> 02:08:47,189
 
interestingly enough from her memoirs

02:08:47,189 --> 02:08:47,199
interestingly enough from her memoirs
 

02:08:47,199 --> 02:08:57,669
interestingly enough from her memoirs
one never learns if she had ever shot

02:08:57,669 --> 02:08:57,679
 
 

02:08:57,679 --> 02:09:08,010
 
for taking up arms

02:09:08,010 --> 02:09:08,020
 
 

02:09:08,020 --> 02:09:09,750
 
[Music]

02:09:09,750 --> 02:09:09,760
[Music]
 

02:09:09,760 --> 02:09:13,200
[Music]
foreign

02:09:13,200 --> 02:09:13,210
 
 

02:09:13,210 --> 02:09:23,189
 
[Music]

02:09:23,189 --> 02:09:23,199
[Music]
 

02:09:23,199 --> 02:09:24,790
[Music]
while their families bore the brunt of

02:09:24,790 --> 02:09:24,800
while their families bore the brunt of
 

02:09:24,800 --> 02:09:25,750
while their families bore the brunt of
the war

02:09:25,750 --> 02:09:25,760
the war
 

02:09:25,760 --> 02:09:27,430
the war
the boers took the fight across the

02:09:27,430 --> 02:09:27,440
the boers took the fight across the
 

02:09:27,440 --> 02:09:29,270
the boers took the fight across the
orange river into the british cape

02:09:29,270 --> 02:09:29,280
orange river into the british cape
 

02:09:29,280 --> 02:09:30,450
orange river into the british cape
colony

02:09:30,450 --> 02:09:30,460
colony
 

02:09:30,460 --> 02:09:37,270
colony
[Music]

02:09:37,270 --> 02:09:37,280
[Music]
 

02:09:37,280 --> 02:09:39,030
[Music]
the aim was to stir up their fellow

02:09:39,030 --> 02:09:39,040
the aim was to stir up their fellow
 

02:09:39,040 --> 02:09:42,730
the aim was to stir up their fellow
afrikaners in the cave into rebellion

02:09:42,730 --> 02:09:42,740
afrikaners in the cave into rebellion
 

02:09:42,740 --> 02:09:46,470
afrikaners in the cave into rebellion
[Music]

02:09:46,470 --> 02:09:46,480
 
 

02:09:46,480 --> 02:09:48,550
 
britain's high commissioner lord milner

02:09:48,550 --> 02:09:48,560
britain's high commissioner lord milner
 

02:09:48,560 --> 02:09:51,189
britain's high commissioner lord milner
was terrified of an uprising so troops

02:09:51,189 --> 02:09:51,199
was terrified of an uprising so troops
 

02:09:51,199 --> 02:09:53,189
was terrified of an uprising so troops
patrolled the colony hunting down the

02:09:53,189 --> 02:09:53,199
patrolled the colony hunting down the
 

02:09:53,199 --> 02:09:56,240
patrolled the colony hunting down the
invading boers and rebel afrikaners

02:09:56,240 --> 02:09:56,250
invading boers and rebel afrikaners
 

02:09:56,250 --> 02:10:01,700
invading boers and rebel afrikaners
[Music]

02:10:01,700 --> 02:10:01,710
 
 

02:10:01,710 --> 02:10:03,830
 
[Music]

02:10:03,830 --> 02:10:03,840
[Music]
 

02:10:03,840 --> 02:10:06,310
[Music]
the war in the cape was fragmented

02:10:06,310 --> 02:10:06,320
the war in the cape was fragmented
 

02:10:06,320 --> 02:10:08,149
the war in the cape was fragmented
isolated skirmishes punctuating the

02:10:08,149 --> 02:10:08,159
isolated skirmishes punctuating the
 

02:10:08,159 --> 02:10:12,840
isolated skirmishes punctuating the
constant hunt for supplies

02:10:12,840 --> 02:10:12,850
 
 

02:10:12,850 --> 02:10:14,629
 
[Music]

02:10:14,629 --> 02:10:14,639
[Music]
 

02:10:14,639 --> 02:10:16,709
[Music]
the boers lived off the land

02:10:16,709 --> 02:10:16,719
the boers lived off the land
 

02:10:16,719 --> 02:10:18,550
the boers lived off the land
appearing to some as heroic freedom

02:10:18,550 --> 02:10:18,560
appearing to some as heroic freedom
 

02:10:18,560 --> 02:10:19,589
appearing to some as heroic freedom
fighters

02:10:19,589 --> 02:10:19,599
fighters
 

02:10:19,599 --> 02:10:21,790
fighters
to others as murderous thugs

02:10:21,790 --> 02:10:21,800
to others as murderous thugs
 

02:10:21,800 --> 02:10:27,189
to others as murderous thugs
[Music]

02:10:27,189 --> 02:10:27,199
[Music]
 

02:10:27,199 --> 02:10:29,270
[Music]
in august 1901

02:10:29,270 --> 02:10:29,280
in august 1901
 

02:10:29,280 --> 02:10:31,430
in august 1901
boer rebels arrived at a loyal british

02:10:31,430 --> 02:10:31,440
boer rebels arrived at a loyal british
 

02:10:31,440 --> 02:10:34,550
boer rebels arrived at a loyal british
farmhouse in the eastern cape

02:10:34,550 --> 02:10:34,560
farmhouse in the eastern cape
 

02:10:34,560 --> 02:10:36,950
farmhouse in the eastern cape
nora featherston was 11.

02:10:36,950 --> 02:10:36,960
nora featherston was 11.
 

02:10:36,960 --> 02:10:39,430
nora featherston was 11.
in old age she recorded her memories of

02:10:39,430 --> 02:10:39,440
in old age she recorded her memories of
 

02:10:39,440 --> 02:10:46,790
in old age she recorded her memories of
that day

02:10:46,790 --> 02:10:46,800
 
 

02:10:46,800 --> 02:10:48,069
 
they rushed into the house they said we

02:10:48,069 --> 02:10:48,079
they rushed into the house they said we
 

02:10:48,079 --> 02:10:50,550
they rushed into the house they said we
want breakfast for 15 please

02:10:50,550 --> 02:10:50,560
want breakfast for 15 please
 

02:10:50,560 --> 02:10:52,229
want breakfast for 15 please
we didn't have one thing left in that

02:10:52,229 --> 02:10:52,239
we didn't have one thing left in that
 

02:10:52,239 --> 02:10:54,229
we didn't have one thing left in that
house that eaten up everything

02:10:54,229 --> 02:10:54,239
house that eaten up everything
 

02:10:54,239 --> 02:10:54,950
house that eaten up everything
and

02:10:54,950 --> 02:10:54,960
and
 

02:10:54,960 --> 02:10:57,430
and
they said the mother we're very sorry

02:10:57,430 --> 02:10:57,440
they said the mother we're very sorry
 

02:10:57,440 --> 02:10:59,270
they said the mother we're very sorry
but you've had orders to burn your house

02:10:59,270 --> 02:10:59,280
but you've had orders to burn your house
 

02:10:59,280 --> 02:11:02,390
but you've had orders to burn your house
and your furniture

02:11:02,390 --> 02:11:02,400
 
 

02:11:02,400 --> 02:11:06,149
 
they then said if you can produce your

02:11:06,149 --> 02:11:06,159
they then said if you can produce your
 

02:11:06,159 --> 02:11:07,510
they then said if you can produce your
husband

02:11:07,510 --> 02:11:07,520
husband
 

02:11:07,520 --> 02:11:10,470
husband
we will not burn the furniture

02:11:10,470 --> 02:11:10,480
we will not burn the furniture
 

02:11:10,480 --> 02:11:12,470
we will not burn the furniture
or the house

02:11:12,470 --> 02:11:12,480
or the house
 

02:11:12,480 --> 02:11:14,790
or the house
so my grandmother said it's quite

02:11:14,790 --> 02:11:14,800
so my grandmother said it's quite
 

02:11:14,800 --> 02:11:16,550
so my grandmother said it's quite
impossible

02:11:16,550 --> 02:11:16,560
impossible
 

02:11:16,560 --> 02:11:19,750
impossible
she didn't tell them but my grandfather

02:11:19,750 --> 02:11:19,760
she didn't tell them but my grandfather
 

02:11:19,760 --> 02:11:23,189
she didn't tell them but my grandfather
was with gorange's flying column hunting

02:11:23,189 --> 02:11:23,199
was with gorange's flying column hunting
 

02:11:23,199 --> 02:11:26,470
was with gorange's flying column hunting
those very boys

02:11:26,470 --> 02:11:26,480
those very boys
 

02:11:26,480 --> 02:11:30,470
those very boys
they then said well we will not burn the

02:11:30,470 --> 02:11:30,480
they then said well we will not burn the
 

02:11:30,480 --> 02:11:32,470
they then said well we will not burn the
furniture

02:11:32,470 --> 02:11:32,480
furniture
 

02:11:32,480 --> 02:11:34,470
furniture
they carried out every single thing and

02:11:34,470 --> 02:11:34,480
they carried out every single thing and
 

02:11:34,480 --> 02:11:36,629
they carried out every single thing and
all the grass doors were smashed

02:11:36,629 --> 02:11:36,639
all the grass doors were smashed
 

02:11:36,639 --> 02:11:38,950
all the grass doors were smashed
they had the most glorious funny robbing

02:11:38,950 --> 02:11:38,960
they had the most glorious funny robbing
 

02:11:38,960 --> 02:11:40,790
they had the most glorious funny robbing
and jumping about

02:11:40,790 --> 02:11:40,800
and jumping about
 

02:11:40,800 --> 02:11:43,510
and jumping about
they had ransacked

02:11:43,510 --> 02:11:43,520
they had ransacked
 

02:11:43,520 --> 02:11:45,750
they had ransacked
every room

02:11:45,750 --> 02:11:45,760
every room
 

02:11:45,760 --> 02:11:48,149
every room
and they had stolen my grandmother's

02:11:48,149 --> 02:11:48,159
and they had stolen my grandmother's
 

02:11:48,159 --> 02:11:50,709
and they had stolen my grandmother's
diamond ring and

02:11:50,709 --> 02:11:50,719
diamond ring and
 

02:11:50,719 --> 02:11:54,870
diamond ring and
one of them went into aunt violet's room

02:11:54,870 --> 02:11:54,880
one of them went into aunt violet's room
 

02:11:54,880 --> 02:11:58,390
one of them went into aunt violet's room
and put on her evening frog

02:11:58,390 --> 02:11:58,400
and put on her evening frog
 

02:11:58,400 --> 02:12:00,790
and put on her evening frog
the one had the evening dress on

02:12:00,790 --> 02:12:00,800
the one had the evening dress on
 

02:12:00,800 --> 02:12:03,510
the one had the evening dress on
and i am miss barrett and he was dancing

02:12:03,510 --> 02:12:03,520
and i am miss barrett and he was dancing
 

02:12:03,520 --> 02:12:05,990
and i am miss barrett and he was dancing
on the floor

02:12:05,990 --> 02:12:06,000
on the floor
 

02:12:06,000 --> 02:12:08,310
on the floor
he was dancing

02:12:08,310 --> 02:12:08,320
he was dancing
 

02:12:08,320 --> 02:12:12,149
he was dancing
and the family were very upset

02:12:12,149 --> 02:12:12,159
and the family were very upset
 

02:12:12,159 --> 02:12:15,270
and the family were very upset
they then set fire to the house

02:12:15,270 --> 02:12:15,280
they then set fire to the house
 

02:12:15,280 --> 02:12:16,790
they then set fire to the house
we washed it in what the poor room

02:12:16,790 --> 02:12:16,800
we washed it in what the poor room
 

02:12:16,800 --> 02:12:22,390
we washed it in what the poor room
falling in let us be really very sad

02:12:22,390 --> 02:12:22,400
 
 

02:12:22,400 --> 02:12:24,870
 
there's no being being crossed what is a

02:12:24,870 --> 02:12:24,880
there's no being being crossed what is a
 

02:12:24,880 --> 02:12:27,030
there's no being being crossed what is a
good thing across

02:12:27,030 --> 02:12:27,040
good thing across
 

02:12:27,040 --> 02:12:31,510
good thing across
you see that makes matters worse

02:12:31,510 --> 02:12:31,520
 
 

02:12:31,520 --> 02:12:34,069
 
the boar officer in charge had long been

02:12:34,069 --> 02:12:34,079
the boar officer in charge had long been
 

02:12:34,079 --> 02:12:36,069
the boar officer in charge had long been
hunted by the british

02:12:36,069 --> 02:12:36,079
hunted by the british
 

02:12:36,079 --> 02:12:37,990
hunted by the british
gideon escapers was apprehended by the

02:12:37,990 --> 02:12:38,000
gideon escapers was apprehended by the
 

02:12:38,000 --> 02:12:39,910
gideon escapers was apprehended by the
killstream guards

02:12:39,910 --> 02:12:39,920
killstream guards
 

02:12:39,920 --> 02:12:41,189
killstream guards
for shooting

02:12:41,189 --> 02:12:41,199
for shooting
 

02:12:41,199 --> 02:12:44,229
for shooting
some local colored people in the area

02:12:44,229 --> 02:12:44,239
some local colored people in the area
 

02:12:44,239 --> 02:12:46,390
some local colored people in the area
who he reckoned had been spying for the

02:12:46,390 --> 02:12:46,400
who he reckoned had been spying for the
 

02:12:46,400 --> 02:12:48,790
who he reckoned had been spying for the
british which may be quite true or not i

02:12:48,790 --> 02:12:48,800
british which may be quite true or not i
 

02:12:48,800 --> 02:12:50,550
british which may be quite true or not i
don't know

02:12:50,550 --> 02:12:50,560
don't know
 

02:12:50,560 --> 02:12:52,390
don't know
amongst these colored people but a young

02:12:52,390 --> 02:12:52,400
amongst these colored people but a young
 

02:12:52,400 --> 02:12:55,270
amongst these colored people but a young
a young girl who was pregnant

02:12:55,270 --> 02:12:55,280
a young girl who was pregnant
 

02:12:55,280 --> 02:12:57,830
a young girl who was pregnant
and she was tied to the

02:12:57,830 --> 02:12:57,840
and she was tied to the
 

02:12:57,840 --> 02:12:58,950
and she was tied to the
uh

02:12:58,950 --> 02:12:58,960
uh
 

02:12:58,960 --> 02:13:01,270
uh
the wheel of wagon

02:13:01,270 --> 02:13:01,280
the wheel of wagon
 

02:13:01,280 --> 02:13:03,430
the wheel of wagon
and thrashed until she gave birth under

02:13:03,430 --> 02:13:03,440
and thrashed until she gave birth under
 

02:13:03,440 --> 02:13:05,109
and thrashed until she gave birth under
the dash

02:13:05,109 --> 02:13:05,119
the dash
 

02:13:05,119 --> 02:13:07,589
the dash
he was court-martialed

02:13:07,589 --> 02:13:07,599
he was court-martialed
 

02:13:07,599 --> 02:13:09,350
he was court-martialed
in the courthouse here

02:13:09,350 --> 02:13:09,360
in the courthouse here
 

02:13:09,360 --> 02:13:11,589
in the courthouse here
and then he was subsequently taken up to

02:13:11,589 --> 02:13:11,599
and then he was subsequently taken up to
 

02:13:11,599 --> 02:13:13,350
and then he was subsequently taken up to
crawfordnet

02:13:13,350 --> 02:13:13,360
crawfordnet
 

02:13:13,360 --> 02:13:15,189
crawfordnet
where he was executed by a fighting

02:13:15,189 --> 02:13:15,199
where he was executed by a fighting
 

02:13:15,199 --> 02:13:17,510
where he was executed by a fighting
squad

02:13:17,510 --> 02:13:17,520
squad
 

02:13:17,520 --> 02:13:19,990
squad
my father was actually present

02:13:19,990 --> 02:13:20,000
my father was actually present
 

02:13:20,000 --> 02:13:24,390
my father was actually present
when he was executed

02:13:24,390 --> 02:13:24,400
 
 

02:13:24,400 --> 02:13:26,390
 
marjory stook his grandmother had

02:13:26,390 --> 02:13:26,400
marjory stook his grandmother had
 

02:13:26,400 --> 02:13:28,870
marjory stook his grandmother had
testified against gideon skippers at his

02:13:28,870 --> 02:13:28,880
testified against gideon skippers at his
 

02:13:28,880 --> 02:13:30,550
testified against gideon skippers at his
trial

02:13:30,550 --> 02:13:30,560
trial
 

02:13:30,560 --> 02:13:33,030
trial
a century on local loyalties are still

02:13:33,030 --> 02:13:33,040
a century on local loyalties are still
 

02:13:33,040 --> 02:13:35,109
a century on local loyalties are still
divided

02:13:35,109 --> 02:13:35,119
divided
 

02:13:35,119 --> 02:13:37,910
divided
well i prefer not to say anything about

02:13:37,910 --> 02:13:37,920
well i prefer not to say anything about
 

02:13:37,920 --> 02:13:42,310
well i prefer not to say anything about
him because i have to live in this town

02:13:42,310 --> 02:13:42,320
him because i have to live in this town
 

02:13:42,320 --> 02:13:44,870
him because i have to live in this town
and the leader of this

02:13:44,870 --> 02:13:44,880
and the leader of this
 

02:13:44,880 --> 02:13:48,390
and the leader of this
lot who burnt the house is a hero in

02:13:48,390 --> 02:13:48,400
lot who burnt the house is a hero in
 

02:13:48,400 --> 02:13:50,230
lot who burnt the house is a hero in
this town

02:13:50,230 --> 02:13:50,240
this town
 

02:13:50,240 --> 02:13:54,550
this town
[Music]

02:13:54,550 --> 02:13:54,560
[Music]
 

02:13:54,560 --> 02:13:56,950
[Music]
part of the boer's heroic image comes

02:13:56,950 --> 02:13:56,960
part of the boer's heroic image comes
 

02:13:56,960 --> 02:13:58,870
part of the boer's heroic image comes
from their tenacity in the face of great

02:13:58,870 --> 02:13:58,880
from their tenacity in the face of great
 

02:13:58,880 --> 02:13:59,660
from their tenacity in the face of great
hardship

02:13:59,660 --> 02:13:59,670
hardship
 

02:13:59,670 --> 02:14:04,629
hardship
[Music]

02:14:04,629 --> 02:14:04,639
 
 

02:14:04,639 --> 02:14:07,109
 
hungry and with clothes and tatters they

02:14:07,109 --> 02:14:07,119
hungry and with clothes and tatters they
 

02:14:07,119 --> 02:14:08,790
hungry and with clothes and tatters they
were chased into the mountains of the

02:14:08,790 --> 02:14:08,800
were chased into the mountains of the
 

02:14:08,800 --> 02:14:10,950
were chased into the mountains of the
cape

02:14:10,950 --> 02:14:10,960
cape
 

02:14:10,960 --> 02:14:13,270
cape
survival depended on hit and run attacks

02:14:13,270 --> 02:14:13,280
survival depended on hit and run attacks
 

02:14:13,280 --> 02:14:17,990
survival depended on hit and run attacks
on isolated british units

02:14:17,990 --> 02:14:18,000
 
 

02:14:18,000 --> 02:14:19,750
 
general smutz's commander was on its

02:14:19,750 --> 02:14:19,760
general smutz's commander was on its
 

02:14:19,760 --> 02:14:22,709
general smutz's commander was on its
last legs when it stumbled on 200 men of

02:14:22,709 --> 02:14:22,719
last legs when it stumbled on 200 men of
 

02:14:22,719 --> 02:14:24,470
last legs when it stumbled on 200 men of
the 17th lancers

02:14:24,470 --> 02:14:24,480
the 17th lancers
 

02:14:24,480 --> 02:14:26,950
the 17th lancers
a crack british regiment nicknamed the

02:14:26,950 --> 02:14:26,960
a crack british regiment nicknamed the
 

02:14:26,960 --> 02:14:29,990
a crack british regiment nicknamed the
death or glory boys

02:14:29,990 --> 02:14:30,000
death or glory boys
 

02:14:30,000 --> 02:14:32,310
death or glory boys
hugely outnumbered a small group of

02:14:32,310 --> 02:14:32,320
hugely outnumbered a small group of
 

02:14:32,320 --> 02:14:35,350
hugely outnumbered a small group of
exhausted boers saw their chance

02:14:35,350 --> 02:14:35,360
exhausted boers saw their chance
 

02:14:35,360 --> 02:14:37,510
exhausted boers saw their chance
they came after the lancers mainly

02:14:37,510 --> 02:14:37,520
they came after the lancers mainly
 

02:14:37,520 --> 02:14:38,790
they came after the lancers mainly
because they needed provisions and

02:14:38,790 --> 02:14:38,800
because they needed provisions and
 

02:14:38,800 --> 02:14:40,950
because they needed provisions and
horses then denise and and the guys they

02:14:40,950 --> 02:14:40,960
horses then denise and and the guys they
 

02:14:40,960 --> 02:14:42,390
horses then denise and and the guys they
haven't got too much ammunition either

02:14:42,390 --> 02:14:42,400
haven't got too much ammunition either
 

02:14:42,400 --> 02:14:44,390
haven't got too much ammunition either
yeah so they've got to be pretty careful

02:14:44,390 --> 02:14:44,400
yeah so they've got to be pretty careful
 

02:14:44,400 --> 02:14:47,270
yeah so they've got to be pretty careful
who they shooting it

02:14:47,270 --> 02:14:47,280
 
 

02:14:47,280 --> 02:14:49,430
 
guide steve lunderstead shows michael

02:14:49,430 --> 02:14:49,440
guide steve lunderstead shows michael
 

02:14:49,440 --> 02:14:53,430
guide steve lunderstead shows michael
rates around the battlefield

02:14:53,430 --> 02:14:53,440
 
 

02:14:53,440 --> 02:14:56,069
 
michael's grandfather denise rates was

02:14:56,069 --> 02:14:56,079
michael's grandfather denise rates was
 

02:14:56,079 --> 02:14:57,750
michael's grandfather denise rates was
in the thick of the boar attack on the

02:14:57,750 --> 02:14:57,760
in the thick of the boar attack on the
 

02:14:57,760 --> 02:14:59,830
in the thick of the boar attack on the
lancers

02:14:59,830 --> 02:14:59,840
lancers
 

02:14:59,840 --> 02:15:01,350
lancers
they've been here

02:15:01,350 --> 02:15:01,360
they've been here
 

02:15:01,360 --> 02:15:02,870
they've been here
three or four days i think the 17th

02:15:02,870 --> 02:15:02,880
three or four days i think the 17th
 

02:15:02,880 --> 02:15:04,470
three or four days i think the 17th
lancers brought in as one of the stop

02:15:04,470 --> 02:15:04,480
lancers brought in as one of the stop
 

02:15:04,480 --> 02:15:06,550
lancers brought in as one of the stop
groups yeah to try and catch

02:15:06,550 --> 02:15:06,560
groups yeah to try and catch
 

02:15:06,560 --> 02:15:08,629
groups yeah to try and catch
smats's commander

02:15:08,629 --> 02:15:08,639
smats's commander
 

02:15:08,639 --> 02:15:10,229
smats's commander
and it certainly looks to me like a bit

02:15:10,229 --> 02:15:10,239
and it certainly looks to me like a bit
 

02:15:10,239 --> 02:15:11,830
and it certainly looks to me like a bit
of a holiday camp

02:15:11,830 --> 02:15:11,840
of a holiday camp
 

02:15:11,840 --> 02:15:13,270
of a holiday camp
no pickets

02:15:13,270 --> 02:15:13,280
no pickets
 

02:15:13,280 --> 02:15:15,430
no pickets
no centuries out

02:15:15,430 --> 02:15:15,440
no centuries out
 

02:15:15,440 --> 02:15:17,350
no centuries out
in a valley lovely house where the

02:15:17,350 --> 02:15:17,360
in a valley lovely house where the
 

02:15:17,360 --> 02:15:18,709
in a valley lovely house where the
officers could sleep

02:15:18,709 --> 02:15:18,719
officers could sleep
 

02:15:18,719 --> 02:15:22,310
officers could sleep
relax yes nice river nearby yeah reading

02:15:22,310 --> 02:15:22,320
relax yes nice river nearby yeah reading
 

02:15:22,320 --> 02:15:24,629
relax yes nice river nearby yeah reading
the daily newspaper perhaps

02:15:24,629 --> 02:15:24,639
the daily newspaper perhaps
 

02:15:24,639 --> 02:15:25,510
the daily newspaper perhaps
but

02:15:25,510 --> 02:15:25,520
but
 

02:15:25,520 --> 02:15:27,910
but
certainly totally unawares the first the

02:15:27,910 --> 02:15:27,920
certainly totally unawares the first the
 

02:15:27,920 --> 02:15:29,990
certainly totally unawares the first the
camp would have known of it

02:15:29,990 --> 02:15:30,000
camp would have known of it
 

02:15:30,000 --> 02:15:31,510
camp would have known of it
is when this little bit of shooting

02:15:31,510 --> 02:15:31,520
is when this little bit of shooting
 

02:15:31,520 --> 02:15:35,669
is when this little bit of shooting
started just yeah

02:15:35,669 --> 02:15:35,679
 
 

02:15:35,679 --> 02:15:37,589
 
the boers had approached the camp down

02:15:37,589 --> 02:15:37,599
the boers had approached the camp down
 

02:15:37,599 --> 02:15:40,310
the boers had approached the camp down
this road

02:15:40,310 --> 02:15:40,320
 
 

02:15:40,320 --> 02:15:42,149
 
they stormed the startle lancers on

02:15:42,149 --> 02:15:42,159
they stormed the startle lancers on
 

02:15:42,159 --> 02:15:45,990
they stormed the startle lancers on
rough ground just above the farm

02:15:45,990 --> 02:15:46,000
rough ground just above the farm
 

02:15:46,000 --> 02:15:50,790
rough ground just above the farm
the action only lasted minutes

02:15:50,790 --> 02:15:50,800
 
 

02:15:50,800 --> 02:15:52,229
 
michael has brought with him his

02:15:52,229 --> 02:15:52,239
michael has brought with him his
 

02:15:52,239 --> 02:15:55,430
michael has brought with him his
grandfather's diary of the war

02:15:55,430 --> 02:15:55,440
grandfather's diary of the war
 

02:15:55,440 --> 02:15:57,270
grandfather's diary of the war
he and steve tie in the account of the

02:15:57,270 --> 02:15:57,280
he and steve tie in the account of the
 

02:15:57,280 --> 02:15:59,589
he and steve tie in the account of the
attack on the lancers a century ago

02:15:59,589 --> 02:15:59,599
attack on the lancers a century ago
 

02:15:59,599 --> 02:16:04,390
attack on the lancers a century ago
to the actual location today

02:16:04,390 --> 02:16:04,400
 
 

02:16:04,400 --> 02:16:06,149
 
we shot the one englishman after the

02:16:06,149 --> 02:16:06,159
we shot the one englishman after the
 

02:16:06,159 --> 02:16:08,069
we shot the one englishman after the
other through the head as they peered

02:16:08,069 --> 02:16:08,079
other through the head as they peered
 

02:16:08,079 --> 02:16:10,390
other through the head as they peered
over the rocks to fire

02:16:10,390 --> 02:16:10,400
over the rocks to fire
 

02:16:10,400 --> 02:16:11,990
over the rocks to fire
they're now peering over the rocks to

02:16:11,990 --> 02:16:12,000
they're now peering over the rocks to
 

02:16:12,000 --> 02:16:14,310
they're now peering over the rocks to
fire yeah

02:16:14,310 --> 02:16:14,320
fire yeah
 

02:16:14,320 --> 02:16:15,830
fire yeah
he goes on to say a certain lieutenant

02:16:15,830 --> 02:16:15,840
he goes on to say a certain lieutenant
 

02:16:15,840 --> 02:16:17,910
he goes on to say a certain lieutenant
sheridan stuck his head up right in

02:16:17,910 --> 02:16:17,920
sheridan stuck his head up right in
 

02:16:17,920 --> 02:16:19,830
sheridan stuck his head up right in
front of jan boris who instantly put a

02:16:19,830 --> 02:16:19,840
front of jan boris who instantly put a
 

02:16:19,840 --> 02:16:21,430
front of jan boris who instantly put a
bullet through it

02:16:21,430 --> 02:16:21,440
bullet through it
 

02:16:21,440 --> 02:16:23,109
bullet through it
his hat jumped as much as a couple of

02:16:23,109 --> 02:16:23,119
his hat jumped as much as a couple of
 

02:16:23,119 --> 02:16:24,870
his hat jumped as much as a couple of
feet into the air and we all shouted out

02:16:24,870 --> 02:16:24,880
feet into the air and we all shouted out
 

02:16:24,880 --> 02:16:27,189
feet into the air and we all shouted out
with great jubilation in english funnily

02:16:27,189 --> 02:16:27,199
with great jubilation in english funnily
 

02:16:27,199 --> 02:16:32,870
with great jubilation in english funnily
enough good shot uncle jack

02:16:32,870 --> 02:16:32,880
 
 

02:16:32,880 --> 02:16:34,469
 
this is a nightmare come true you know

02:16:34,469 --> 02:16:34,479
this is a nightmare come true you know
 

02:16:34,479 --> 02:16:35,509
this is a nightmare come true you know
that

02:16:35,509 --> 02:16:35,519
that
 

02:16:35,519 --> 02:16:37,030
that
yeah

02:16:37,030 --> 02:16:37,040
yeah
 

02:16:37,040 --> 02:16:38,549
yeah
for the british

02:16:38,549 --> 02:16:38,559
for the british
 

02:16:38,559 --> 02:16:39,990
for the british
they they won't at this stage believe

02:16:39,990 --> 02:16:40,000
they they won't at this stage believe
 

02:16:40,000 --> 02:16:44,230
they they won't at this stage believe
this has happened

02:16:44,230 --> 02:16:44,240
 
 

02:16:44,240 --> 02:16:47,429
 
it's total turmoil right you've got this

02:16:47,429 --> 02:16:47,439
it's total turmoil right you've got this
 

02:16:47,439 --> 02:16:49,349
it's total turmoil right you've got this
little group of poors because they were

02:16:49,349 --> 02:16:49,359
little group of poors because they were
 

02:16:49,359 --> 02:16:50,870
little group of poors because they were
a little group of bulls that have

02:16:50,870 --> 02:16:50,880
a little group of bulls that have
 

02:16:50,880 --> 02:16:53,349
a little group of bulls that have
captured this entire rocky outcrop which

02:16:53,349 --> 02:16:53,359
captured this entire rocky outcrop which
 

02:16:53,359 --> 02:16:54,870
captured this entire rocky outcrop which
is the key to the battle

02:16:54,870 --> 02:16:54,880
is the key to the battle
 

02:16:54,880 --> 02:16:56,549
is the key to the battle
anyone who controls this is controlling

02:16:56,549 --> 02:16:56,559
anyone who controls this is controlling
 

02:16:56,559 --> 02:16:57,590
anyone who controls this is controlling
everything

02:16:57,590 --> 02:16:57,600
everything
 

02:16:57,600 --> 02:17:00,790
everything
[Applause]

02:17:00,790 --> 02:17:00,800
 
 

02:17:00,800 --> 02:17:02,709
 
they all put up their hands and called

02:17:02,709 --> 02:17:02,719
they all put up their hands and called
 

02:17:02,719 --> 02:17:04,709
they all put up their hands and called
we surrender for god's sake stop it we

02:17:04,709 --> 02:17:04,719
we surrender for god's sake stop it we
 

02:17:04,719 --> 02:17:06,790
we surrender for god's sake stop it we
surrender

02:17:06,790 --> 02:17:06,800
surrender
 

02:17:06,800 --> 02:17:08,469
surrender
we took their rifles and hurled these

02:17:08,469 --> 02:17:08,479
we took their rifles and hurled these
 

02:17:08,479 --> 02:17:10,230
we took their rifles and hurled these
aside then without attending to the

02:17:10,230 --> 02:17:10,240
aside then without attending to the
 

02:17:10,240 --> 02:17:15,990
aside then without attending to the
prisoners we burst into the camp

02:17:15,990 --> 02:17:16,000
 
 

02:17:16,000 --> 02:17:18,070
 
and this is your main memorial

02:17:18,070 --> 02:17:18,080
and this is your main memorial
 

02:17:18,080 --> 02:17:20,230
and this is your main memorial
for the death or glory boys

02:17:20,230 --> 02:17:20,240
for the death or glory boys
 

02:17:20,240 --> 02:17:21,589
for the death or glory boys
you've got your

02:17:21,589 --> 02:17:21,599
you've got your
 

02:17:21,599 --> 02:17:23,509
you've got your
gunners who were killed on the ridge

02:17:23,509 --> 02:17:23,519
gunners who were killed on the ridge
 

02:17:23,519 --> 02:17:25,030
gunners who were killed on the ridge
just behind us

02:17:25,030 --> 02:17:25,040
just behind us
 

02:17:25,040 --> 02:17:26,309
just behind us
with that gun

02:17:26,309 --> 02:17:26,319
with that gun
 

02:17:26,319 --> 02:17:27,750
with that gun
in fact denise killed all four of them i

02:17:27,750 --> 02:17:27,760
in fact denise killed all four of them i
 

02:17:27,760 --> 02:17:28,469
in fact denise killed all four of them i
think

02:17:28,469 --> 02:17:28,479
think
 

02:17:28,479 --> 02:17:29,910
think
you remember correctly

02:17:29,910 --> 02:17:29,920
you remember correctly
 

02:17:29,920 --> 02:17:31,669
you remember correctly
but this is mostly your your men who

02:17:31,669 --> 02:17:31,679
but this is mostly your your men who
 

02:17:31,679 --> 02:17:32,549
but this is mostly your your men who
died

02:17:32,549 --> 02:17:32,559
died
 

02:17:32,559 --> 02:17:34,790
died
in the action the officers all have the

02:17:34,790 --> 02:17:34,800
in the action the officers all have the
 

02:17:34,800 --> 02:17:36,950
in the action the officers all have the
own separate

02:17:36,950 --> 02:17:36,960
own separate
 

02:17:36,960 --> 02:17:39,349
own separate
memorials you've got old

02:17:39,349 --> 02:17:39,359
memorials you've got old
 

02:17:39,359 --> 02:17:40,870
memorials you've got old
lieutenant russell

02:17:40,870 --> 02:17:40,880
lieutenant russell
 

02:17:40,880 --> 02:17:42,790
lieutenant russell
all lancers

02:17:42,790 --> 02:17:42,800
all lancers
 

02:17:42,800 --> 02:17:46,389
all lancers
lieutenant robert moritz

02:17:46,389 --> 02:17:46,399
 
 

02:17:46,399 --> 02:17:48,070
 
and old

02:17:48,070 --> 02:17:48,080
and old
 

02:17:48,080 --> 02:17:49,990
and old
lieutenant richard sheridan

02:17:49,990 --> 02:17:50,000
lieutenant richard sheridan
 

02:17:50,000 --> 02:17:52,790
lieutenant richard sheridan
winston churchill's cousin

02:17:52,790 --> 02:17:52,800
winston churchill's cousin
 

02:17:52,800 --> 02:17:55,190
winston churchill's cousin
lieutenant 17th lancers

02:17:55,190 --> 02:17:55,200
lieutenant 17th lancers
 

02:17:55,200 --> 02:17:57,990
lieutenant 17th lancers
death or glory boy is one of 38 brits to

02:17:57,990 --> 02:17:58,000
death or glory boy is one of 38 brits to
 

02:17:58,000 --> 02:17:58,870
death or glory boy is one of 38 brits to
die

02:17:58,870 --> 02:17:58,880
die
 

02:17:58,880 --> 02:18:01,030
die
and only one bore

02:18:01,030 --> 02:18:01,040
and only one bore
 

02:18:01,040 --> 02:18:04,709
and only one bore
absolute disaster for the british army

02:18:04,709 --> 02:18:04,719
absolute disaster for the british army
 

02:18:04,719 --> 02:18:06,150
absolute disaster for the british army
and completely the opposite for the

02:18:06,150 --> 02:18:06,160
and completely the opposite for the
 

02:18:06,160 --> 02:18:09,190
and completely the opposite for the
boers

02:18:09,190 --> 02:18:09,200
 
 

02:18:09,200 --> 02:18:11,270
 
it was salvation for them

02:18:11,270 --> 02:18:11,280
it was salvation for them
 

02:18:11,280 --> 02:18:14,389
it was salvation for them
they arrived here on their last legs and

02:18:14,389 --> 02:18:14,399
they arrived here on their last legs and
 

02:18:14,399 --> 02:18:16,790
they arrived here on their last legs and
the death of these people meant

02:18:16,790 --> 02:18:16,800
the death of these people meant
 

02:18:16,800 --> 02:18:18,309
the death of these people meant
that they could re-equip themselves and

02:18:18,309 --> 02:18:18,319
that they could re-equip themselves and
 

02:18:18,319 --> 02:18:21,589
that they could re-equip themselves and
fight on and in fact my grandfather rode

02:18:21,589 --> 02:18:21,599
fight on and in fact my grandfather rode
 

02:18:21,599 --> 02:18:29,509
fight on and in fact my grandfather rode
away from here on sheridan's horse

02:18:29,509 --> 02:18:29,519
 
 

02:18:29,519 --> 02:18:31,750
 
but the poors were not content just to

02:18:31,750 --> 02:18:31,760
but the poors were not content just to
 

02:18:31,760 --> 02:18:35,100
but the poors were not content just to
survive

02:18:35,100 --> 02:18:35,110
 
 

02:18:35,110 --> 02:18:37,509
 
[Music]

02:18:37,509 --> 02:18:37,519
[Music]
 

02:18:37,519 --> 02:18:39,830
[Music]
some tried to impose boer control in the

02:18:39,830 --> 02:18:39,840
some tried to impose boer control in the
 

02:18:39,840 --> 02:18:41,190
some tried to impose boer control in the
northern cape

02:18:41,190 --> 02:18:41,200
northern cape
 

02:18:41,200 --> 02:18:45,509
northern cape
across the arid wastes of the great kuru

02:18:45,509 --> 02:18:45,519
 
 

02:18:45,519 --> 02:18:47,990
 
here british colonial rule was stretched

02:18:47,990 --> 02:18:48,000
here british colonial rule was stretched
 

02:18:48,000 --> 02:18:50,000
here british colonial rule was stretched
thin

02:18:50,000 --> 02:18:50,010
thin
 

02:18:50,010 --> 02:18:51,990
thin
[Music]

02:18:51,990 --> 02:18:52,000
[Music]
 

02:18:52,000 --> 02:18:53,669
[Music]
the poor's hated the fact that the

02:18:53,669 --> 02:18:53,679
the poor's hated the fact that the
 

02:18:53,679 --> 02:18:55,190
the poor's hated the fact that the
colored people in settlements like

02:18:55,190 --> 02:18:55,200
colored people in settlements like
 

02:18:55,200 --> 02:18:57,669
colored people in settlements like
calvinia sided with the british against

02:18:57,669 --> 02:18:57,679
calvinia sided with the british against
 

02:18:57,679 --> 02:19:00,790
calvinia sided with the british against
them

02:19:00,790 --> 02:19:00,800
 
 

02:19:00,800 --> 02:19:03,509
 
the english were nearer to the colored

02:19:03,509 --> 02:19:03,519
the english were nearer to the colored
 

02:19:03,519 --> 02:19:06,150
the english were nearer to the colored
people they will come into your home and

02:19:06,150 --> 02:19:06,160
people they will come into your home and
 

02:19:06,160 --> 02:19:08,549
people they will come into your home and
they will talk to you they will eat from

02:19:08,549 --> 02:19:08,559
they will talk to you they will eat from
 

02:19:08,559 --> 02:19:10,150
they will talk to you they will eat from
your plate

02:19:10,150 --> 02:19:10,160
your plate
 

02:19:10,160 --> 02:19:11,110
your plate
and

02:19:11,110 --> 02:19:11,120
and
 

02:19:11,120 --> 02:19:13,669
and
whereas the buddha will never ever have

02:19:13,669 --> 02:19:13,679
whereas the buddha will never ever have
 

02:19:13,679 --> 02:19:14,790
whereas the buddha will never ever have
done that

02:19:14,790 --> 02:19:14,800
done that
 

02:19:14,800 --> 02:19:17,990
done that
and also the english people

02:19:17,990 --> 02:19:18,000
and also the english people
 

02:19:18,000 --> 02:19:20,709
and also the english people
they will let you come in by their front

02:19:20,709 --> 02:19:20,719
they will let you come in by their front
 

02:19:20,719 --> 02:19:22,629
they will let you come in by their front
door

02:19:22,629 --> 02:19:22,639
door
 

02:19:22,639 --> 02:19:25,270
door
and at the buddha you have to go and

02:19:25,270 --> 02:19:25,280
and at the buddha you have to go and
 

02:19:25,280 --> 02:19:27,589
and at the buddha you have to go and
knock at the kitchen door you may not

02:19:27,589 --> 02:19:27,599
knock at the kitchen door you may not
 

02:19:27,599 --> 02:19:28,709
knock at the kitchen door you may not
come in

02:19:28,709 --> 02:19:28,719
come in
 

02:19:28,719 --> 02:19:30,670
come in
at the front door

02:19:30,670 --> 02:19:30,680
at the front door
 

02:19:30,680 --> 02:19:33,509
at the front door
[Music]

02:19:33,509 --> 02:19:33,519
[Music]
 

02:19:33,519 --> 02:19:36,790
[Music]
rachel smith's great uncle abraham esau

02:19:36,790 --> 02:19:36,800
rachel smith's great uncle abraham esau
 

02:19:36,800 --> 02:19:38,469
rachel smith's great uncle abraham esau
led coloured resistance against the

02:19:38,469 --> 02:19:38,479
led coloured resistance against the
 

02:19:38,479 --> 02:19:39,669
led coloured resistance against the
boers

02:19:39,669 --> 02:19:39,679
boers
 

02:19:39,679 --> 02:19:42,459
boers
living on in folk memory as a hero

02:19:42,459 --> 02:19:42,469
living on in folk memory as a hero
 

02:19:42,469 --> 02:19:42,810
living on in folk memory as a hero
[Music]

02:19:42,810 --> 02:19:42,820
[Music]
 

02:19:42,820 --> 02:19:49,470
[Music]
[Laughter]

02:19:49,470 --> 02:19:49,480
 
 

02:19:49,480 --> 02:19:57,270
 
[Music]

02:19:57,270 --> 02:19:57,280
[Music]
 

02:19:57,280 --> 02:20:02,070
[Music]
he spied on the board

02:20:02,070 --> 02:20:02,080
 
 

02:20:02,080 --> 02:20:04,389
 
petitioned lord milner unsuccessfully

02:20:04,389 --> 02:20:04,399
petitioned lord milner unsuccessfully
 

02:20:04,399 --> 02:20:07,510
petitioned lord milner unsuccessfully
for guns

02:20:07,510 --> 02:20:07,520
 
 

02:20:07,520 --> 02:20:09,190
 
he organized the women and children to

02:20:09,190 --> 02:20:09,200
he organized the women and children to
 

02:20:09,200 --> 02:20:19,110
he organized the women and children to
defend the town

02:20:19,110 --> 02:20:19,120
 
 

02:20:19,120 --> 02:20:22,550
 
in january 1901 poor's captured calvinia

02:20:22,550 --> 02:20:22,560
in january 1901 poor's captured calvinia
 

02:20:22,560 --> 02:20:25,590
in january 1901 poor's captured calvinia
and declared martial law

02:20:25,590 --> 02:20:25,600
and declared martial law
 

02:20:25,600 --> 02:20:28,630
and declared martial law
the buddha saw abram iso as a traitor a

02:20:28,630 --> 02:20:28,640
the buddha saw abram iso as a traitor a
 

02:20:28,640 --> 02:20:30,790
the buddha saw abram iso as a traitor a
rebel

02:20:30,790 --> 02:20:30,800
rebel
 

02:20:30,800 --> 02:20:34,230
rebel
they looked at him he's making trouble

02:20:34,230 --> 02:20:34,240
they looked at him he's making trouble
 

02:20:34,240 --> 02:20:35,190
they looked at him he's making trouble
and

02:20:35,190 --> 02:20:35,200
and
 

02:20:35,200 --> 02:20:37,510
and
they is trying to

02:20:37,510 --> 02:20:37,520
they is trying to
 

02:20:37,520 --> 02:20:39,750
they is trying to
to to encourage the rest of the colored

02:20:39,750 --> 02:20:39,760
to to encourage the rest of the colored
 

02:20:39,760 --> 02:20:47,190
to to encourage the rest of the colored
community to rise against the buddha

02:20:47,190 --> 02:20:47,200
 
 

02:20:47,200 --> 02:20:49,349
 
a martyr remembered

02:20:49,349 --> 02:20:49,359
a martyr remembered
 

02:20:49,359 --> 02:20:51,670
a martyr remembered
during the anglo-world war

02:20:51,670 --> 02:20:51,680
during the anglo-world war
 

02:20:51,680 --> 02:20:53,750
during the anglo-world war
tens of thousands of african and

02:20:53,750 --> 02:20:53,760
tens of thousands of african and
 

02:20:53,760 --> 02:20:55,190
tens of thousands of african and
coloured people

02:20:55,190 --> 02:20:55,200
coloured people
 

02:20:55,200 --> 02:20:56,870
coloured people
aligned themselves with the british

02:20:56,870 --> 02:20:56,880
aligned themselves with the british
 

02:20:56,880 --> 02:20:58,550
aligned themselves with the british
cause

02:20:58,550 --> 02:20:58,560
cause
 

02:20:58,560 --> 02:21:01,110
cause
prominent amongst them was the village

02:21:01,110 --> 02:21:01,120
prominent amongst them was the village
 

02:21:01,120 --> 02:21:04,309
prominent amongst them was the village
blacksmith abram eso

02:21:04,309 --> 02:21:04,319
blacksmith abram eso
 

02:21:04,319 --> 02:21:06,469
blacksmith abram eso
eso and his compatriots

02:21:06,469 --> 02:21:06,479
eso and his compatriots
 

02:21:06,479 --> 02:21:08,710
eso and his compatriots
had joined the fight to protect what

02:21:08,710 --> 02:21:08,720
had joined the fight to protect what
 

02:21:08,720 --> 02:21:13,270
had joined the fight to protect what
fuel rights they had under imperial rule

02:21:13,270 --> 02:21:13,280
fuel rights they had under imperial rule
 

02:21:13,280 --> 02:21:15,910
fuel rights they had under imperial rule
in january of 1901

02:21:15,910 --> 02:21:15,920
in january of 1901
 

02:21:15,920 --> 02:21:17,990
in january of 1901
calfinia was captured by free state

02:21:17,990 --> 02:21:18,000
calfinia was captured by free state
 

02:21:18,000 --> 02:21:19,429
calfinia was captured by free state
commandos

02:21:19,429 --> 02:21:19,439
commandos
 

02:21:19,439 --> 02:21:24,630
commandos
eso was amongst those who were arrested

02:21:24,630 --> 02:21:24,640
 
 

02:21:24,640 --> 02:21:26,389
 
the buddha caught up

02:21:26,389 --> 02:21:26,399
the buddha caught up
 

02:21:26,399 --> 02:21:28,309
the buddha caught up
with abram iso

02:21:28,309 --> 02:21:28,319
with abram iso
 

02:21:28,319 --> 02:21:29,910
with abram iso
and they brought him

02:21:29,910 --> 02:21:29,920
and they brought him
 

02:21:29,920 --> 02:21:33,349
and they brought him
to the town where he was killed they was

02:21:33,349 --> 02:21:33,359
to the town where he was killed they was
 

02:21:33,359 --> 02:21:35,110
to the town where he was killed they was
he was dragged

02:21:35,110 --> 02:21:35,120
he was dragged
 

02:21:35,120 --> 02:21:37,349
he was dragged
between two horses that my mother told

02:21:37,349 --> 02:21:37,359
between two horses that my mother told
 

02:21:37,359 --> 02:21:39,190
between two horses that my mother told
me

02:21:39,190 --> 02:21:39,200
me
 

02:21:39,200 --> 02:21:44,230
me
and then he was shot

02:21:44,230 --> 02:21:44,240
 
 

02:21:44,240 --> 02:21:45,910
 
they told us

02:21:45,910 --> 02:21:45,920
they told us
 

02:21:45,920 --> 02:21:47,750
they told us
the children sometimes when we went

02:21:47,750 --> 02:21:47,760
the children sometimes when we went
 

02:21:47,760 --> 02:21:48,550
the children sometimes when we went
there

02:21:48,550 --> 02:21:48,560
there
 

02:21:48,560 --> 02:21:49,349
there
that

02:21:49,349 --> 02:21:49,359
that
 

02:21:49,359 --> 02:21:52,550
that
they cut out his tongue and they cut out

02:21:52,550 --> 02:21:52,560
they cut out his tongue and they cut out
 

02:21:52,560 --> 02:21:55,510
they cut out his tongue and they cut out
abram's eso's eyes they took the eyes

02:21:55,510 --> 02:21:55,520
abram's eso's eyes they took the eyes
 

02:21:55,520 --> 02:21:58,950
abram's eso's eyes they took the eyes
out

02:21:58,950 --> 02:21:58,960
 
 

02:21:58,960 --> 02:22:01,510
 
the next day some of the people went to

02:22:01,510 --> 02:22:01,520
the next day some of the people went to
 

02:22:01,520 --> 02:22:02,469
the next day some of the people went to
put

02:22:02,469 --> 02:22:02,479
put
 

02:22:02,479 --> 02:22:03,750
put
flowers

02:22:03,750 --> 02:22:03,760
flowers
 

02:22:03,760 --> 02:22:06,870
flowers
where his blood was spilled

02:22:06,870 --> 02:22:06,880
where his blood was spilled
 

02:22:06,880 --> 02:22:12,540
where his blood was spilled
they put some flowers there

02:22:12,540 --> 02:22:12,550
 
 

02:22:12,550 --> 02:22:24,389
 
[Music]

02:22:24,389 --> 02:22:24,399
 
 

02:22:24,399 --> 02:22:39,400
 
me

02:22:39,400 --> 02:22:39,410
 
 

02:22:39,410 --> 02:22:51,830
 
[Music]

02:22:51,830 --> 02:22:51,840
[Music]
 

02:22:51,840 --> 02:22:54,230
[Music]
next week in the boer war

02:22:54,230 --> 02:22:54,240
next week in the boer war
 

02:22:54,240 --> 02:22:55,910
next week in the boer war
the british concentration camps for

02:22:55,910 --> 02:22:55,920
the british concentration camps for
 

02:22:55,920 --> 02:22:57,110
the british concentration camps for
blacks

02:22:57,110 --> 02:22:57,120
blacks
 

02:22:57,120 --> 02:23:01,110
blacks
a tragedy long covered up

02:23:01,110 --> 02:23:01,120
 
 

02:23:01,120 --> 02:23:03,110
 
the atrocities spiral in the final

02:23:03,110 --> 02:23:03,120
the atrocities spiral in the final
 

02:23:03,120 --> 02:23:04,870
the atrocities spiral in the final
months

02:23:04,870 --> 02:23:04,880
months
 

02:23:04,880 --> 02:23:07,910
months
the boers take the war to the bitter end

02:23:07,910 --> 02:23:07,920
the boers take the war to the bitter end
 

02:23:07,920 --> 02:23:09,590
the boers take the war to the bitter end
and the settlement paves the way for

02:23:09,590 --> 02:23:09,600
and the settlement paves the way for
 

02:23:09,600 --> 02:23:11,670
and the settlement paves the way for
nearly a century of rancor and

02:23:11,670 --> 02:23:11,680
nearly a century of rancor and
 

02:23:11,680 --> 02:23:13,190
nearly a century of rancor and
oppression

02:23:13,190 --> 02:23:13,200
oppression
 

02:23:13,200 --> 02:23:33,349
oppression
[Music]

02:23:33,349 --> 02:23:33,359
 
 

02:23:33,359 --> 02:23:36,309
 
the coming of the english

02:23:36,309 --> 02:23:36,319
the coming of the english
 

02:23:36,319 --> 02:23:37,429
the coming of the english
and

02:23:37,429 --> 02:23:37,439
and
 

02:23:37,439 --> 02:23:39,270
and
the world war

02:23:39,270 --> 02:23:39,280
the world war
 

02:23:39,280 --> 02:23:41,990
the world war
was a great tragedy

02:23:41,990 --> 02:23:42,000
was a great tragedy
 

02:23:42,000 --> 02:23:45,750
was a great tragedy
that affected not only the boers

02:23:45,750 --> 02:23:45,760
that affected not only the boers
 

02:23:45,760 --> 02:23:49,270
that affected not only the boers
but even the black people

02:23:49,270 --> 02:23:49,280
but even the black people
 

02:23:49,280 --> 02:23:52,230
but even the black people
they both suffered materially

02:23:52,230 --> 02:23:52,240
they both suffered materially
 

02:23:52,240 --> 02:23:54,230
they both suffered materially
spiritually

02:23:54,230 --> 02:23:54,240
spiritually
 

02:23:54,240 --> 02:23:56,469
spiritually
and otherwise

02:23:56,469 --> 02:23:56,479
and otherwise
 

02:23:56,479 --> 02:23:58,870
and otherwise
and the scars of that suffering are

02:23:58,870 --> 02:23:58,880
and the scars of that suffering are
 

02:23:58,880 --> 02:24:04,320
and the scars of that suffering are
still there on both sides

02:24:04,320 --> 02:24:04,330
 
 

02:24:04,330 --> 02:24:22,230
 
[Music]

02:24:22,230 --> 02:24:22,240
 
 

02:24:22,240 --> 02:24:25,750
 
by 1902 after two years of fighting

02:24:25,750 --> 02:24:25,760
by 1902 after two years of fighting
 

02:24:25,760 --> 02:24:27,429
by 1902 after two years of fighting
a quarter of a million british troops

02:24:27,429 --> 02:24:27,439
a quarter of a million british troops
 

02:24:27,439 --> 02:24:29,429
a quarter of a million british troops
were finally gaining the upper hand over

02:24:29,429 --> 02:24:29,439
were finally gaining the upper hand over
 

02:24:29,439 --> 02:24:33,349
were finally gaining the upper hand over
twenty thousand bores

02:24:33,349 --> 02:24:33,359
 
 

02:24:33,359 --> 02:24:35,349
 
the dying months of the war were the

02:24:35,349 --> 02:24:35,359
the dying months of the war were the
 

02:24:35,359 --> 02:24:37,750
the dying months of the war were the
cruelest

02:24:37,750 --> 02:24:37,760
cruelest
 

02:24:37,760 --> 02:24:57,429
cruelest
[Music]

02:24:57,429 --> 02:24:57,439
[Music]
 

02:24:57,439 --> 02:24:59,750
[Music]
capture death and desertion had whittled

02:24:59,750 --> 02:24:59,760
capture death and desertion had whittled
 

02:24:59,760 --> 02:25:02,630
capture death and desertion had whittled
down poor numbers

02:25:02,630 --> 02:25:02,640
down poor numbers
 

02:25:02,640 --> 02:25:04,230
down poor numbers
but the whole empire had answered

02:25:04,230 --> 02:25:04,240
but the whole empire had answered
 

02:25:04,240 --> 02:25:07,190
but the whole empire had answered
britain's call

02:25:07,190 --> 02:25:07,200
 
 

02:25:07,200 --> 02:25:11,110
 
australia sent over 16 000 and they were

02:25:11,110 --> 02:25:11,120
australia sent over 16 000 and they were
 

02:25:11,120 --> 02:25:13,190
australia sent over 16 000 and they were
all volunteers

02:25:13,190 --> 02:25:13,200
all volunteers
 

02:25:13,200 --> 02:25:15,190
all volunteers
new zealand

02:25:15,190 --> 02:25:15,200
new zealand
 

02:25:15,200 --> 02:25:18,630
new zealand
seen six and a half thousand men

02:25:18,630 --> 02:25:18,640
seen six and a half thousand men
 

02:25:18,640 --> 02:25:20,630
seen six and a half thousand men
the same number of horses which was some

02:25:20,630 --> 02:25:20,640
the same number of horses which was some
 

02:25:20,640 --> 02:25:22,790
the same number of horses which was some
of the best horses in the country and a

02:25:22,790 --> 02:25:22,800
of the best horses in the country and a
 

02:25:22,800 --> 02:25:25,429
of the best horses in the country and a
fair number of field pieces canada had

02:25:25,429 --> 02:25:25,439
fair number of field pieces canada had
 

02:25:25,439 --> 02:25:28,870
fair number of field pieces canada had
nearly 8 000 volunteers here

02:25:28,870 --> 02:25:28,880
nearly 8 000 volunteers here
 

02:25:28,880 --> 02:25:31,110
nearly 8 000 volunteers here
so you've got these huge numbers of

02:25:31,110 --> 02:25:31,120
so you've got these huge numbers of
 

02:25:31,120 --> 02:25:33,510
so you've got these huge numbers of
colonial volunteers

02:25:33,510 --> 02:25:33,520
colonial volunteers
 

02:25:33,520 --> 02:25:35,110
colonial volunteers
fighting on the british side and

02:25:35,110 --> 02:25:35,120
fighting on the british side and
 

02:25:35,120 --> 02:25:38,870
fighting on the british side and
distinguishing themselves very much so

02:25:38,870 --> 02:25:38,880
distinguishing themselves very much so
 

02:25:38,880 --> 02:25:40,710
distinguishing themselves very much so
sometimes i think very much to the

02:25:40,710 --> 02:25:40,720
sometimes i think very much to the
 

02:25:40,720 --> 02:25:43,750
sometimes i think very much to the
discomfort of the british generals

02:25:43,750 --> 02:25:43,760
discomfort of the british generals
 

02:25:43,760 --> 02:25:54,330
discomfort of the british generals
difficult people as australians

02:25:54,330 --> 02:25:54,340
 
 

02:25:54,340 --> 02:25:58,230
 
[Music]

02:25:58,230 --> 02:25:58,240
 
 

02:25:58,240 --> 02:26:00,870
 
this was less a war of pitched battles

02:26:00,870 --> 02:26:00,880
this was less a war of pitched battles
 

02:26:00,880 --> 02:26:05,030
this was less a war of pitched battles
than of isolated guerrilla skirmishes

02:26:05,030 --> 02:26:05,040
 
 

02:26:05,040 --> 02:26:07,030
 
one task was to clear the felt of

02:26:07,030 --> 02:26:07,040
one task was to clear the felt of
 

02:26:07,040 --> 02:26:08,550
one task was to clear the felt of
civilians

02:26:08,550 --> 02:26:08,560
civilians
 

02:26:08,560 --> 02:26:12,389
civilians
to cut off support for the boers

02:26:12,389 --> 02:26:12,399
 
 

02:26:12,399 --> 02:26:14,550
 
walker thompson of the bushman's corps

02:26:14,550 --> 02:26:14,560
walker thompson of the bushman's corps
 

02:26:14,560 --> 02:26:16,309
walker thompson of the bushman's corps
wrote to his brother about the scorched

02:26:16,309 --> 02:26:16,319
wrote to his brother about the scorched
 

02:26:16,319 --> 02:26:19,030
wrote to his brother about the scorched
earth policy

02:26:19,030 --> 02:26:19,040
earth policy
 

02:26:19,040 --> 02:26:20,950
earth policy
we burned hundreds of homes and had to

02:26:20,950 --> 02:26:20,960
we burned hundreds of homes and had to
 

02:26:20,960 --> 02:26:22,950
we burned hundreds of homes and had to
turn the women and children out

02:26:22,950 --> 02:26:22,960
turn the women and children out
 

02:26:22,960 --> 02:26:25,190
turn the women and children out
it's a job i can't stand

02:26:25,190 --> 02:26:25,200
it's a job i can't stand
 

02:26:25,200 --> 02:26:27,750
it's a job i can't stand
we came over to fight men not women and

02:26:27,750 --> 02:26:27,760
we came over to fight men not women and
 

02:26:27,760 --> 02:26:33,429
we came over to fight men not women and
children

02:26:33,429 --> 02:26:33,439
 
 

02:26:33,439 --> 02:26:35,270
 
colonial troops were often used at the

02:26:35,270 --> 02:26:35,280
colonial troops were often used at the
 

02:26:35,280 --> 02:26:38,230
colonial troops were often used at the
hard margins of the war

02:26:38,230 --> 02:26:38,240
hard margins of the war
 

02:26:38,240 --> 02:26:40,309
hard margins of the war
on the toughest terrain against diehard

02:26:40,309 --> 02:26:40,319
on the toughest terrain against diehard
 

02:26:40,319 --> 02:26:43,110
on the toughest terrain against diehard
boer commandos

02:26:43,110 --> 02:26:43,120
boer commandos
 

02:26:43,120 --> 02:26:44,550
boer commandos
they earned a reputation for

02:26:44,550 --> 02:26:44,560
they earned a reputation for
 

02:26:44,560 --> 02:26:47,590
they earned a reputation for
ruthlessness

02:26:47,590 --> 02:26:47,600
 
 

02:26:47,600 --> 02:26:49,590
 
the bushfield carboneeres was an

02:26:49,590 --> 02:26:49,600
the bushfield carboneeres was an
 

02:26:49,600 --> 02:26:51,830
the bushfield carboneeres was an
irregular outfit of australians

02:26:51,830 --> 02:26:51,840
irregular outfit of australians
 

02:26:51,840 --> 02:26:54,950
irregular outfit of australians
loyal south africans british and others

02:26:54,950 --> 02:26:54,960
loyal south africans british and others
 

02:26:54,960 --> 02:26:56,550
loyal south africans british and others
raised to mop up in the wilds of the

02:26:56,550 --> 02:26:56,560
raised to mop up in the wilds of the
 

02:26:56,560 --> 02:26:58,890
raised to mop up in the wilds of the
northern transvaal

02:26:58,890 --> 02:26:58,900
northern transvaal
 

02:26:58,900 --> 02:27:01,030
northern transvaal
[Music]

02:27:01,030 --> 02:27:01,040
[Music]
 

02:27:01,040 --> 02:27:02,389
[Music]
several carboneers were caught

02:27:02,389 --> 02:27:02,399
several carboneers were caught
 

02:27:02,399 --> 02:27:04,870
several carboneers were caught
marshalled for shooting dead eight bores

02:27:04,870 --> 02:27:04,880
marshalled for shooting dead eight bores
 

02:27:04,880 --> 02:27:08,710
marshalled for shooting dead eight bores
after they had surrendered

02:27:08,710 --> 02:27:08,720
 
 

02:27:08,720 --> 02:27:10,469
 
their defense was they had orders to

02:27:10,469 --> 02:27:10,479
their defense was they had orders to
 

02:27:10,479 --> 02:27:15,510
their defense was they had orders to
take no prisoners

02:27:15,510 --> 02:27:15,520
 
 

02:27:15,520 --> 02:27:17,670
 
two australian officers lieutenants

02:27:17,670 --> 02:27:17,680
two australian officers lieutenants
 

02:27:17,680 --> 02:27:20,309
two australian officers lieutenants
breaker morant and hancock were shot by

02:27:20,309 --> 02:27:20,319
breaker morant and hancock were shot by
 

02:27:20,319 --> 02:27:23,030
breaker morant and hancock were shot by
firing squad

02:27:23,030 --> 02:27:23,040
firing squad
 

02:27:23,040 --> 02:27:25,349
firing squad
for a practice that some got away with

02:27:25,349 --> 02:27:25,359
for a practice that some got away with
 

02:27:25,359 --> 02:27:28,830
for a practice that some got away with
as walker thompson

02:27:28,830 --> 02:27:28,840
 
 

02:27:28,840 --> 02:27:31,349
 
witnessed the monster fusiliers thought

02:27:31,349 --> 02:27:31,359
witnessed the monster fusiliers thought
 

02:27:31,359 --> 02:27:33,030
witnessed the monster fusiliers thought
it would be easier to mine corpses than

02:27:33,030 --> 02:27:33,040
it would be easier to mine corpses than
 

02:27:33,040 --> 02:27:34,230
it would be easier to mine corpses than
live men

02:27:34,230 --> 02:27:34,240
live men
 

02:27:34,240 --> 02:27:37,190
live men
so they bayoneted about 30 of the boars

02:27:37,190 --> 02:27:37,200
so they bayoneted about 30 of the boars
 

02:27:37,200 --> 02:27:38,309
so they bayoneted about 30 of the boars
lay down

02:27:38,309 --> 02:27:38,319
lay down
 

02:27:38,319 --> 02:27:39,860
lay down
and had a good sleep

02:27:39,860 --> 02:27:39,870
and had a good sleep
 

02:27:39,870 --> 02:27:41,990
and had a good sleep
[Music]

02:27:41,990 --> 02:27:42,000
[Music]
 

02:27:42,000 --> 02:27:43,990
[Music]
the burs too increasingly committed

02:27:43,990 --> 02:27:44,000
the burs too increasingly committed
 

02:27:44,000 --> 02:27:46,550
the burs too increasingly committed
atrocities against blacks fighting for

02:27:46,550 --> 02:27:46,560
atrocities against blacks fighting for
 

02:27:46,560 --> 02:27:48,630
atrocities against blacks fighting for
the british

02:27:48,630 --> 02:27:48,640
the british
 

02:27:48,640 --> 02:27:50,630
the british
poor general marnie moritz and his men

02:27:50,630 --> 02:27:50,640
poor general marnie moritz and his men
 

02:27:50,640 --> 02:27:52,630
poor general marnie moritz and his men
operated behind the lines in the british

02:27:52,630 --> 02:27:52,640
operated behind the lines in the british
 

02:27:52,640 --> 02:27:54,950
operated behind the lines in the british
cape colony

02:27:54,950 --> 02:27:54,960
cape colony
 

02:27:54,960 --> 02:27:56,950
cape colony
in january 1902 they reached the

02:27:56,950 --> 02:27:56,960
in january 1902 they reached the
 

02:27:56,960 --> 02:27:59,190
in january 1902 they reached the
settlement of lelifontain

02:27:59,190 --> 02:27:59,200
settlement of lelifontain
 

02:27:59,200 --> 02:28:00,630
settlement of lelifontain
the story has passed down the

02:28:00,630 --> 02:28:00,640
the story has passed down the
 

02:28:00,640 --> 02:28:08,630
the story has passed down the
generations

02:28:08,630 --> 02:28:08,640
 
 

02:28:08,640 --> 02:28:10,790
 
this was a rich area

02:28:10,790 --> 02:28:10,800
this was a rich area
 

02:28:10,800 --> 02:28:13,110
this was a rich area
it had food

02:28:13,110 --> 02:28:13,120
it had food
 

02:28:13,120 --> 02:28:16,710
it had food
it had grain it had sheep it had cattle

02:28:16,710 --> 02:28:16,720
it had grain it had sheep it had cattle
 

02:28:16,720 --> 02:28:19,670
it had grain it had sheep it had cattle
and it had horses

02:28:19,670 --> 02:28:19,680
and it had horses
 

02:28:19,680 --> 02:28:21,030
and it had horses
my child

02:28:21,030 --> 02:28:21,040
my child
 

02:28:21,040 --> 02:28:22,550
my child
the bush came

02:28:22,550 --> 02:28:22,560
the bush came
 

02:28:22,560 --> 02:28:29,030
the bush came
and they destroyed everything

02:28:29,030 --> 02:28:29,040
 
 

02:28:29,040 --> 02:28:31,510
 
they bankrupted everyone

02:28:31,510 --> 02:28:31,520
they bankrupted everyone
 

02:28:31,520 --> 02:28:38,070
they bankrupted everyone
and they planted poverty in our soil

02:28:38,070 --> 02:28:38,080
 
 

02:28:38,080 --> 02:28:39,750
 
the people of lillyfontaine were

02:28:39,750 --> 02:28:39,760
the people of lillyfontaine were
 

02:28:39,760 --> 02:28:42,309
the people of lillyfontaine were
fiercely loyal to britain

02:28:42,309 --> 02:28:42,319
fiercely loyal to britain
 

02:28:42,319 --> 02:28:44,710
fiercely loyal to britain
they served as scouts and spies

02:28:44,710 --> 02:28:44,720
they served as scouts and spies
 

02:28:44,720 --> 02:28:46,710
they served as scouts and spies
but marnie maritz wasn't having any of

02:28:46,710 --> 02:28:46,720
but marnie maritz wasn't having any of
 

02:28:46,720 --> 02:28:48,980
but marnie maritz wasn't having any of
it

02:28:48,980 --> 02:28:48,990
 
 

02:28:48,990 --> 02:28:51,750
 
[Music]

02:28:51,750 --> 02:28:51,760
[Music]
 

02:28:51,760 --> 02:28:56,389
[Music]
it is

02:28:56,389 --> 02:28:56,399
 
 

02:28:56,399 --> 02:28:58,309
 
this business of you supporting the

02:28:58,309 --> 02:28:58,319
this business of you supporting the
 

02:28:58,319 --> 02:29:00,389
this business of you supporting the
english we don't want it

02:29:00,389 --> 02:29:00,399
english we don't want it
 

02:29:00,399 --> 02:29:02,630
english we don't want it
we won't bother you but we don't want

02:29:02,630 --> 02:29:02,640
we won't bother you but we don't want
 

02:29:02,640 --> 02:29:06,870
we won't bother you but we don't want
you coming out with all that [ __ ] here

02:29:06,870 --> 02:29:06,880
 
 

02:29:06,880 --> 02:29:08,790
 
we're giving you a proclamation which

02:29:08,790 --> 02:29:08,800
we're giving you a proclamation which
 

02:29:08,800 --> 02:29:10,710
we're giving you a proclamation which
will tell you the terms under which you

02:29:10,710 --> 02:29:10,720
will tell you the terms under which you
 

02:29:10,720 --> 02:29:12,389
will tell you the terms under which you
may live here

02:29:12,389 --> 02:29:12,399
may live here
 

02:29:12,399 --> 02:29:15,590
may live here
and he read it aloud to them

02:29:15,590 --> 02:29:15,600
and he read it aloud to them
 

02:29:15,600 --> 02:29:17,110
and he read it aloud to them
and when you got to the point where it

02:29:17,110 --> 02:29:17,120
and when you got to the point where it
 

02:29:17,120 --> 02:29:18,070
and when you got to the point where it
said

02:29:18,070 --> 02:29:18,080
said
 

02:29:18,080 --> 02:29:20,150
said
i do not want to find you in this war

02:29:20,150 --> 02:29:20,160
i do not want to find you in this war
 

02:29:20,160 --> 02:29:22,550
i do not want to find you in this war
fighting for the queen of england

02:29:22,550 --> 02:29:22,560
fighting for the queen of england
 

02:29:22,560 --> 02:29:24,309
fighting for the queen of england
barnabas link said

02:29:24,309 --> 02:29:24,319
barnabas link said
 

02:29:24,319 --> 02:29:27,110
barnabas link said
you bastard don't you speak that way

02:29:27,110 --> 02:29:27,120
you bastard don't you speak that way
 

02:29:27,120 --> 02:29:29,270
you bastard don't you speak that way
about my queen

02:29:29,270 --> 02:29:29,280
about my queen
 

02:29:29,280 --> 02:29:31,429
about my queen
and he hit my father over the head with

02:29:31,429 --> 02:29:31,439
and he hit my father over the head with
 

02:29:31,439 --> 02:29:33,590
and he hit my father over the head with
a knob carrier

02:29:33,590 --> 02:29:33,600
a knob carrier
 

02:29:33,600 --> 02:29:38,870
a knob carrier
i admit this audrey

02:29:38,870 --> 02:29:38,880
 
 

02:29:38,880 --> 02:29:41,510
 
it was with a knob kiri like this that

02:29:41,510 --> 02:29:41,520
it was with a knob kiri like this that
 

02:29:41,520 --> 02:29:43,110
it was with a knob kiri like this that
he hit maritz

02:29:43,110 --> 02:29:43,120
he hit maritz
 

02:29:43,120 --> 02:29:45,830
he hit maritz
and that blow caused all the trouble

02:29:45,830 --> 02:29:45,840
and that blow caused all the trouble
 

02:29:45,840 --> 02:30:02,550
and that blow caused all the trouble
right there and then

02:30:02,550 --> 02:30:02,560
 
 

02:30:02,560 --> 02:30:07,190
 
and then vengeance came into the war

02:30:07,190 --> 02:30:07,200
and then vengeance came into the war
 

02:30:07,200 --> 02:30:11,270
and then vengeance came into the war
the story is that

02:30:11,270 --> 02:30:11,280
 
 

02:30:11,280 --> 02:30:13,349
 
they used to say that general maritz

02:30:13,349 --> 02:30:13,359
they used to say that general maritz
 

02:30:13,359 --> 02:30:15,830
they used to say that general maritz
could use this as well as any cowboy

02:30:15,830 --> 02:30:15,840
could use this as well as any cowboy
 

02:30:15,840 --> 02:30:17,670
could use this as well as any cowboy
used his gun

02:30:17,670 --> 02:30:17,680
used his gun
 

02:30:17,680 --> 02:30:19,590
used his gun
if you look at it you can see that it

02:30:19,590 --> 02:30:19,600
if you look at it you can see that it
 

02:30:19,600 --> 02:30:22,630
if you look at it you can see that it
had a range of a thousand meters

02:30:22,630 --> 02:30:22,640
had a range of a thousand meters
 

02:30:22,640 --> 02:30:25,110
had a range of a thousand meters
it was an unusual revolver and that you

02:30:25,110 --> 02:30:25,120
it was an unusual revolver and that you
 

02:30:25,120 --> 02:30:26,870
it was an unusual revolver and that you
could add this arm

02:30:26,870 --> 02:30:26,880
could add this arm
 

02:30:26,880 --> 02:30:28,710
could add this arm
and then you'd shoot with it butted up

02:30:28,710 --> 02:30:28,720
and then you'd shoot with it butted up
 

02:30:28,720 --> 02:30:30,790
and then you'd shoot with it butted up
against your shoulder

02:30:30,790 --> 02:30:30,800
against your shoulder
 

02:30:30,800 --> 02:30:45,030
against your shoulder
this

02:30:45,030 --> 02:30:45,040
 
 

02:30:45,040 --> 02:30:47,910
 
boers then retreated through this pass

02:30:47,910 --> 02:30:47,920
boers then retreated through this pass
 

02:30:47,920 --> 02:30:49,510
boers then retreated through this pass
where they were ambushed by the people

02:30:49,510 --> 02:30:49,520
where they were ambushed by the people
 

02:30:49,520 --> 02:30:51,110
where they were ambushed by the people
of lelifontain

02:30:51,110 --> 02:30:51,120
of lelifontain
 

02:30:51,120 --> 02:30:53,349
of lelifontain
who rolled boulders down onto them

02:30:53,349 --> 02:30:53,359
who rolled boulders down onto them
 

02:30:53,359 --> 02:31:13,030
who rolled boulders down onto them
killing 30 bores

02:31:13,030 --> 02:31:13,040
 
 

02:31:13,040 --> 02:31:15,270
 
moritz and his men wiped out leli

02:31:15,270 --> 02:31:15,280
moritz and his men wiped out leli
 

02:31:15,280 --> 02:31:16,389
moritz and his men wiped out leli
fontaine

02:31:16,389 --> 02:31:16,399
fontaine
 

02:31:16,399 --> 02:31:20,710
fontaine
strewing bodies across the church garden

02:31:20,710 --> 02:31:20,720
 
 

02:31:20,720 --> 02:31:24,950
 
46 killed and a hundred wounded

02:31:24,950 --> 02:31:24,960
 
 

02:31:24,960 --> 02:31:36,630
 
the survivors shackled as slaves

02:31:36,630 --> 02:31:36,640
 
 

02:31:36,640 --> 02:31:38,550
 
the women folk had to bury those who

02:31:38,550 --> 02:31:38,560
the women folk had to bury those who
 

02:31:38,560 --> 02:31:40,230
the women folk had to bury those who
were shot

02:31:40,230 --> 02:31:40,240
were shot
 

02:31:40,240 --> 02:31:42,870
were shot
my child it was a sad story our old

02:31:42,870 --> 02:31:42,880
my child it was a sad story our old
 

02:31:42,880 --> 02:31:45,910
my child it was a sad story our old
people told us

02:31:45,910 --> 02:31:45,920
 
 

02:31:45,920 --> 02:31:48,230
 
boars like moritz were determined that

02:31:48,230 --> 02:31:48,240
boars like moritz were determined that
 

02:31:48,240 --> 02:31:50,150
boars like moritz were determined that
nothing must threaten white supremacy in

02:31:50,150 --> 02:31:50,160
nothing must threaten white supremacy in
 

02:31:50,160 --> 02:31:52,469
nothing must threaten white supremacy in
south africa

02:31:52,469 --> 02:31:52,479
south africa
 

02:31:52,479 --> 02:31:54,790
south africa
but the people of lelifontain had no

02:31:54,790 --> 02:31:54,800
but the people of lelifontain had no
 

02:31:54,800 --> 02:31:58,150
but the people of lelifontain had no
compunction about taking on the boars

02:31:58,150 --> 02:31:58,160
compunction about taking on the boars
 

02:31:58,160 --> 02:32:00,550
compunction about taking on the boars
they like many other non-whites in south

02:32:00,550 --> 02:32:00,560
they like many other non-whites in south
 

02:32:00,560 --> 02:32:03,860
they like many other non-whites in south
africa were active players in this war

02:32:03,860 --> 02:32:03,870
africa were active players in this war
 

02:32:03,870 --> 02:32:11,270
africa were active players in this war
[Music]

02:32:11,270 --> 02:32:11,280
 
 

02:32:11,280 --> 02:32:12,469
 
across the country there was

02:32:12,469 --> 02:32:12,479
across the country there was
 

02:32:12,479 --> 02:32:14,780
across the country there was
considerable variation in allegiance

02:32:14,780 --> 02:32:14,790
considerable variation in allegiance
 

02:32:14,790 --> 02:32:18,230
considerable variation in allegiance
[Music]

02:32:18,230 --> 02:32:18,240
[Music]
 

02:32:18,240 --> 02:32:21,510
[Music]
most basutos sided with britain

02:32:21,510 --> 02:32:21,520
most basutos sided with britain
 

02:32:21,520 --> 02:32:23,349
most basutos sided with britain
but some believe their best hopes lay

02:32:23,349 --> 02:32:23,359
but some believe their best hopes lay
 

02:32:23,359 --> 02:32:24,870
but some believe their best hopes lay
with the boers

02:32:24,870 --> 02:32:24,880
with the boers
 

02:32:24,880 --> 02:32:26,389
with the boers
and weren't afraid to strike out on

02:32:26,389 --> 02:32:26,399
and weren't afraid to strike out on
 

02:32:26,399 --> 02:33:03,830
and weren't afraid to strike out on
their own

02:33:03,830 --> 02:33:03,840
 
 

02:33:03,840 --> 02:33:06,870
 
he means that as well

02:33:06,870 --> 02:33:06,880
he means that as well
 

02:33:06,880 --> 02:33:09,990
he means that as well
it gives you a good beating

02:33:09,990 --> 02:33:10,000
it gives you a good beating
 

02:33:10,000 --> 02:33:16,790
it gives you a good beating
you know where you are

02:33:16,790 --> 02:33:16,800
 
 

02:33:16,800 --> 02:33:18,950
 
people started hating my grandfather

02:33:18,950 --> 02:33:18,960
people started hating my grandfather
 

02:33:18,960 --> 02:33:24,710
people started hating my grandfather
because he continued to like them

02:33:24,710 --> 02:33:24,720
 
 

02:33:24,720 --> 02:33:33,190
 
[Music]

02:33:33,190 --> 02:33:33,200
 
 

02:33:33,200 --> 02:33:37,510
 
the boers always needed fresh supplies

02:33:37,510 --> 02:33:37,520
the boers always needed fresh supplies
 

02:33:37,520 --> 02:33:39,429
the boers always needed fresh supplies
they increasingly relied on sympathetic

02:33:39,429 --> 02:33:39,439
they increasingly relied on sympathetic
 

02:33:39,439 --> 02:33:42,070
they increasingly relied on sympathetic
blacks like etienne mafutsunyana's

02:33:42,070 --> 02:33:42,080
blacks like etienne mafutsunyana's
 

02:33:42,080 --> 02:33:46,790
blacks like etienne mafutsunyana's
grandfather

02:33:46,790 --> 02:33:46,800
 
 

02:33:46,800 --> 02:33:50,870
 
he had a house not far from here

02:33:50,870 --> 02:33:50,880
 
 

02:33:50,880 --> 02:33:53,349
 
during the night he flew a flag at his

02:33:53,349 --> 02:33:53,359
during the night he flew a flag at his
 

02:33:53,359 --> 02:33:54,230
during the night he flew a flag at his
house

02:33:54,230 --> 02:33:54,240
house
 

02:33:54,240 --> 02:33:58,230
house
so the wars wouldn't get lost

02:33:58,230 --> 02:33:58,240
 
 

02:33:58,240 --> 02:34:00,389
 
he would hide them in his house

02:34:00,389 --> 02:34:00,399
he would hide them in his house
 

02:34:00,399 --> 02:34:08,550
he would hide them in his house
while he went

02:34:08,550 --> 02:34:08,560
 
 

02:34:08,560 --> 02:34:15,360
 
and he would do the same all over again

02:34:15,360 --> 02:34:15,370
 
 

02:34:15,370 --> 02:34:21,429
 
[Music]

02:34:21,429 --> 02:34:21,439
 
 

02:34:21,439 --> 02:34:23,750
 
the boys did not find all blacks so

02:34:23,750 --> 02:34:23,760
the boys did not find all blacks so
 

02:34:23,760 --> 02:34:25,590
the boys did not find all blacks so
helpful

02:34:25,590 --> 02:34:25,600
helpful
 

02:34:25,600 --> 02:34:27,349
helpful
those who tried to stop the boers common

02:34:27,349 --> 02:34:27,359
those who tried to stop the boers common
 

02:34:27,359 --> 02:34:30,389
those who tried to stop the boers common
during their food paid a heavy price as

02:34:30,389 --> 02:34:30,399
during their food paid a heavy price as
 

02:34:30,399 --> 02:34:40,710
during their food paid a heavy price as
dora ramotibi remembers

02:34:40,710 --> 02:34:40,720
 
 

02:34:40,720 --> 02:34:55,990
 
the poor criminals

02:34:55,990 --> 02:34:56,000
 
 

02:34:56,000 --> 02:35:06,350
 
hey

02:35:06,350 --> 02:35:06,360
 
 

02:35:06,360 --> 02:35:10,070
 
[Music]

02:35:10,070 --> 02:35:10,080
[Music]
 

02:35:10,080 --> 02:35:12,870
[Music]
the british also torched black homes to

02:35:12,870 --> 02:35:12,880
the british also torched black homes to
 

02:35:12,880 --> 02:35:16,710
the british also torched black homes to
deny support to the boers

02:35:16,710 --> 02:35:16,720
 
 

02:35:16,720 --> 02:35:18,790
 
will saxon of the manchester regiment

02:35:18,790 --> 02:35:18,800
will saxon of the manchester regiment
 

02:35:18,800 --> 02:35:20,880
will saxon of the manchester regiment
wrote home about these operations

02:35:20,880 --> 02:35:20,890
wrote home about these operations
 

02:35:20,890 --> 02:35:23,750
wrote home about these operations
[Music]

02:35:23,750 --> 02:35:23,760
[Music]
 

02:35:23,760 --> 02:35:25,910
[Music]
as far as i could see in every direction

02:35:25,910 --> 02:35:25,920
as far as i could see in every direction
 

02:35:25,920 --> 02:35:27,280
as far as i could see in every direction
crawls were burning

02:35:27,280 --> 02:35:27,290
crawls were burning
 

02:35:27,290 --> 02:35:31,270
crawls were burning
[Music]

02:35:31,270 --> 02:35:31,280
[Music]
 

02:35:31,280 --> 02:35:33,990
[Music]
i feel sorry for the black woman

02:35:33,990 --> 02:35:34,000
i feel sorry for the black woman
 

02:35:34,000 --> 02:35:35,990
i feel sorry for the black woman
the tears rolled down their cheeks and

02:35:35,990 --> 02:35:36,000
the tears rolled down their cheeks and
 

02:35:36,000 --> 02:35:40,870
the tears rolled down their cheeks and
the pikanins cluster around them

02:35:40,870 --> 02:35:40,880
 
 

02:35:40,880 --> 02:35:42,950
 
i always think of a wounded stag when i

02:35:42,950 --> 02:35:42,960
i always think of a wounded stag when i
 

02:35:42,960 --> 02:35:43,910
i always think of a wounded stag when i
see them

02:35:43,910 --> 02:35:43,920
see them
 

02:35:43,920 --> 02:35:47,690
see them
staring at their burning hoods

02:35:47,690 --> 02:35:47,700
 
 

02:35:47,700 --> 02:35:52,870
 
[Music]

02:35:52,870 --> 02:35:52,880
 
 

02:35:52,880 --> 02:35:55,990
 
the british herded over 120 000 blacks

02:35:55,990 --> 02:35:56,000
the british herded over 120 000 blacks
 

02:35:56,000 --> 02:35:59,320
the british herded over 120 000 blacks
into a network of 75 concentration camps

02:35:59,320 --> 02:35:59,330
into a network of 75 concentration camps
 

02:35:59,330 --> 02:36:01,270
into a network of 75 concentration camps
[Music]

02:36:01,270 --> 02:36:01,280
[Music]
 

02:36:01,280 --> 02:36:03,270
[Music]
little known about during the war the

02:36:03,270 --> 02:36:03,280
little known about during the war the
 

02:36:03,280 --> 02:36:05,270
little known about during the war the
black camps have been all but forgotten

02:36:05,270 --> 02:36:05,280
black camps have been all but forgotten
 

02:36:05,280 --> 02:36:08,309
black camps have been all but forgotten
since

02:36:08,309 --> 02:36:08,319
 
 

02:36:08,319 --> 02:36:10,230
 
they initially seemed like sanctuary

02:36:10,230 --> 02:36:10,240
they initially seemed like sanctuary
 

02:36:10,240 --> 02:36:12,780
they initially seemed like sanctuary
after the dangers of living on the felt

02:36:12,780 --> 02:36:12,790
after the dangers of living on the felt
 

02:36:12,790 --> 02:36:15,830
after the dangers of living on the felt
[Music]

02:36:15,830 --> 02:36:15,840
[Music]
 

02:36:15,840 --> 02:36:17,750
[Music]
anna molokan has never forgotten her

02:36:17,750 --> 02:36:17,760
anna molokan has never forgotten her
 

02:36:17,760 --> 02:36:23,190
anna molokan has never forgotten her
first sight of the scottish soldiers

02:36:23,190 --> 02:36:23,200
 
 

02:36:23,200 --> 02:36:26,230
 
they weren't wearing ordinary clothes

02:36:26,230 --> 02:36:26,240
they weren't wearing ordinary clothes
 

02:36:26,240 --> 02:36:31,990
they weren't wearing ordinary clothes
they were wearing red skirts

02:36:31,990 --> 02:36:32,000
 
 

02:36:32,000 --> 02:36:34,469
 
they had fringed belts across their

02:36:34,469 --> 02:36:34,479
they had fringed belts across their
 

02:36:34,479 --> 02:36:35,590
they had fringed belts across their
chests

02:36:35,590 --> 02:36:35,600
chests
 

02:36:35,600 --> 02:36:38,469
chests
you would see them sashaying along

02:36:38,469 --> 02:36:38,479
you would see them sashaying along
 

02:36:38,479 --> 02:36:40,870
you would see them sashaying along
their berets on their heads and their

02:36:40,870 --> 02:36:40,880
their berets on their heads and their
 

02:36:40,880 --> 02:36:42,070
their berets on their heads and their
clothes

02:36:42,070 --> 02:36:42,080
clothes
 

02:36:42,080 --> 02:36:47,990
clothes
make them look nothing like booze

02:36:47,990 --> 02:36:48,000
 
 

02:36:48,000 --> 02:36:55,110
 
this is how they walked

02:36:55,110 --> 02:36:55,120
 
 

02:36:55,120 --> 02:36:56,790
 
but conditions in the camps were

02:36:56,790 --> 02:36:56,800
but conditions in the camps were
 

02:36:56,800 --> 02:36:58,630
but conditions in the camps were
appalling

02:36:58,630 --> 02:36:58,640
appalling
 

02:36:58,640 --> 02:37:01,190
appalling
disease was rife

02:37:01,190 --> 02:37:01,200
disease was rife
 

02:37:01,200 --> 02:37:03,190
disease was rife
all save the poorest blacks had to pay

02:37:03,190 --> 02:37:03,200
all save the poorest blacks had to pay
 

02:37:03,200 --> 02:37:05,270
all save the poorest blacks had to pay
for their food

02:37:05,270 --> 02:37:05,280
for their food
 

02:37:05,280 --> 02:37:07,349
for their food
the only way to earn money was to work

02:37:07,349 --> 02:37:07,359
the only way to earn money was to work
 

02:37:07,359 --> 02:37:11,270
the only way to earn money was to work
for the british a form of forced labor

02:37:11,270 --> 02:37:11,280
for the british a form of forced labor
 

02:37:11,280 --> 02:37:12,950
for the british a form of forced labor
if you didn't have a man in your family

02:37:12,950 --> 02:37:12,960
if you didn't have a man in your family
 

02:37:12,960 --> 02:37:15,429
if you didn't have a man in your family
working for the army you were charged

02:37:15,429 --> 02:37:15,439
working for the army you were charged
 

02:37:15,439 --> 02:37:27,429
working for the army you were charged
double for rations

02:37:27,429 --> 02:37:27,439
 
 

02:37:27,439 --> 02:37:30,630
 
our grain is used to gather low cost for

02:37:30,630 --> 02:37:30,640
our grain is used to gather low cost for
 

02:37:30,640 --> 02:37:44,550
our grain is used to gather low cost for
us to

02:37:44,550 --> 02:37:44,560
 
 

02:37:44,560 --> 02:37:47,670
 
we used to eat those worms and also

02:37:47,670 --> 02:37:47,680
we used to eat those worms and also
 

02:37:47,680 --> 02:37:49,830
we used to eat those worms and also
roots from the ground

02:37:49,830 --> 02:37:49,840
roots from the ground
 

02:37:49,840 --> 02:37:56,870
roots from the ground
just to survive

02:37:56,870 --> 02:37:56,880
 
 

02:37:56,880 --> 02:38:07,550
 
the war was heavy going

02:38:07,550 --> 02:38:07,560
 
 

02:38:07,560 --> 02:38:11,429
 
[Music]

02:38:11,429 --> 02:38:11,439
 
 

02:38:11,439 --> 02:38:13,429
 
if the inmates wanted shelter from south

02:38:13,429 --> 02:38:13,439
if the inmates wanted shelter from south
 

02:38:13,439 --> 02:38:15,510
if the inmates wanted shelter from south
africa's extreme climate

02:38:15,510 --> 02:38:15,520
africa's extreme climate
 

02:38:15,520 --> 02:38:19,590
africa's extreme climate
the british weren't about to provide it

02:38:19,590 --> 02:38:19,600
 
 

02:38:19,600 --> 02:38:22,070
 
the superintendent of brentfort camp was

02:38:22,070 --> 02:38:22,080
the superintendent of brentfort camp was
 

02:38:22,080 --> 02:38:24,070
the superintendent of brentfort camp was
given strict orders

02:38:24,070 --> 02:38:24,080
given strict orders
 

02:38:24,080 --> 02:38:26,309
given strict orders
tents allotted to you are only for white

02:38:26,309 --> 02:38:26,319
tents allotted to you are only for white
 

02:38:26,319 --> 02:38:27,510
tents allotted to you are only for white
camps

02:38:27,510 --> 02:38:27,520
camps
 

02:38:27,520 --> 02:38:29,590
camps
on no account must these be given to

02:38:29,590 --> 02:38:29,600
on no account must these be given to
 

02:38:29,600 --> 02:38:31,990
on no account must these be given to
natives

02:38:31,990 --> 02:38:32,000
natives
 

02:38:32,000 --> 02:38:34,550
natives
the blacks lived as third class citizens

02:38:34,550 --> 02:38:34,560
the blacks lived as third class citizens
 

02:38:34,560 --> 02:38:42,389
the blacks lived as third class citizens
and that's how they died

02:38:42,389 --> 02:38:42,399
 
 

02:38:42,399 --> 02:38:44,870
 
it was bad in those days

02:38:44,870 --> 02:38:44,880
it was bad in those days
 

02:38:44,880 --> 02:38:49,349
it was bad in those days
we didn't all get out of the camp alive

02:38:49,349 --> 02:38:49,359
we didn't all get out of the camp alive
 

02:38:49,359 --> 02:38:52,550
we didn't all get out of the camp alive
a lot of people died

02:38:52,550 --> 02:38:52,560
a lot of people died
 

02:38:52,560 --> 02:39:01,270
a lot of people died
all women couldn't take it

02:39:01,270 --> 02:39:01,280
 
 

02:39:01,280 --> 02:39:05,349
 
[Music]

02:39:05,349 --> 02:39:05,359
[Music]
 

02:39:05,359 --> 02:39:08,309
[Music]
the reverend w h r brown was one of very

02:39:08,309 --> 02:39:08,319
the reverend w h r brown was one of very
 

02:39:08,319 --> 02:39:10,200
the reverend w h r brown was one of very
few to visit a black camp

02:39:10,200 --> 02:39:10,210
few to visit a black camp
 

02:39:10,210 --> 02:39:12,550
few to visit a black camp
[Music]

02:39:12,550 --> 02:39:12,560
[Music]
 

02:39:12,560 --> 02:39:14,790
[Music]
they have lost everything

02:39:14,790 --> 02:39:14,800
they have lost everything
 

02:39:14,800 --> 02:39:16,309
they have lost everything
and there being no political party

02:39:16,309 --> 02:39:16,319
and there being no political party
 

02:39:16,319 --> 02:39:18,150
and there being no political party
interested in their destiny

02:39:18,150 --> 02:39:18,160
interested in their destiny
 

02:39:18,160 --> 02:39:19,990
interested in their destiny
they go to the wall

02:39:19,990 --> 02:39:20,000
they go to the wall
 

02:39:20,000 --> 02:39:23,510
they go to the wall
as the weakest are bound to

02:39:23,510 --> 02:39:23,520
as the weakest are bound to
 

02:39:23,520 --> 02:39:29,830
as the weakest are bound to
[Music]

02:39:29,830 --> 02:39:29,840
 
 

02:39:29,840 --> 02:39:35,830
 
[Music]

02:39:35,830 --> 02:39:35,840
 
 

02:39:35,840 --> 02:39:38,070
 
the boys still fighting for independence

02:39:38,070 --> 02:39:38,080
the boys still fighting for independence
 

02:39:38,080 --> 02:39:40,710
the boys still fighting for independence
called themselves bitter enders

02:39:40,710 --> 02:39:40,720
called themselves bitter enders
 

02:39:40,720 --> 02:39:42,469
called themselves bitter enders
[Music]

02:39:42,469 --> 02:39:42,479
[Music]
 

02:39:42,479 --> 02:39:44,790
[Music]
but the tougher the struggle became and

02:39:44,790 --> 02:39:44,800
but the tougher the struggle became and
 

02:39:44,800 --> 02:39:47,030
but the tougher the struggle became and
the likelier british victory looked

02:39:47,030 --> 02:39:47,040
the likelier british victory looked
 

02:39:47,040 --> 02:39:49,390
the likelier british victory looked
the more boers changed

02:39:49,390 --> 02:39:49,400
the more boers changed
 

02:39:49,400 --> 02:39:50,830
the more boers changed
[Music]

02:39:50,830 --> 02:39:50,840
[Music]
 

02:39:50,840 --> 02:39:53,510
[Music]
sides by the final months a quarter of

02:39:53,510 --> 02:39:53,520
sides by the final months a quarter of
 

02:39:53,520 --> 02:39:56,150
sides by the final months a quarter of
all boars in the field were joiners

02:39:56,150 --> 02:39:56,160
all boars in the field were joiners
 

02:39:56,160 --> 02:39:58,230
all boars in the field were joiners
fighting for the british

02:39:58,230 --> 02:39:58,240
fighting for the british
 

02:39:58,240 --> 02:40:01,590
fighting for the british
[Music]

02:40:01,590 --> 02:40:01,600
 
 

02:40:01,600 --> 02:40:03,270
 
my father was not nearly as opposed to

02:40:03,270 --> 02:40:03,280
my father was not nearly as opposed to
 

02:40:03,280 --> 02:40:19,349
my father was not nearly as opposed to
the english as he was to the joinery

02:40:19,349 --> 02:40:19,359
 
 

02:40:19,359 --> 02:40:21,830
 
a unit of the 600 strong farmers guard

02:40:21,830 --> 02:40:21,840
a unit of the 600 strong farmers guard
 

02:40:21,840 --> 02:40:24,550
a unit of the 600 strong farmers guard
at bloomfontaine

02:40:24,550 --> 02:40:24,560
at bloomfontaine
 

02:40:24,560 --> 02:40:26,230
at bloomfontaine
they sided with the british to protect

02:40:26,230 --> 02:40:26,240
they sided with the british to protect
 

02:40:26,240 --> 02:40:29,110
they sided with the british to protect
their farms against their fellow bores

02:40:29,110 --> 02:40:29,120
their farms against their fellow bores
 

02:40:29,120 --> 02:40:30,710
their farms against their fellow bores
hence their motto

02:40:30,710 --> 02:40:30,720
hence their motto
 

02:40:30,720 --> 02:40:33,030
hence their motto
what we have we hold inscribed in

02:40:33,030 --> 02:40:33,040
what we have we hold inscribed in
 

02:40:33,040 --> 02:40:37,269
what we have we hold inscribed in
bullets over the british crown

02:40:37,269 --> 02:40:37,279
 
 

02:40:37,279 --> 02:40:39,030
 
joiners helped the british track down

02:40:39,030 --> 02:40:39,040
joiners helped the british track down
 

02:40:39,040 --> 02:40:42,230
joiners helped the british track down
boars and burn their farms

02:40:42,230 --> 02:40:42,240
boars and burn their farms
 

02:40:42,240 --> 02:40:44,150
boars and burn their farms
there were reports of boers castrating

02:40:44,150 --> 02:40:44,160
there were reports of boers castrating
 

02:40:44,160 --> 02:40:49,030
there were reports of boers castrating
joiners they managed to capture

02:40:49,030 --> 02:40:49,040
 
 

02:40:49,040 --> 02:40:51,030
 
there were joiners in the camps put

02:40:51,030 --> 02:40:51,040
there were joiners in the camps put
 

02:40:51,040 --> 02:40:53,429
there were joiners in the camps put
there for their own protection

02:40:53,429 --> 02:40:53,439
there for their own protection
 

02:40:53,439 --> 02:40:56,790
there for their own protection
often in positions of petty authority

02:40:56,790 --> 02:40:56,800
often in positions of petty authority
 

02:40:56,800 --> 02:40:59,590
often in positions of petty authority
to join us at buyer

02:40:59,590 --> 02:40:59,600
to join us at buyer
 

02:40:59,600 --> 02:41:01,269
to join us at buyer
the joiners treated the people in the

02:41:01,269 --> 02:41:01,279
the joiners treated the people in the
 

02:41:01,279 --> 02:41:05,990
the joiners treated the people in the
camps much worse than the english did

02:41:05,990 --> 02:41:06,000
 
 

02:41:06,000 --> 02:41:07,429
 
alfred

02:41:07,429 --> 02:41:07,439
alfred
 

02:41:07,439 --> 02:41:10,630
alfred
they thought they were the bee's knees

02:41:10,630 --> 02:41:10,640
they thought they were the bee's knees
 

02:41:10,640 --> 02:41:13,750
they thought they were the bee's knees
they mocked them

02:41:13,750 --> 02:41:13,760
 
 

02:41:13,760 --> 02:41:15,910
 
your husbands are fighting you're dying

02:41:15,910 --> 02:41:15,920
your husbands are fighting you're dying
 

02:41:15,920 --> 02:41:23,510
your husbands are fighting you're dying
of hunger and we've got piles of food

02:41:23,510 --> 02:41:23,520
 
 

02:41:23,520 --> 02:41:26,070
 
many of the camps were run by renegade

02:41:26,070 --> 02:41:26,080
many of the camps were run by renegade
 

02:41:26,080 --> 02:41:27,750
many of the camps were run by renegade
burs

02:41:27,750 --> 02:41:27,760
burs
 

02:41:27,760 --> 02:41:30,389
burs
and you get the small

02:41:30,389 --> 02:41:30,399
and you get the small
 

02:41:30,399 --> 02:41:32,870
and you get the small
miserable interaction

02:41:32,870 --> 02:41:32,880
miserable interaction
 

02:41:32,880 --> 02:41:34,790
miserable interaction
between people who are too close

02:41:34,790 --> 02:41:34,800
between people who are too close
 

02:41:34,800 --> 02:41:36,469
between people who are too close
together

02:41:36,469 --> 02:41:36,479
together
 

02:41:36,479 --> 02:41:39,990
together
and have no love

02:41:39,990 --> 02:41:40,000
 
 

02:41:40,000 --> 02:41:41,590
 
and i think this is what happens and

02:41:41,590 --> 02:41:41,600
and i think this is what happens and
 

02:41:41,600 --> 02:41:43,510
and i think this is what happens and
this is why in south africa

02:41:43,510 --> 02:41:43,520
this is why in south africa
 

02:41:43,520 --> 02:41:45,990
this is why in south africa
in that war the one had the elements of

02:41:45,990 --> 02:41:46,000
in that war the one had the elements of
 

02:41:46,000 --> 02:41:53,030
in that war the one had the elements of
a civil war

02:41:53,030 --> 02:41:53,040
 
 

02:41:53,040 --> 02:41:56,230
 
the boers troubles were mounting

02:41:56,230 --> 02:41:56,240
the boers troubles were mounting
 

02:41:56,240 --> 02:41:57,910
the boers troubles were mounting
they had relied on the british to house

02:41:57,910 --> 02:41:57,920
they had relied on the british to house
 

02:41:57,920 --> 02:41:59,030
they had relied on the british to house
their families in the white

02:41:59,030 --> 02:41:59,040
their families in the white
 

02:41:59,040 --> 02:42:02,970
their families in the white
concentration camps awful as they were

02:42:02,970 --> 02:42:02,980
concentration camps awful as they were
 

02:42:02,980 --> 02:42:05,750
concentration camps awful as they were
[Music]

02:42:05,750 --> 02:42:05,760
[Music]
 

02:42:05,760 --> 02:42:07,349
[Music]
by 1902

02:42:07,349 --> 02:42:07,359
by 1902
 

02:42:07,359 --> 02:42:08,950
by 1902
following the visit and report of the

02:42:08,950 --> 02:42:08,960
following the visit and report of the
 

02:42:08,960 --> 02:42:10,309
following the visit and report of the
fawcett commission

02:42:10,309 --> 02:42:10,319
fawcett commission
 

02:42:10,319 --> 02:42:13,030
fawcett commission
death rates fell and conditions improved

02:42:13,030 --> 02:42:13,040
death rates fell and conditions improved
 

02:42:13,040 --> 02:42:17,990
death rates fell and conditions improved
as poor general louis butter confirmed

02:42:17,990 --> 02:42:18,000
 
 

02:42:18,000 --> 02:42:20,230
 
one is only too thankful nowadays to

02:42:20,230 --> 02:42:20,240
one is only too thankful nowadays to
 

02:42:20,240 --> 02:42:22,230
one is only too thankful nowadays to
know that our wives are under english

02:42:22,230 --> 02:42:22,240
know that our wives are under english
 

02:42:22,240 --> 02:42:24,870
know that our wives are under english
protection

02:42:24,870 --> 02:42:24,880
 
 

02:42:24,880 --> 02:42:26,870
 
but lord kitchener decided to leave the

02:42:26,870 --> 02:42:26,880
but lord kitchener decided to leave the
 

02:42:26,880 --> 02:42:29,830
but lord kitchener decided to leave the
boar women and children on the veld

02:42:29,830 --> 02:42:29,840
boar women and children on the veld
 

02:42:29,840 --> 02:42:31,790
boar women and children on the veld
let their men folk look after them

02:42:31,790 --> 02:42:31,800
let their men folk look after them
 

02:42:31,800 --> 02:42:33,190
let their men folk look after them
[Music]

02:42:33,190 --> 02:42:33,200
[Music]
 

02:42:33,200 --> 02:42:35,190
[Music]
but the velt was now a very dangerous

02:42:35,190 --> 02:42:35,200
but the velt was now a very dangerous
 

02:42:35,200 --> 02:42:36,870
but the velt was now a very dangerous
place

02:42:36,870 --> 02:42:36,880
place
 

02:42:36,880 --> 02:42:39,110
place
white women black women

02:42:39,110 --> 02:42:39,120
white women black women
 

02:42:39,120 --> 02:42:41,190
white women black women
all were vulnerable

02:42:41,190 --> 02:42:41,200
all were vulnerable
 

02:42:41,200 --> 02:42:44,070
all were vulnerable
maruti setiloani recalls a story told

02:42:44,070 --> 02:42:44,080
maruti setiloani recalls a story told
 

02:42:44,080 --> 02:42:46,550
maruti setiloani recalls a story told
him by an eyewitness

02:42:46,550 --> 02:42:46,560
him by an eyewitness
 

02:42:46,560 --> 02:42:48,790
him by an eyewitness
there came this troupe of english

02:42:48,790 --> 02:42:48,800
there came this troupe of english
 

02:42:48,800 --> 02:42:51,110
there came this troupe of english
soldiers on horseback

02:42:51,110 --> 02:42:51,120
soldiers on horseback
 

02:42:51,120 --> 02:42:53,349
soldiers on horseback
and there was this woman there

02:42:53,349 --> 02:42:53,359
and there was this woman there
 

02:42:53,359 --> 02:42:56,630
and there was this woman there
who was gathering cow dung dry cow dung

02:42:56,630 --> 02:42:56,640
who was gathering cow dung dry cow dung
 

02:42:56,640 --> 02:42:59,750
who was gathering cow dung dry cow dung
to go and make fire

02:42:59,750 --> 02:42:59,760
to go and make fire
 

02:42:59,760 --> 02:43:01,990
to go and make fire
and as they came on

02:43:01,990 --> 02:43:02,000
and as they came on
 

02:43:02,000 --> 02:43:04,389
and as they came on
there she was

02:43:04,389 --> 02:43:04,399
there she was
 

02:43:04,399 --> 02:43:07,429
there she was
obviously naturally like soldiers like

02:43:07,429 --> 02:43:07,439
obviously naturally like soldiers like
 

02:43:07,439 --> 02:43:09,750
obviously naturally like soldiers like
men who had been away from home they

02:43:09,750 --> 02:43:09,760
men who had been away from home they
 

02:43:09,760 --> 02:43:12,070
men who had been away from home they
were sex staffed

02:43:12,070 --> 02:43:12,080
were sex staffed
 

02:43:12,080 --> 02:43:13,110
were sex staffed
they came

02:43:13,110 --> 02:43:13,120
they came
 

02:43:13,120 --> 02:43:15,349
they came
and they pushed her off

02:43:15,349 --> 02:43:15,359
and they pushed her off
 

02:43:15,359 --> 02:43:17,349
and they pushed her off
and they raped her

02:43:17,349 --> 02:43:17,359
and they raped her
 

02:43:17,359 --> 02:43:19,990
and they raped her
and he tells about how she lay there and

02:43:19,990 --> 02:43:20,000
and he tells about how she lay there and
 

02:43:20,000 --> 02:43:23,030
and he tells about how she lay there and
one would go into her and go over and

02:43:23,030 --> 02:43:23,040
one would go into her and go over and
 

02:43:23,040 --> 02:43:25,269
one would go into her and go over and
another one would come into her and go

02:43:25,269 --> 02:43:25,279
another one would come into her and go
 

02:43:25,279 --> 02:43:28,469
another one would come into her and go
over and every time when somebody should

02:43:28,469 --> 02:43:28,479
over and every time when somebody should
 

02:43:28,479 --> 02:43:30,309
over and every time when somebody should
leave with their arms open like that

02:43:30,309 --> 02:43:30,319
leave with their arms open like that
 

02:43:30,319 --> 02:43:32,230
leave with their arms open like that
they would take a note

02:43:32,230 --> 02:43:32,240
they would take a note
 

02:43:32,240 --> 02:43:34,550
they would take a note
with the queen's head and put it on her

02:43:34,550 --> 02:43:34,560
with the queen's head and put it on her
 

02:43:34,560 --> 02:43:35,510
with the queen's head and put it on her
hand

02:43:35,510 --> 02:43:35,520
hand
 

02:43:35,520 --> 02:43:36,550
hand
that is

02:43:36,550 --> 02:43:36,560
that is
 

02:43:36,560 --> 02:43:38,389
that is
the fairness of the british you've got

02:43:38,389 --> 02:43:38,399
the fairness of the british you've got
 

02:43:38,399 --> 02:43:42,950
the fairness of the british you've got
to pay for what you get

02:43:42,950 --> 02:43:42,960
 
 

02:43:42,960 --> 02:43:45,110
 
my father and others

02:43:45,110 --> 02:43:45,120
my father and others
 

02:43:45,120 --> 02:43:48,150
my father and others
they would assault these sexual assault

02:43:48,150 --> 02:43:48,160
they would assault these sexual assault
 

02:43:48,160 --> 02:43:48,950
they would assault these sexual assault
these

02:43:48,950 --> 02:43:48,960
these
 

02:43:48,960 --> 02:43:52,150
these
boy girls and you see the point was this

02:43:52,150 --> 02:43:52,160
boy girls and you see the point was this
 

02:43:52,160 --> 02:43:54,150
boy girls and you see the point was this
it's not easy to always find a white

02:43:54,150 --> 02:43:54,160
it's not easy to always find a white
 

02:43:54,160 --> 02:43:56,389
it's not easy to always find a white
woman around anywhere where i grew up on

02:43:56,389 --> 02:43:56,399
woman around anywhere where i grew up on
 

02:43:56,399 --> 02:43:57,429
woman around anywhere where i grew up on
the farm

02:43:57,429 --> 02:43:57,439
the farm
 

02:43:57,439 --> 02:43:59,349
the farm
a woman was sacrificing a white one was

02:43:59,349 --> 02:43:59,359
a woman was sacrificing a white one was
 

02:43:59,359 --> 02:44:00,550
a woman was sacrificing a white one was
sacrosanct

02:44:00,550 --> 02:44:00,560
sacrosanct
 

02:44:00,560 --> 02:44:04,550
sacrosanct
here was an open sesame situation

02:44:04,550 --> 02:44:04,560
here was an open sesame situation
 

02:44:04,560 --> 02:44:06,389
here was an open sesame situation
where you can take these girls and they

02:44:06,389 --> 02:44:06,399
where you can take these girls and they
 

02:44:06,399 --> 02:44:08,469
where you can take these girls and they
can't refuse they can't defend

02:44:08,469 --> 02:44:08,479
can't refuse they can't defend
 

02:44:08,479 --> 02:44:10,870
can't refuse they can't defend
themselves and very often things like

02:44:10,870 --> 02:44:10,880
themselves and very often things like
 

02:44:10,880 --> 02:44:15,110
themselves and very often things like
that did in fact take place

02:44:15,110 --> 02:44:15,120
 
 

02:44:15,120 --> 02:44:17,269
 
european propaganda blamed the british

02:44:17,269 --> 02:44:17,279
european propaganda blamed the british
 

02:44:17,279 --> 02:44:20,790
european propaganda blamed the british
for giving blacks power over white women

02:44:20,790 --> 02:44:20,800
for giving blacks power over white women
 

02:44:20,800 --> 02:44:24,309
for giving blacks power over white women
the boers had their own response

02:44:24,309 --> 02:44:24,319
the boers had their own response
 

02:44:24,319 --> 02:44:26,469
the boers had their own response
my master's thief

02:44:26,469 --> 02:44:26,479
my master's thief
 

02:44:26,479 --> 02:44:28,469
my master's thief
my mother's step brother planted them in

02:44:28,469 --> 02:44:28,479
my mother's step brother planted them in
 

02:44:28,479 --> 02:44:29,910
my mother's step brother planted them in
homes

02:44:29,910 --> 02:44:29,920
homes
 

02:44:29,920 --> 02:44:31,670
homes
when they caught a hot and top molesting

02:44:31,670 --> 02:44:31,680
when they caught a hot and top molesting
 

02:44:31,680 --> 02:44:33,830
when they caught a hot and top molesting
women on the farms they would plant him

02:44:33,830 --> 02:44:33,840
women on the farms they would plant him
 

02:44:33,840 --> 02:44:36,230
women on the farms they would plant him
like a pole in the ground

02:44:36,230 --> 02:44:36,240
like a pole in the ground
 

02:44:36,240 --> 02:44:38,070
like a pole in the ground
alive

02:44:38,070 --> 02:44:38,080
alive
 

02:44:38,080 --> 02:44:39,910
alive
they planted them so deep that they

02:44:39,910 --> 02:44:39,920
they planted them so deep that they
 

02:44:39,920 --> 02:44:47,429
they planted them so deep that they
couldn't get out

02:44:47,429 --> 02:44:47,439
 
 

02:44:47,439 --> 02:44:49,670
 
some boars now fear that the blacks were

02:44:49,670 --> 02:44:49,680
some boars now fear that the blacks were
 

02:44:49,680 --> 02:44:51,590
some boars now fear that the blacks were
threatening the established racial order

02:44:51,590 --> 02:44:51,600
threatening the established racial order
 

02:44:51,600 --> 02:44:54,630
threatening the established racial order
in south africa

02:44:54,630 --> 02:44:54,640
 
 

02:44:54,640 --> 02:44:56,630
 
a lookout point known as grenadier hill

02:44:56,630 --> 02:44:56,640
a lookout point known as grenadier hill
 

02:44:56,640 --> 02:44:58,630
a lookout point known as grenadier hill
in the northern cape

02:44:58,630 --> 02:44:58,640
in the northern cape
 

02:44:58,640 --> 02:45:00,469
in the northern cape
the soldiers wild away the time by

02:45:00,469 --> 02:45:00,479
the soldiers wild away the time by
 

02:45:00,479 --> 02:45:02,950
the soldiers wild away the time by
carving their names

02:45:02,950 --> 02:45:02,960
carving their names
 

02:45:02,960 --> 02:45:04,870
carving their names
next to the tommies are the names of

02:45:04,870 --> 02:45:04,880
next to the tommies are the names of
 

02:45:04,880 --> 02:45:07,910
next to the tommies are the names of
their three black comrades in arms ali

02:45:07,910 --> 02:45:07,920
their three black comrades in arms ali
 

02:45:07,920 --> 02:45:10,790
their three black comrades in arms ali
sixpence and john

02:45:10,790 --> 02:45:10,800
sixpence and john
 

02:45:10,800 --> 02:45:13,030
sixpence and john
the boer war had given the blacks an

02:45:13,030 --> 02:45:13,040
the boer war had given the blacks an
 

02:45:13,040 --> 02:45:16,150
the boer war had given the blacks an
enhanced status alongside englishmen

02:45:16,150 --> 02:45:16,160
enhanced status alongside englishmen
 

02:45:16,160 --> 02:45:20,870
enhanced status alongside englishmen
and a taste of power over the bores

02:45:20,870 --> 02:45:20,880
 
 

02:45:20,880 --> 02:45:23,590
 
my father had a uniform and a gun

02:45:23,590 --> 02:45:23,600
my father had a uniform and a gun
 

02:45:23,600 --> 02:45:25,990
my father had a uniform and a gun
and he had the protection of the english

02:45:25,990 --> 02:45:26,000
and he had the protection of the english
 

02:45:26,000 --> 02:45:27,190
and he had the protection of the english
and

02:45:27,190 --> 02:45:27,200
and
 

02:45:27,200 --> 02:45:30,070
and
wherever the english were and they were

02:45:30,070 --> 02:45:30,080
wherever the english were and they were
 

02:45:30,080 --> 02:45:31,990
wherever the english were and they were
there my father was there

02:45:31,990 --> 02:45:32,000
there my father was there
 

02:45:32,000 --> 02:45:33,910
there my father was there
and the attack against the boss he saw

02:45:33,910 --> 02:45:33,920
and the attack against the boss he saw
 

02:45:33,920 --> 02:45:36,150
and the attack against the boss he saw
the balls ran away

02:45:36,150 --> 02:45:36,160
the balls ran away
 

02:45:36,160 --> 02:45:39,190
the balls ran away
you know saw the boys run away

02:45:39,190 --> 02:45:39,200
you know saw the boys run away
 

02:45:39,200 --> 02:45:40,309
you know saw the boys run away
the balls were frightened of the

02:45:40,309 --> 02:45:40,319
the balls were frightened of the
 

02:45:40,319 --> 02:45:42,630
the balls were frightened of the
soldiers the car keys it was a bit of

02:45:42,630 --> 02:45:42,640
soldiers the car keys it was a bit of
 

02:45:42,640 --> 02:45:44,469
soldiers the car keys it was a bit of
sensational pleasure

02:45:44,469 --> 02:45:44,479
sensational pleasure
 

02:45:44,479 --> 02:45:49,190
sensational pleasure
to see them run away

02:45:49,190 --> 02:45:49,200
 
 

02:45:49,200 --> 02:45:51,510
 
it seemed to the cape politician john x

02:45:51,510 --> 02:45:51,520
it seemed to the cape politician john x
 

02:45:51,520 --> 02:45:54,830
it seemed to the cape politician john x
merriman that the genie was out of the

02:45:54,830 --> 02:45:54,840
merriman that the genie was out of the
 

02:45:54,840 --> 02:45:58,389
merriman that the genie was out of the
bottle these people will have been armed

02:45:58,389 --> 02:45:58,399
bottle these people will have been armed
 

02:45:58,399 --> 02:46:01,510
bottle these people will have been armed
and set on to fight and harry white men

02:46:01,510 --> 02:46:01,520
and set on to fight and harry white men
 

02:46:01,520 --> 02:46:03,510
and set on to fight and harry white men
it will be difficult to get the arms

02:46:03,510 --> 02:46:03,520
it will be difficult to get the arms
 

02:46:03,520 --> 02:46:05,910
it will be difficult to get the arms
from them and to teach them to unlearn

02:46:05,910 --> 02:46:05,920
from them and to teach them to unlearn
 

02:46:05,920 --> 02:46:08,870
from them and to teach them to unlearn
the lesson

02:46:08,870 --> 02:46:08,880
 
 

02:46:08,880 --> 02:46:11,110
 
the boar's knee-jerk reaction was to

02:46:11,110 --> 02:46:11,120
the boar's knee-jerk reaction was to
 

02:46:11,120 --> 02:46:12,710
the boar's knee-jerk reaction was to
slaughter blacks they caught fighting

02:46:12,710 --> 02:46:12,720
slaughter blacks they caught fighting
 

02:46:12,720 --> 02:46:15,190
slaughter blacks they caught fighting
against them

02:46:15,190 --> 02:46:15,200
against them
 

02:46:15,200 --> 02:46:18,710
against them
a british soldier summed it up

02:46:18,710 --> 02:46:18,720
a british soldier summed it up
 

02:46:18,720 --> 02:46:19,830
a british soldier summed it up
johnny ball

02:46:19,830 --> 02:46:19,840
johnny ball
 

02:46:19,840 --> 02:46:21,269
johnny ball
he used to shoot [ __ ] like you'd

02:46:21,269 --> 02:46:21,279
he used to shoot [ __ ] like you'd
 

02:46:21,279 --> 02:46:23,140
he used to shoot [ __ ] like you'd
shoot a dog

02:46:23,140 --> 02:46:23,150
shoot a dog
 

02:46:23,150 --> 02:46:33,750
shoot a dog
[Music]

02:46:33,750 --> 02:46:33,760
 
 

02:46:33,760 --> 02:46:35,190
 
had warned the burgers still on the

02:46:35,190 --> 02:46:35,200
had warned the burgers still on the
 

02:46:35,200 --> 02:46:36,389
had warned the burgers still on the
battlefield

02:46:36,389 --> 02:46:36,399
battlefield
 

02:46:36,399 --> 02:46:45,590
battlefield
not to execute

02:46:45,590 --> 02:46:45,600
 
 

02:46:45,600 --> 02:46:47,269
 
because the consequences could be very

02:46:47,269 --> 02:46:47,279
because the consequences could be very
 

02:46:47,279 --> 02:46:58,600
because the consequences could be very
bad for future relationships

02:46:58,600 --> 02:46:58,610
 
 

02:46:58,610 --> 02:47:01,269
 
[Music]

02:47:01,269 --> 02:47:01,279
[Music]
 

02:47:01,279 --> 02:47:03,670
[Music]
in thinking about the post-war order

02:47:03,670 --> 02:47:03,680
in thinking about the post-war order
 

02:47:03,680 --> 02:47:07,910
in thinking about the post-war order
clearly saw the end approaching

02:47:07,910 --> 02:47:07,920
 
 

02:47:07,920 --> 02:47:09,670
 
they could hardly move for the maze of

02:47:09,670 --> 02:47:09,680
they could hardly move for the maze of
 

02:47:09,680 --> 02:47:12,550
they could hardly move for the maze of
british block houses and barbed wire

02:47:12,550 --> 02:47:12,560
british block houses and barbed wire
 

02:47:12,560 --> 02:47:14,630
british block houses and barbed wire
they could scarcely find food in a land

02:47:14,630 --> 02:47:14,640
they could scarcely find food in a land
 

02:47:14,640 --> 02:47:18,950
they could scarcely find food in a land
devastated by the british

02:47:18,950 --> 02:47:18,960
 
 

02:47:18,960 --> 02:47:22,920
 
the birds were outgunned and outnumbered

02:47:22,920 --> 02:47:22,930
the birds were outgunned and outnumbered
 

02:47:22,930 --> 02:47:34,070
the birds were outgunned and outnumbered
[Music]

02:47:34,070 --> 02:47:34,080
 
 

02:47:34,080 --> 02:47:36,230
 
my mother saw these overwhelming hordes

02:47:36,230 --> 02:47:36,240
my mother saw these overwhelming hordes
 

02:47:36,240 --> 02:47:39,190
my mother saw these overwhelming hordes
of english soldiers

02:47:39,190 --> 02:47:39,200
of english soldiers
 

02:47:39,200 --> 02:47:40,950
of english soldiers
she often told us that when they marched

02:47:40,950 --> 02:47:40,960
she often told us that when they marched
 

02:47:40,960 --> 02:47:43,030
she often told us that when they marched
towards the burs it looked as if the

02:47:43,030 --> 02:47:43,040
towards the burs it looked as if the
 

02:47:43,040 --> 02:47:45,349
towards the burs it looked as if the
earth was trembling

02:47:45,349 --> 02:47:45,359
earth was trembling
 

02:47:45,359 --> 02:47:48,870
earth was trembling
in a sword

02:47:48,870 --> 02:47:48,880
 
 

02:47:48,880 --> 02:47:50,710
 
and when an english soldier fell dead in

02:47:50,710 --> 02:47:50,720
and when an english soldier fell dead in
 

02:47:50,720 --> 02:47:51,670
and when an english soldier fell dead in
battle

02:47:51,670 --> 02:47:51,680
battle
 

02:47:51,680 --> 02:47:53,349
battle
the others simply climbed over him and

02:47:53,349 --> 02:47:53,359
the others simply climbed over him and
 

02:47:53,359 --> 02:47:59,190
the others simply climbed over him and
kept on coming and coming

02:47:59,190 --> 02:47:59,200
 
 

02:47:59,200 --> 02:48:00,790
 
it was really a hopeless task for the

02:48:00,790 --> 02:48:00,800
it was really a hopeless task for the
 

02:48:00,800 --> 02:48:10,070
it was really a hopeless task for the
burs

02:48:10,070 --> 02:48:10,080
 
 

02:48:10,080 --> 02:48:13,429
 
[Music]

02:48:13,429 --> 02:48:13,439
 
 

02:48:13,439 --> 02:48:16,389
 
the 11th of april 1902

02:48:16,389 --> 02:48:16,399
the 11th of april 1902
 

02:48:16,399 --> 02:48:18,950
the 11th of april 1902
bour commandant potketa lay dead on the

02:48:18,950 --> 02:48:18,960
bour commandant potketa lay dead on the
 

02:48:18,960 --> 02:48:21,190
bour commandant potketa lay dead on the
felt after the last formal battle of the

02:48:21,190 --> 02:48:21,200
felt after the last formal battle of the
 

02:48:21,200 --> 02:48:23,590
felt after the last formal battle of the
boer war

02:48:23,590 --> 02:48:23,600
boer war
 

02:48:23,600 --> 02:48:26,070
boer war
hostilities seemed to fizzle out and the

02:48:26,070 --> 02:48:26,080
hostilities seemed to fizzle out and the
 

02:48:26,080 --> 02:48:29,990
hostilities seemed to fizzle out and the
boers agreed to peace talks

02:48:29,990 --> 02:48:30,000
boers agreed to peace talks
 

02:48:30,000 --> 02:48:32,710
boers agreed to peace talks
board delegates met on the 15th of may

02:48:32,710 --> 02:48:32,720
board delegates met on the 15th of may
 

02:48:32,720 --> 02:48:34,660
board delegates met on the 15th of may
south of pretoria at verinegan

02:48:34,660 --> 02:48:34,670
south of pretoria at verinegan
 

02:48:34,670 --> 02:48:40,309
south of pretoria at verinegan
[Music]

02:48:40,309 --> 02:48:40,319
 
 

02:48:40,319 --> 02:48:42,469
 
the more they talked the clearer the

02:48:42,469 --> 02:48:42,479
the more they talked the clearer the
 

02:48:42,479 --> 02:48:44,220
the more they talked the clearer the
calamity became

02:48:44,220 --> 02:48:44,230
calamity became
 

02:48:44,230 --> 02:48:46,550
calamity became
[Music]

02:48:46,550 --> 02:48:46,560
[Music]
 

02:48:46,560 --> 02:48:48,790
[Music]
men spoke of a dire lack of food and

02:48:48,790 --> 02:48:48,800
men spoke of a dire lack of food and
 

02:48:48,800 --> 02:48:49,910
men spoke of a dire lack of food and
horses

02:48:49,910 --> 02:48:49,920
horses
 

02:48:49,920 --> 02:48:51,990
horses
of the treachery of joiners

02:48:51,990 --> 02:48:52,000
of the treachery of joiners
 

02:48:52,000 --> 02:48:56,950
of the treachery of joiners
but of their family's plight on the felt

02:48:56,950 --> 02:48:56,960
 
 

02:48:56,960 --> 02:48:58,870
 
they'd always believed god would never

02:48:58,870 --> 02:48:58,880
they'd always believed god would never
 

02:48:58,880 --> 02:49:07,190
they'd always believed god would never
let them be defeated

02:49:07,190 --> 02:49:07,200
 
 

02:49:07,200 --> 02:49:08,870
 
the will of god was very important to

02:49:08,870 --> 02:49:08,880
the will of god was very important to
 

02:49:08,880 --> 02:49:10,389
the will of god was very important to
the burgers

02:49:10,389 --> 02:49:10,399
the burgers
 

02:49:10,399 --> 02:49:12,309
the burgers
and when the talks were held at

02:49:12,309 --> 02:49:12,319
and when the talks were held at
 

02:49:12,319 --> 02:49:14,469
and when the talks were held at
him some people said

02:49:14,469 --> 02:49:14,479
him some people said
 

02:49:14,479 --> 02:49:16,870
him some people said
what if god is not on our side

02:49:16,870 --> 02:49:16,880
what if god is not on our side
 

02:49:16,880 --> 02:49:18,790
what if god is not on our side
or what if god wants us to lay down our

02:49:18,790 --> 02:49:18,800
or what if god wants us to lay down our
 

02:49:18,800 --> 02:49:21,110
or what if god wants us to lay down our
weapons and submit to the inevitable to

02:49:21,110 --> 02:49:21,120
weapons and submit to the inevitable to
 

02:49:21,120 --> 02:49:22,389
weapons and submit to the inevitable to
the fact that we have lost our

02:49:22,389 --> 02:49:22,399
the fact that we have lost our
 

02:49:22,399 --> 02:49:30,469
the fact that we have lost our
independence

02:49:30,469 --> 02:49:30,479
 
 

02:49:30,479 --> 02:49:32,950
 
peace negotiations with the british took

02:49:32,950 --> 02:49:32,960
peace negotiations with the british took
 

02:49:32,960 --> 02:49:36,870
peace negotiations with the british took
place in this pavilion

02:49:36,870 --> 02:49:36,880
 
 

02:49:36,880 --> 02:49:38,710
 
the boers were offered guarantees of

02:49:38,710 --> 02:49:38,720
the boers were offered guarantees of
 

02:49:38,720 --> 02:49:42,469
the boers were offered guarantees of
personal freedom and property rights

02:49:42,469 --> 02:49:42,479
personal freedom and property rights
 

02:49:42,479 --> 02:49:44,070
personal freedom and property rights
the right to use their language in

02:49:44,070 --> 02:49:44,080
the right to use their language in
 

02:49:44,080 --> 02:49:46,469
the right to use their language in
school and courtroom

02:49:46,469 --> 02:49:46,479
school and courtroom
 

02:49:46,479 --> 02:49:48,550
school and courtroom
a three million pound compensation fund

02:49:48,550 --> 02:49:48,560
a three million pound compensation fund
 

02:49:48,560 --> 02:49:50,309
a three million pound compensation fund
for farmers

02:49:50,309 --> 02:49:50,319
for farmers
 

02:49:50,319 --> 02:49:52,070
for farmers
on the promise of future political

02:49:52,070 --> 02:49:52,080
on the promise of future political
 

02:49:52,080 --> 02:49:54,710
on the promise of future political
autonomy

02:49:54,710 --> 02:49:54,720
autonomy
 

02:49:54,720 --> 02:49:56,309
autonomy
but would there be any extension of

02:49:56,309 --> 02:49:56,319
but would there be any extension of
 

02:49:56,319 --> 02:49:57,910
but would there be any extension of
rights to the blacks

02:49:57,910 --> 02:49:57,920
rights to the blacks
 

02:49:57,920 --> 02:50:00,309
rights to the blacks
as suggested a year before by colonial

02:50:00,309 --> 02:50:00,319
as suggested a year before by colonial
 

02:50:00,319 --> 02:50:03,190
as suggested a year before by colonial
secretary joseph chamberlain

02:50:03,190 --> 02:50:03,200
secretary joseph chamberlain
 

02:50:03,200 --> 02:50:05,750
secretary joseph chamberlain
we cannot consent to purchase a shameful

02:50:05,750 --> 02:50:05,760
we cannot consent to purchase a shameful
 

02:50:05,760 --> 02:50:06,790
we cannot consent to purchase a shameful
peace

02:50:06,790 --> 02:50:06,800
peace
 

02:50:06,800 --> 02:50:08,710
peace
by leaving the colored population in the

02:50:08,710 --> 02:50:08,720
by leaving the colored population in the
 

02:50:08,720 --> 02:50:10,630
by leaving the colored population in the
position in which they stood before the

02:50:10,630 --> 02:50:10,640
position in which they stood before the
 

02:50:10,640 --> 02:50:13,830
position in which they stood before the
war

02:50:13,830 --> 02:50:13,840
 
 

02:50:13,840 --> 02:50:16,389
 
but now the priority was to reconcile

02:50:16,389 --> 02:50:16,399
but now the priority was to reconcile
 

02:50:16,399 --> 02:50:19,670
but now the priority was to reconcile
british and poor interests

02:50:19,670 --> 02:50:19,680
british and poor interests
 

02:50:19,680 --> 02:50:22,150
british and poor interests
earlier advice of lord milner pointed

02:50:22,150 --> 02:50:22,160
earlier advice of lord milner pointed
 

02:50:22,160 --> 02:50:23,910
earlier advice of lord milner pointed
the way forward

02:50:23,910 --> 02:50:23,920
the way forward
 

02:50:23,920 --> 02:50:25,910
the way forward
you only have to sacrifice the [ __ ]

02:50:25,910 --> 02:50:25,920
you only have to sacrifice the [ __ ]
 

02:50:25,920 --> 02:50:27,190
you only have to sacrifice the [ __ ]
absolutely

02:50:27,190 --> 02:50:27,200
absolutely
 

02:50:27,200 --> 02:50:29,990
absolutely
and the game is easy

02:50:29,990 --> 02:50:30,000
and the game is easy
 

02:50:30,000 --> 02:50:32,070
and the game is easy
britain ensured white dominance and

02:50:32,070 --> 02:50:32,080
britain ensured white dominance and
 

02:50:32,080 --> 02:50:33,830
britain ensured white dominance and
black subjugation

02:50:33,830 --> 02:50:33,840
black subjugation
 

02:50:33,840 --> 02:50:36,150
black subjugation
by leaving it to the boers to decide

02:50:36,150 --> 02:50:36,160
by leaving it to the boers to decide
 

02:50:36,160 --> 02:50:37,590
by leaving it to the boers to decide
whether to give voting rights to the

02:50:37,590 --> 02:50:37,600
whether to give voting rights to the
 

02:50:37,600 --> 02:50:39,269
whether to give voting rights to the
blacks

02:50:39,269 --> 02:50:39,279
blacks
 

02:50:39,279 --> 02:50:41,190
blacks
thus condemning them to nearly a century

02:50:41,190 --> 02:50:41,200
thus condemning them to nearly a century
 

02:50:41,200 --> 02:50:44,630
thus condemning them to nearly a century
of exclusion and oppression

02:50:44,630 --> 02:50:44,640
of exclusion and oppression
 

02:50:44,640 --> 02:50:46,389
of exclusion and oppression
when the peace treaty was being

02:50:46,389 --> 02:50:46,399
when the peace treaty was being
 

02:50:46,399 --> 02:50:49,750
when the peace treaty was being
negotiated at franklin

02:50:49,750 --> 02:50:49,760
negotiated at franklin
 

02:50:49,760 --> 02:50:52,070
negotiated at franklin
people were not there

02:50:52,070 --> 02:50:52,080
people were not there
 

02:50:52,080 --> 02:50:55,670
people were not there
the black people were not there

02:50:55,670 --> 02:50:55,680
the black people were not there
 

02:50:55,680 --> 02:50:58,469
the black people were not there
not only were the blacks not there

02:50:58,469 --> 02:50:58,479
not only were the blacks not there
 

02:50:58,479 --> 02:51:01,750
not only were the blacks not there
but even the interests of blacks

02:51:01,750 --> 02:51:01,760
but even the interests of blacks
 

02:51:01,760 --> 02:51:05,910
but even the interests of blacks
were not taken in and we were easy to be

02:51:05,910 --> 02:51:05,920
were not taken in and we were easy to be
 

02:51:05,920 --> 02:51:09,030
were not taken in and we were easy to be
got rid of

02:51:09,030 --> 02:51:09,040
 
 

02:51:09,040 --> 02:51:11,190
 
some black peoples like the bachatler in

02:51:11,190 --> 02:51:11,200
some black peoples like the bachatler in
 

02:51:11,200 --> 02:51:13,670
some black peoples like the bachatler in
the western transvaal had seen the war

02:51:13,670 --> 02:51:13,680
the western transvaal had seen the war
 

02:51:13,680 --> 02:51:16,070
the western transvaal had seen the war
as a chance to regain land the boers

02:51:16,070 --> 02:51:16,080
as a chance to regain land the boers
 

02:51:16,080 --> 02:51:18,469
as a chance to regain land the boers
took from them long before

02:51:18,469 --> 02:51:18,479
took from them long before
 

02:51:18,479 --> 02:51:22,070
took from them long before
to settle old schools

02:51:22,070 --> 02:51:22,080
 
 

02:51:22,080 --> 02:51:23,910
 
the hutler had fought valiantly on the

02:51:23,910 --> 02:51:23,920
the hutler had fought valiantly on the
 

02:51:23,920 --> 02:51:25,510
the hutler had fought valiantly on the
british side

02:51:25,510 --> 02:51:25,520
british side
 

02:51:25,520 --> 02:51:27,750
british side
they believed that come victory their

02:51:27,750 --> 02:51:27,760
they believed that come victory their
 

02:51:27,760 --> 02:51:32,469
they believed that come victory their
loyalty would be rewarded

02:51:32,469 --> 02:51:32,479
 
 

02:51:32,479 --> 02:51:34,389
 
we hope the talks would lead to us

02:51:34,389 --> 02:51:34,399
we hope the talks would lead to us
 

02:51:34,399 --> 02:51:36,309
we hope the talks would lead to us
getting our land back

02:51:36,309 --> 02:51:36,319
getting our land back
 

02:51:36,319 --> 02:51:38,550
getting our land back
but we were not allowed to take part in

02:51:38,550 --> 02:51:38,560
but we were not allowed to take part in
 

02:51:38,560 --> 02:51:40,389
but we were not allowed to take part in
the discussions

02:51:40,389 --> 02:51:40,399
the discussions
 

02:51:40,399 --> 02:51:42,389
the discussions
they didn't keep us in the picture

02:51:42,389 --> 02:51:42,399
they didn't keep us in the picture
 

02:51:42,399 --> 02:51:46,070
they didn't keep us in the picture
we were just ignored

02:51:46,070 --> 02:51:46,080
we were just ignored
 

02:51:46,080 --> 02:51:48,469
we were just ignored
we had fought in the war to recover our

02:51:48,469 --> 02:51:48,479
we had fought in the war to recover our
 

02:51:48,479 --> 02:51:49,670
we had fought in the war to recover our
land

02:51:49,670 --> 02:51:49,680
land
 

02:51:49,680 --> 02:51:51,990
land
if we didn't get that what was the point

02:51:51,990 --> 02:51:52,000
if we didn't get that what was the point
 

02:51:52,000 --> 02:51:53,510
if we didn't get that what was the point
of us fighting

02:51:53,510 --> 02:51:53,520
of us fighting
 

02:51:53,520 --> 02:51:55,670
of us fighting
but then the whites buried the hatchet

02:51:55,670 --> 02:51:55,680
but then the whites buried the hatchet
 

02:51:55,680 --> 02:51:57,750
but then the whites buried the hatchet
and closed ranks against us

02:51:57,750 --> 02:51:57,760
and closed ranks against us
 

02:51:57,760 --> 02:52:00,469
and closed ranks against us
they became like brothers dividing our

02:52:00,469 --> 02:52:00,479
they became like brothers dividing our
 

02:52:00,479 --> 02:52:02,950
they became like brothers dividing our
land between themselves

02:52:02,950 --> 02:52:02,960
land between themselves
 

02:52:02,960 --> 02:52:16,150
land between themselves
and we were left with nothing

02:52:16,150 --> 02:52:16,160
 
 

02:52:16,160 --> 02:52:19,030
 
on the 31st of may 1902

02:52:19,030 --> 02:52:19,040
on the 31st of may 1902
 

02:52:19,040 --> 02:52:20,870
on the 31st of may 1902
the boers signed the surrender terms

02:52:20,870 --> 02:52:20,880
the boers signed the surrender terms
 

02:52:20,880 --> 02:52:22,710
the boers signed the surrender terms
ensuring their eventual supremacy in

02:52:22,710 --> 02:52:22,720
ensuring their eventual supremacy in
 

02:52:22,720 --> 02:52:24,630
ensuring their eventual supremacy in
south africa

02:52:24,630 --> 02:52:24,640
south africa
 

02:52:24,640 --> 02:52:26,630
south africa
but at the time they felt their world

02:52:26,630 --> 02:52:26,640
but at the time they felt their world
 

02:52:26,640 --> 02:52:28,630
but at the time they felt their world
had caved in

02:52:28,630 --> 02:52:28,640
had caved in
 

02:52:28,640 --> 02:52:30,950
had caved in
my power was in the street

02:52:30,950 --> 02:52:30,960
my power was in the street
 

02:52:30,960 --> 02:52:33,429
my power was in the street
my father was in torment they say that

02:52:33,429 --> 02:52:33,439
my father was in torment they say that
 

02:52:33,439 --> 02:52:35,269
my father was in torment they say that
that morning he got onto his horse and

02:52:35,269 --> 02:52:35,279
that morning he got onto his horse and
 

02:52:35,279 --> 02:52:37,269
that morning he got onto his horse and
rode around like a man possessed

02:52:37,269 --> 02:52:37,279
rode around like a man possessed
 

02:52:37,279 --> 02:52:38,710
rode around like a man possessed
a bus

02:52:38,710 --> 02:52:38,720
a bus
 

02:52:38,720 --> 02:52:40,630
a bus
the thought of peace terrified him and

02:52:40,630 --> 02:52:40,640
the thought of peace terrified him and
 

02:52:40,640 --> 02:52:51,590
the thought of peace terrified him and
he did

02:52:51,590 --> 02:52:51,600
 
 

02:52:51,600 --> 02:52:54,150
 
because the people did not want peace

02:52:54,150 --> 02:52:54,160
because the people did not want peace
 

02:52:54,160 --> 02:52:55,750
because the people did not want peace
they said the only thing that should

02:52:55,750 --> 02:52:55,760
they said the only thing that should
 

02:52:55,760 --> 02:52:58,469
they said the only thing that should
come between a man and his freedom

02:52:58,469 --> 02:52:58,479
come between a man and his freedom
 

02:52:58,479 --> 02:53:02,630
come between a man and his freedom
is death

02:53:02,630 --> 02:53:02,640
 
 

02:53:02,640 --> 02:53:04,389
 
marnie maritz's men were actually

02:53:04,389 --> 02:53:04,399
marnie maritz's men were actually
 

02:53:04,399 --> 02:53:06,710
marnie maritz's men were actually
photographed surrendering

02:53:06,710 --> 02:53:06,720
photographed surrendering
 

02:53:06,720 --> 02:53:09,349
photographed surrendering
but moritz was far away

02:53:09,349 --> 02:53:09,359
but moritz was far away
 

02:53:09,359 --> 02:53:11,269
but moritz was far away
he and others had chosen exile rather

02:53:11,269 --> 02:53:11,279
he and others had chosen exile rather
 

02:53:11,279 --> 02:53:15,030
he and others had chosen exile rather
than life under british rule

02:53:15,030 --> 02:53:15,040
 
 

02:53:15,040 --> 02:53:16,710
 
the boers now had to go through the

02:53:16,710 --> 02:53:16,720
the boers now had to go through the
 

02:53:16,720 --> 02:53:19,190
the boers now had to go through the
humiliating formalities

02:53:19,190 --> 02:53:19,200
humiliating formalities
 

02:53:19,200 --> 02:53:20,630
humiliating formalities
signing the oath of allegiance to the

02:53:20,630 --> 02:53:20,640
signing the oath of allegiance to the
 

02:53:20,640 --> 02:53:21,750
signing the oath of allegiance to the
crown

02:53:21,750 --> 02:53:21,760
crown
 

02:53:21,760 --> 02:53:34,870
crown
giving up their weapons

02:53:34,870 --> 02:53:34,880
 
 

02:53:34,880 --> 02:53:36,309
 
it was very difficult for him to bid

02:53:36,309 --> 02:53:36,319
it was very difficult for him to bid
 

02:53:36,319 --> 02:53:38,309
it was very difficult for him to bid
farewell to his gun because it had been

02:53:38,309 --> 02:53:38,319
farewell to his gun because it had been
 

02:53:38,319 --> 02:53:40,790
farewell to his gun because it had been
his friend for three long years

02:53:40,790 --> 02:53:40,800
his friend for three long years
 

02:53:40,800 --> 02:53:46,070
his friend for three long years
three difficult bitterly difficult years

02:53:46,070 --> 02:53:46,080
 
 

02:53:46,080 --> 02:53:48,710
 
there was one gun daddy did not give up

02:53:48,710 --> 02:53:48,720
there was one gun daddy did not give up
 

02:53:48,720 --> 02:53:50,630
there was one gun daddy did not give up
his mouser rifle

02:53:50,630 --> 02:53:50,640
his mouser rifle
 

02:53:50,640 --> 02:54:00,090
his mouser rifle
that one

02:54:00,090 --> 02:54:00,100
 
 

02:54:00,100 --> 02:54:03,269
 
[Music]

02:54:03,269 --> 02:54:03,279
 
 

02:54:03,279 --> 02:54:05,030
 
my father was heartbroken that the boys

02:54:05,030 --> 02:54:05,040
my father was heartbroken that the boys
 

02:54:05,040 --> 02:54:08,070
my father was heartbroken that the boys
had lost

02:54:08,070 --> 02:54:08,080
 
 

02:54:08,080 --> 02:54:09,510
 
they lost their country

02:54:09,510 --> 02:54:09,520
they lost their country
 

02:54:09,520 --> 02:54:11,510
they lost their country
they lost everything

02:54:11,510 --> 02:54:11,520
they lost everything
 

02:54:11,520 --> 02:54:13,990
they lost everything
many lost their wives and children

02:54:13,990 --> 02:54:14,000
many lost their wives and children
 

02:54:14,000 --> 02:54:17,750
many lost their wives and children
so they were bitter and very unhappy

02:54:17,750 --> 02:54:17,760
 
 

02:54:17,760 --> 02:54:19,190
 
but under the circumstances they could

02:54:19,190 --> 02:54:19,200
but under the circumstances they could
 

02:54:19,200 --> 02:54:24,710
but under the circumstances they could
not carry on anymore

02:54:24,710 --> 02:54:24,720
 
 

02:54:24,720 --> 02:54:27,110
 
and other leaders went around the white

02:54:27,110 --> 02:54:27,120
and other leaders went around the white
 

02:54:27,120 --> 02:54:29,429
and other leaders went around the white
camps explaining the peace deal to the

02:54:29,429 --> 02:54:29,439
camps explaining the peace deal to the
 

02:54:29,439 --> 02:54:32,710
camps explaining the peace deal to the
inmates

02:54:32,710 --> 02:54:32,720
 
 

02:54:32,720 --> 02:54:34,070
 
some women had wanted the war to

02:54:34,070 --> 02:54:34,080
some women had wanted the war to
 

02:54:34,080 --> 02:54:35,190
some women had wanted the war to
continue

02:54:35,190 --> 02:54:35,200
continue
 

02:54:35,200 --> 02:54:36,309
continue
saying

02:54:36,309 --> 02:54:36,319
saying
 

02:54:36,319 --> 02:54:38,710
saying
i can get a new husband but i can't get

02:54:38,710 --> 02:54:38,720
i can get a new husband but i can't get
 

02:54:38,720 --> 02:54:40,950
i can get a new husband but i can't get
a new transvaal

02:54:40,950 --> 02:54:40,960
a new transvaal
 

02:54:40,960 --> 02:54:42,550
a new transvaal
but others asked

02:54:42,550 --> 02:54:42,560
but others asked
 

02:54:42,560 --> 02:54:44,230
but others asked
what is the independence of my country

02:54:44,230 --> 02:54:44,240
what is the independence of my country
 

02:54:44,240 --> 02:54:45,190
what is the independence of my country
to me

02:54:45,190 --> 02:54:45,200
to me
 

02:54:45,200 --> 02:54:49,510
to me
when my man is dead

02:54:49,510 --> 02:54:49,520
 
 

02:54:49,520 --> 02:54:50,550
 
and then

02:54:50,550 --> 02:54:50,560
and then
 

02:54:50,560 --> 02:54:52,870
and then
the leaving of the camps as christina

02:54:52,870 --> 02:54:52,880
the leaving of the camps as christina
 

02:54:52,880 --> 02:55:08,150
the leaving of the camps as christina
ninaba remembers

02:55:08,150 --> 02:55:08,160
 
 

02:55:08,160 --> 02:55:09,670
 
get your things together we'll drop you

02:55:09,670 --> 02:55:09,680
get your things together we'll drop you
 

02:55:09,680 --> 02:55:14,150
get your things together we'll drop you
in johannesburg

02:55:14,150 --> 02:55:14,160
 
 

02:55:14,160 --> 02:55:16,950
 
everyone got on the wagons

02:55:16,950 --> 02:55:16,960
everyone got on the wagons
 

02:55:16,960 --> 02:55:18,710
everyone got on the wagons
some women were weeping some laughing

02:55:18,710 --> 02:55:18,720
some women were weeping some laughing
 

02:55:18,720 --> 02:55:20,950
some women were weeping some laughing
and some singing

02:55:20,950 --> 02:55:20,960
and some singing
 

02:55:20,960 --> 02:55:22,309
and some singing
singing for the dead children they were

02:55:22,309 --> 02:55:22,319
singing for the dead children they were
 

02:55:22,319 --> 02:55:28,469
singing for the dead children they were
leaving behind

02:55:28,469 --> 02:55:28,479
 
 

02:55:28,479 --> 02:55:30,309
 
the british had incarcerated boer

02:55:30,309 --> 02:55:30,319
the british had incarcerated boer
 

02:55:30,319 --> 02:55:32,550
the british had incarcerated boer
prisoners of war on the island of saint

02:55:32,550 --> 02:55:32,560
prisoners of war on the island of saint
 

02:55:32,560 --> 02:55:37,830
prisoners of war on the island of saint
helena and in salon and bermuda

02:55:37,830 --> 02:55:37,840
 
 

02:55:37,840 --> 02:55:39,990
 
now these men came home

02:55:39,990 --> 02:55:40,000
now these men came home
 

02:55:40,000 --> 02:55:47,030
now these men came home
and went in search of their families

02:55:47,030 --> 02:55:47,040
 
 

02:55:47,040 --> 02:55:48,870
 
some men arrived at the camps only to

02:55:48,870 --> 02:55:48,880
some men arrived at the camps only to
 

02:55:48,880 --> 02:55:52,550
some men arrived at the camps only to
find no one in their family alive

02:55:52,550 --> 02:55:52,560
find no one in their family alive
 

02:55:52,560 --> 02:56:01,910
find no one in their family alive
no child no wife nobody

02:56:01,910 --> 02:56:01,920
 
 

02:56:01,920 --> 02:56:03,429
 
the man would stand there with his hat

02:56:03,429 --> 02:56:03,439
the man would stand there with his hat
 

02:56:03,439 --> 02:56:05,590
the man would stand there with his hat
on his head and his horse at his arm and

02:56:05,590 --> 02:56:05,600
on his head and his horse at his arm and
 

02:56:05,600 --> 02:56:07,590
on his head and his horse at his arm and
he'd ask where are they

02:56:07,590 --> 02:56:07,600
he'd ask where are they
 

02:56:07,600 --> 02:56:10,870
he'd ask where are they
and the reply would come

02:56:10,870 --> 02:56:10,880
 
 

02:56:10,880 --> 02:56:14,710
 
they're over there in the cemetery

02:56:14,710 --> 02:56:14,720
 
 

02:56:14,720 --> 02:56:16,790
 
recognizing your own father could be a

02:56:16,790 --> 02:56:16,800
recognizing your own father could be a
 

02:56:16,800 --> 02:56:22,070
recognizing your own father could be a
problem

02:56:22,070 --> 02:56:22,080
 
 

02:56:22,080 --> 02:56:23,590
 
my father came home

02:56:23,590 --> 02:56:23,600
my father came home
 

02:56:23,600 --> 02:56:25,590
my father came home
i was small and silly

02:56:25,590 --> 02:56:25,600
i was small and silly
 

02:56:25,600 --> 02:56:27,030
i was small and silly
we're slenders

02:56:27,030 --> 02:56:27,040
we're slenders
 

02:56:27,040 --> 02:56:28,870
we're slenders
my father sat there

02:56:28,870 --> 02:56:28,880
my father sat there
 

02:56:28,880 --> 02:56:31,110
my father sat there
and my mother said say hello to your

02:56:31,110 --> 02:56:31,120
and my mother said say hello to your
 

02:56:31,120 --> 02:56:33,110
and my mother said say hello to your
father

02:56:33,110 --> 02:56:33,120
father
 

02:56:33,120 --> 02:56:35,349
father
i said that's not my father

02:56:35,349 --> 02:56:35,359
i said that's not my father
 

02:56:35,359 --> 02:56:37,190
i said that's not my father
my father doesn't have hair around his

02:56:37,190 --> 02:56:37,200
my father doesn't have hair around his
 

02:56:37,200 --> 02:56:37,990
my father doesn't have hair around his
face

02:56:37,990 --> 02:56:38,000
face
 

02:56:38,000 --> 02:56:44,710
face
that's a baboon

02:56:44,710 --> 02:56:44,720
 
 

02:56:44,720 --> 02:56:46,790
 
the group of women on the station

02:56:46,790 --> 02:56:46,800
the group of women on the station
 

02:56:46,800 --> 02:56:48,950
the group of women on the station
embraced their husbands and cried and it

02:56:48,950 --> 02:56:48,960
embraced their husbands and cried and it
 

02:56:48,960 --> 02:56:51,349
embraced their husbands and cried and it
was a terrible scene

02:56:51,349 --> 02:56:51,359
was a terrible scene
 

02:56:51,359 --> 02:56:53,110
was a terrible scene
but my grandmother was a tiger of a

02:56:53,110 --> 02:56:53,120
but my grandmother was a tiger of a
 

02:56:53,120 --> 02:56:55,990
but my grandmother was a tiger of a
woman and she said to my grandfather

02:56:55,990 --> 02:56:56,000
woman and she said to my grandfather
 

02:56:56,000 --> 02:56:58,630
woman and she said to my grandfather
gideon don't just stand there blubbing

02:56:58,630 --> 02:56:58,640
gideon don't just stand there blubbing
 

02:56:58,640 --> 02:57:09,030
gideon don't just stand there blubbing
there's work to be done on the farm

02:57:09,030 --> 02:57:09,040
 
 

02:57:09,040 --> 02:57:40,150
 
[Music]

02:57:40,150 --> 02:57:40,160
 
 

02:57:40,160 --> 02:57:43,710
 
horses

02:57:43,710 --> 02:57:43,720
 
 

02:57:43,720 --> 02:57:59,190
 
[Music]

02:57:59,190 --> 02:57:59,200
 
 

02:57:59,200 --> 02:58:00,950
 
the joiners profited little from

02:58:00,950 --> 02:58:00,960
the joiners profited little from
 

02:58:00,960 --> 02:58:03,110
the joiners profited little from
collaboration

02:58:03,110 --> 02:58:03,120
collaboration
 

02:58:03,120 --> 02:58:05,830
collaboration
many returned to ruined farms

02:58:05,830 --> 02:58:05,840
many returned to ruined farms
 

02:58:05,840 --> 02:58:07,910
many returned to ruined farms
and the undying hatred of their boar

02:58:07,910 --> 02:58:07,920
and the undying hatred of their boar
 

02:58:07,920 --> 02:58:13,670
and the undying hatred of their boar
neighbors

02:58:13,670 --> 02:58:13,680
 
 

02:58:13,680 --> 02:58:15,429
 
everything they owned was destroyed

02:58:15,429 --> 02:58:15,439
everything they owned was destroyed
 

02:58:15,439 --> 02:58:18,870
everything they owned was destroyed
alice is

02:58:18,870 --> 02:58:18,880
 
 

02:58:18,880 --> 02:58:20,950
 
if you set fire to my fields the wind

02:58:20,950 --> 02:58:20,960
if you set fire to my fields the wind
 

02:58:20,960 --> 02:58:24,469
if you set fire to my fields the wind
will blow the flames across to theirs

02:58:24,469 --> 02:58:24,479
will blow the flames across to theirs
 

02:58:24,479 --> 02:58:26,389
will blow the flames across to theirs
they thought they'd get cakes and ale

02:58:26,389 --> 02:58:26,399
they thought they'd get cakes and ale
 

02:58:26,399 --> 02:58:30,280
they thought they'd get cakes and ale
but they only got swords

02:58:30,280 --> 02:58:30,290
 
 

02:58:30,290 --> 02:58:39,349
 
[Music]

02:58:39,349 --> 02:58:39,359
 
 

02:58:39,359 --> 02:58:41,190
 
the british tommy had secured south

02:58:41,190 --> 02:58:41,200
the british tommy had secured south
 

02:58:41,200 --> 02:58:42,870
the british tommy had secured south
africa and her mineral wealth for the

02:58:42,870 --> 02:58:42,880
africa and her mineral wealth for the
 

02:58:42,880 --> 02:58:44,389
africa and her mineral wealth for the
empire

02:58:44,389 --> 02:58:44,399
empire
 

02:58:44,399 --> 02:58:46,550
empire
now he too was going home

02:58:46,550 --> 02:58:46,560
now he too was going home
 

02:58:46,560 --> 02:58:53,429
now he too was going home
[Music]

02:58:53,429 --> 02:58:53,439
 
 

02:58:53,439 --> 02:58:56,309
 
a dmob parade in preston

02:58:56,309 --> 02:58:56,319
a dmob parade in preston
 

02:58:56,319 --> 02:58:59,300
a dmob parade in preston
a scene repeated across britain

02:58:59,300 --> 02:58:59,310
a scene repeated across britain
 

02:58:59,310 --> 02:59:04,230
a scene repeated across britain
[Music]

02:59:04,230 --> 02:59:04,240
[Music]
 

02:59:04,240 --> 02:59:08,309
[Music]
mary liversead remembers that day

02:59:08,309 --> 02:59:08,319
 
 

02:59:08,319 --> 02:59:11,190
 
when the soldiers came home we went to

02:59:11,190 --> 02:59:11,200
when the soldiers came home we went to
 

02:59:11,200 --> 02:59:14,469
when the soldiers came home we went to
see them return they were in this dull

02:59:14,469 --> 02:59:14,479
see them return they were in this dull
 

02:59:14,479 --> 02:59:15,750
see them return they were in this dull
car

02:59:15,750 --> 02:59:15,760
car
 

02:59:15,760 --> 02:59:17,349
car
and they

02:59:17,349 --> 02:59:17,359
and they
 

02:59:17,359 --> 02:59:20,070
and they
marched round the town hall

02:59:20,070 --> 02:59:20,080
marched round the town hall
 

02:59:20,080 --> 02:59:23,830
marched round the town hall
and then they stood and the bonfire was

02:59:23,830 --> 02:59:23,840
and then they stood and the bonfire was
 

02:59:23,840 --> 02:59:27,510
and then they stood and the bonfire was
lit and they watched the bonfire and

02:59:27,510 --> 02:59:27,520
lit and they watched the bonfire and
 

02:59:27,520 --> 02:59:31,110
lit and they watched the bonfire and
looking back i can picture them now

02:59:31,110 --> 02:59:31,120
looking back i can picture them now
 

02:59:31,120 --> 02:59:33,510
looking back i can picture them now
and i think they looked

02:59:33,510 --> 02:59:33,520
and i think they looked
 

02:59:33,520 --> 02:59:37,429
and i think they looked
embarrassed more than happy with me

02:59:37,429 --> 02:59:37,439
embarrassed more than happy with me
 

02:59:37,439 --> 02:59:38,710
embarrassed more than happy with me
home

02:59:38,710 --> 02:59:38,720
home
 

02:59:38,720 --> 02:59:41,670
home
quite embarrassed standing with this

02:59:41,670 --> 02:59:41,680
quite embarrassed standing with this
 

02:59:41,680 --> 02:59:47,860
quite embarrassed standing with this
bonfire as their reward for coming back

02:59:47,860 --> 02:59:47,870
 
 

02:59:47,870 --> 02:59:48,790
 
[Music]

02:59:48,790 --> 02:59:48,800
[Music]
 

02:59:48,800 --> 02:59:50,950
[Music]
[Applause]

02:59:50,950 --> 02:59:50,960
[Applause]
 

02:59:50,960 --> 02:59:53,190
[Applause]
the war had different endings for each

02:59:53,190 --> 02:59:53,200
the war had different endings for each
 

02:59:53,200 --> 02:59:56,200
the war had different endings for each
of the participants

02:59:56,200 --> 02:59:56,210
of the participants
 

02:59:56,210 --> 02:59:58,469
of the participants
[Music]

02:59:58,469 --> 02:59:58,479
[Music]
 

02:59:58,479 --> 03:00:00,710
[Music]
britain and her colonies left over 22

03:00:00,710 --> 03:00:00,720
britain and her colonies left over 22
 

03:00:00,720 --> 03:00:03,110
britain and her colonies left over 22
000 behind in south africa

03:00:03,110 --> 03:00:03,120
000 behind in south africa
 

03:00:03,120 --> 03:00:06,790
000 behind in south africa
buried in cemeteries and on the felt

03:00:06,790 --> 03:00:06,800
buried in cemeteries and on the felt
 

03:00:06,800 --> 03:00:13,110
buried in cemeteries and on the felt
over a hundred thousand dead and wounded

03:00:13,110 --> 03:00:13,120
 
 

03:00:13,120 --> 03:00:15,269
 
as rudyard kipling wrote

03:00:15,269 --> 03:00:15,279
as rudyard kipling wrote
 

03:00:15,279 --> 03:00:17,510
as rudyard kipling wrote
we have had no end of a lesson

03:00:17,510 --> 03:00:17,520
we have had no end of a lesson
 

03:00:17,520 --> 03:00:19,550
we have had no end of a lesson
it will do us no end of good

03:00:19,550 --> 03:00:19,560
it will do us no end of good
 

03:00:19,560 --> 03:00:22,070
it will do us no end of good
[Music]

03:00:22,070 --> 03:00:22,080
[Music]
 

03:00:22,080 --> 03:00:24,230
[Music]
the boer war established a pattern of

03:00:24,230 --> 03:00:24,240
the boer war established a pattern of
 

03:00:24,240 --> 03:00:26,550
the boer war established a pattern of
empire solidarity which would include

03:00:26,550 --> 03:00:26,560
empire solidarity which would include
 

03:00:26,560 --> 03:00:27,750
empire solidarity which would include
south africa

03:00:27,750 --> 03:00:27,760
south africa
 

03:00:27,760 --> 03:00:30,830
south africa
repeated in conflicts down the century

03:00:30,830 --> 03:00:30,840
repeated in conflicts down the century
 

03:00:30,840 --> 03:00:35,590
repeated in conflicts down the century
[Music]

03:00:35,590 --> 03:00:35,600
[Music]
 

03:00:35,600 --> 03:00:37,510
[Music]
it gave more than a taste of wars to

03:00:37,510 --> 03:00:37,520
it gave more than a taste of wars to
 

03:00:37,520 --> 03:00:38,469
it gave more than a taste of wars to
come

03:00:38,469 --> 03:00:38,479
come
 

03:00:38,479 --> 03:00:40,790
come
against freedom fighting guerrillas and

03:00:40,790 --> 03:00:40,800
against freedom fighting guerrillas and
 

03:00:40,800 --> 03:00:42,870
against freedom fighting guerrillas and
against civilians

03:00:42,870 --> 03:00:42,880
against civilians
 

03:00:42,880 --> 03:00:47,349
against civilians
colonial strife and total war

03:00:47,349 --> 03:00:47,359
 
 

03:00:47,359 --> 03:00:49,830
 
battles like speon cop were curtain

03:00:49,830 --> 03:00:49,840
battles like speon cop were curtain
 

03:00:49,840 --> 03:00:52,230
battles like speon cop were curtain
raisers for the slaughter on the song

03:00:52,230 --> 03:00:52,240
raisers for the slaughter on the song
 

03:00:52,240 --> 03:01:00,710
raisers for the slaughter on the song
[Music]

03:01:00,710 --> 03:01:00,720
 
 

03:01:00,720 --> 03:01:03,269
 
in time the boer war receded from

03:01:03,269 --> 03:01:03,279
in time the boer war receded from
 

03:01:03,279 --> 03:01:04,790
in time the boer war receded from
britain's memory

03:01:04,790 --> 03:01:04,800
britain's memory
 

03:01:04,800 --> 03:01:07,670
britain's memory
eclipsed by two world wars

03:01:07,670 --> 03:01:07,680
eclipsed by two world wars
 

03:01:07,680 --> 03:01:09,990
eclipsed by two world wars
it had ushered in the modern age but no

03:01:09,990 --> 03:01:10,000
it had ushered in the modern age but no
 

03:01:10,000 --> 03:01:12,550
it had ushered in the modern age but no
longer seemed part of it

03:01:12,550 --> 03:01:12,560
longer seemed part of it
 

03:01:12,560 --> 03:01:15,030
longer seemed part of it
the imperial lighthouse memorial bears a

03:01:15,030 --> 03:01:15,040
the imperial lighthouse memorial bears a
 

03:01:15,040 --> 03:01:17,670
the imperial lighthouse memorial bears a
fitting epitaph

03:01:17,670 --> 03:01:17,680
fitting epitaph
 

03:01:17,680 --> 03:01:21,110
fitting epitaph
tell england he who passed this monument

03:01:21,110 --> 03:01:21,120
tell england he who passed this monument
 

03:01:21,120 --> 03:01:23,030
tell england he who passed this monument
we who died serving her

03:01:23,030 --> 03:01:23,040
we who died serving her
 

03:01:23,040 --> 03:01:28,870
we who died serving her
rest here content

03:01:28,870 --> 03:01:28,880
 
 

03:01:28,880 --> 03:01:31,670
 
but the blacks were not content

03:01:31,670 --> 03:01:31,680
but the blacks were not content
 

03:01:31,680 --> 03:01:33,349
but the blacks were not content
most had to give their guns back to the

03:01:33,349 --> 03:01:33,359
most had to give their guns back to the
 

03:01:33,359 --> 03:01:36,790
most had to give their guns back to the
british and land back to the boers

03:01:36,790 --> 03:01:36,800
british and land back to the boers
 

03:01:36,800 --> 03:01:41,510
british and land back to the boers
they faced poverty and famine

03:01:41,510 --> 03:01:41,520
 
 

03:01:41,520 --> 03:01:43,510
 
by the end of the war there were more

03:01:43,510 --> 03:01:43,520
by the end of the war there were more
 

03:01:43,520 --> 03:01:45,510
by the end of the war there were more
blacks fighting than boars

03:01:45,510 --> 03:01:45,520
blacks fighting than boars
 

03:01:45,520 --> 03:01:48,070
blacks fighting than boars
but they got almost no compensation and

03:01:48,070 --> 03:01:48,080
but they got almost no compensation and
 

03:01:48,080 --> 03:01:50,870
but they got almost no compensation and
even less recognition

03:01:50,870 --> 03:01:50,880
even less recognition
 

03:01:50,880 --> 03:01:52,630
even less recognition
they had defended mafiking with their

03:01:52,630 --> 03:01:52,640
they had defended mafiking with their
 

03:01:52,640 --> 03:01:53,750
they had defended mafiking with their
lives

03:01:53,750 --> 03:01:53,760
lives
 

03:01:53,760 --> 03:01:55,590
lives
but baden powell fibbed to the royal

03:01:55,590 --> 03:01:55,600
but baden powell fibbed to the royal
 

03:01:55,600 --> 03:01:57,030
but baden powell fibbed to the royal
commission on the war

03:01:57,030 --> 03:01:57,040
commission on the war
 

03:01:57,040 --> 03:01:58,710
commission on the war
saying they had run away at the first

03:01:58,710 --> 03:01:58,720
saying they had run away at the first
 

03:01:58,720 --> 03:02:04,309
saying they had run away at the first
shots

03:02:04,309 --> 03:02:04,319
 
 

03:02:04,319 --> 03:02:06,630
 
a memorial was put up to mafiking's

03:02:06,630 --> 03:02:06,640
a memorial was put up to mafiking's
 

03:02:06,640 --> 03:02:10,150
a memorial was put up to mafiking's
gallant white defenders

03:02:10,150 --> 03:02:10,160
 
 

03:02:10,160 --> 03:02:23,349
 
the blacks were a grudging afterthought

03:02:23,349 --> 03:02:23,359
 
 

03:02:23,359 --> 03:02:24,950
 
the tens of thousands of blacks who

03:02:24,950 --> 03:02:24,960
the tens of thousands of blacks who
 

03:02:24,960 --> 03:02:27,269
the tens of thousands of blacks who
supported the boers and fought alongside

03:02:27,269 --> 03:02:27,279
supported the boers and fought alongside
 

03:02:27,279 --> 03:02:28,150
supported the boers and fought alongside
them

03:02:28,150 --> 03:02:28,160
them
 

03:02:28,160 --> 03:02:31,510
them
fared even worse

03:02:31,510 --> 03:02:31,520
fared even worse
 

03:02:31,520 --> 03:02:36,389
fared even worse
what gets one really worked up today

03:02:36,389 --> 03:02:36,399
what gets one really worked up today
 

03:02:36,399 --> 03:02:40,150
what gets one really worked up today
is when the africana wants to make as if

03:02:40,150 --> 03:02:40,160
is when the africana wants to make as if
 

03:02:40,160 --> 03:02:43,110
is when the africana wants to make as if
he is the only one who lost

03:02:43,110 --> 03:02:43,120
he is the only one who lost
 

03:02:43,120 --> 03:02:45,750
he is the only one who lost
in the world war

03:02:45,750 --> 03:02:45,760
in the world war
 

03:02:45,760 --> 03:02:47,590
in the world war
and forgets that

03:02:47,590 --> 03:02:47,600
and forgets that
 

03:02:47,600 --> 03:02:50,469
and forgets that
the black man shared as much

03:02:50,469 --> 03:02:50,479
the black man shared as much
 

03:02:50,479 --> 03:02:52,389
the black man shared as much
of his riches

03:02:52,389 --> 03:02:52,399
of his riches
 

03:02:52,399 --> 03:02:55,269
of his riches
of his livelihood and even of his blood

03:02:55,269 --> 03:02:55,279
of his livelihood and even of his blood
 

03:02:55,279 --> 03:02:57,510
of his livelihood and even of his blood
i say i lost my two uncles

03:02:57,510 --> 03:02:57,520
i say i lost my two uncles
 

03:02:57,520 --> 03:02:59,429
i say i lost my two uncles
in the blue world

03:02:59,429 --> 03:02:59,439
in the blue world
 

03:02:59,439 --> 03:03:01,510
in the blue world
there is this bitterness against the

03:03:01,510 --> 03:03:01,520
there is this bitterness against the
 

03:03:01,520 --> 03:03:04,550
there is this bitterness against the
book for not having remembered them

03:03:04,550 --> 03:03:04,560
book for not having remembered them
 

03:03:04,560 --> 03:03:06,710
book for not having remembered them
and that is the reason why

03:03:06,710 --> 03:03:06,720
and that is the reason why
 

03:03:06,720 --> 03:03:09,910
and that is the reason why
when the the the whole question of the

03:03:09,910 --> 03:03:09,920
when the the the whole question of the
 

03:03:09,920 --> 03:03:11,830
when the the the whole question of the
celebration of the buu broadway in south

03:03:11,830 --> 03:03:11,840
celebration of the buu broadway in south
 

03:03:11,840 --> 03:03:13,750
celebration of the buu broadway in south
africa came

03:03:13,750 --> 03:03:13,760
africa came
 

03:03:13,760 --> 03:03:15,590
africa came
we said rubbish

03:03:15,590 --> 03:03:15,600
we said rubbish
 

03:03:15,600 --> 03:03:18,870
we said rubbish
how can you come and celebrate

03:03:18,870 --> 03:03:18,880
how can you come and celebrate
 

03:03:18,880 --> 03:03:21,110
how can you come and celebrate
in an african country in a country that

03:03:21,110 --> 03:03:21,120
in an african country in a country that
 

03:03:21,120 --> 03:03:23,190
in an african country in a country that
has become free

03:03:23,190 --> 03:03:23,200
has become free
 

03:03:23,200 --> 03:03:25,429
has become free
the ignominy that has been suffered by

03:03:25,429 --> 03:03:25,439
the ignominy that has been suffered by
 

03:03:25,439 --> 03:03:27,910
the ignominy that has been suffered by
the black men at the hands of the

03:03:27,910 --> 03:03:27,920
the black men at the hands of the
 

03:03:27,920 --> 03:03:31,269
the black men at the hands of the
africana

03:03:31,269 --> 03:03:31,279
 
 

03:03:31,279 --> 03:03:33,429
 
who at the borough

03:03:33,429 --> 03:03:33,439
who at the borough
 

03:03:33,439 --> 03:03:39,460
who at the borough
used us

03:03:39,460 --> 03:03:39,470
 
 

03:03:39,470 --> 03:03:40,080
 
[Music]

03:03:40,080 --> 03:03:40,090
[Music]
 

03:03:40,090 --> 03:03:41,410
[Music]
[Laughter]

03:03:41,410 --> 03:03:41,420
[Laughter]
 

03:03:41,420 --> 03:03:42,550
[Laughter]
[Music]

03:03:42,550 --> 03:03:42,560
[Music]
 

03:03:42,560 --> 03:03:45,349
[Music]
but the boers had their own agenda

03:03:45,349 --> 03:03:45,359
but the boers had their own agenda
 

03:03:45,359 --> 03:03:47,590
but the boers had their own agenda
to set themselves apart from and above

03:03:47,590 --> 03:03:47,600
to set themselves apart from and above
 

03:03:47,600 --> 03:03:52,830
to set themselves apart from and above
all other peoples in south

03:03:52,830 --> 03:03:52,840
 
 

03:03:52,840 --> 03:03:55,510
 
africa the white concentration camps

03:03:55,510 --> 03:03:55,520
africa the white concentration camps
 

03:03:55,520 --> 03:03:57,750
africa the white concentration camps
would play a key role in that process

03:03:57,750 --> 03:03:57,760
would play a key role in that process
 

03:03:57,760 --> 03:04:02,070
would play a key role in that process
[Music]

03:04:02,070 --> 03:04:02,080
[Music]
 

03:04:02,080 --> 03:04:04,469
[Music]
orange river station camp is one of the

03:04:04,469 --> 03:04:04,479
orange river station camp is one of the
 

03:04:04,479 --> 03:04:07,030
orange river station camp is one of the
very few untouched since the inmates

03:04:07,030 --> 03:04:07,040
very few untouched since the inmates
 

03:04:07,040 --> 03:04:10,800
very few untouched since the inmates
left a century ago

03:04:10,800 --> 03:04:10,810
left a century ago
 

03:04:10,810 --> 03:04:34,550
left a century ago
[Music]

03:04:34,550 --> 03:04:34,560
 
 

03:04:34,560 --> 03:04:36,710
 
10 of their population

03:04:36,710 --> 03:04:36,720
10 of their population
 

03:04:36,720 --> 03:04:38,309
10 of their population
perished in the camps

03:04:38,309 --> 03:04:38,319
perished in the camps
 

03:04:38,319 --> 03:04:40,160
perished in the camps
from disease and neglect

03:04:40,160 --> 03:04:40,170
from disease and neglect
 

03:04:40,170 --> 03:04:42,950
from disease and neglect
[Music]

03:04:42,950 --> 03:04:42,960
[Music]
 

03:04:42,960 --> 03:04:45,030
[Music]
the experience scarred the survivors and

03:04:45,030 --> 03:04:45,040
the experience scarred the survivors and
 

03:04:45,040 --> 03:04:54,710
the experience scarred the survivors and
their families for life

03:04:54,710 --> 03:04:54,720
 
 

03:04:54,720 --> 03:04:56,150
 
there was so much

03:04:56,150 --> 03:04:56,160
there was so much
 

03:04:56,160 --> 03:05:01,349
there was so much
sadness in those songs

03:05:01,349 --> 03:05:01,359
 
 

03:05:01,359 --> 03:05:11,560
 
it has stayed with me my whole life

03:05:11,560 --> 03:05:11,570
 
 

03:05:11,570 --> 03:05:12,840
 
[Music]

03:05:12,840 --> 03:05:12,850
[Music]
 

03:05:12,850 --> 03:05:15,750
[Music]
[Laughter]

03:05:15,750 --> 03:05:15,760
[Laughter]
 

03:05:15,760 --> 03:05:17,640
[Laughter]
foreign

03:05:17,640 --> 03:05:17,650
foreign
 

03:05:17,650 --> 03:05:25,030
foreign
[Music]

03:05:25,030 --> 03:05:25,040
 
 

03:05:25,040 --> 03:05:27,269
 
my grandma would start singing with her

03:05:27,269 --> 03:05:27,279
my grandma would start singing with her
 

03:05:27,279 --> 03:05:30,630
my grandma would start singing with her
tiny squeaky little voice

03:05:30,630 --> 03:05:30,640
tiny squeaky little voice
 

03:05:30,640 --> 03:05:45,590
tiny squeaky little voice
it was like

03:05:45,590 --> 03:05:45,600
 
 

03:05:45,600 --> 03:05:47,830
 
i asked my father why aren't grandpa and

03:05:47,830 --> 03:05:47,840
i asked my father why aren't grandpa and
 

03:05:47,840 --> 03:05:49,830
i asked my father why aren't grandpa and
grandma so sad

03:05:49,830 --> 03:05:49,840
grandma so sad
 

03:05:49,840 --> 03:05:51,990
grandma so sad
for me my father told me it was because

03:05:51,990 --> 03:05:52,000
for me my father told me it was because
 

03:05:52,000 --> 03:05:54,070
for me my father told me it was because
of the concentration camps

03:05:54,070 --> 03:05:54,080
of the concentration camps
 

03:05:54,080 --> 03:05:56,630
of the concentration camps
oh grandpa and grandma never ever got

03:05:56,630 --> 03:05:56,640
oh grandpa and grandma never ever got
 

03:05:56,640 --> 03:05:57,910
oh grandpa and grandma never ever got
over it

03:05:57,910 --> 03:05:57,920
over it
 

03:05:57,920 --> 03:05:59,910
over it
the twin girls who died and the other

03:05:59,910 --> 03:05:59,920
the twin girls who died and the other
 

03:05:59,920 --> 03:06:02,309
the twin girls who died and the other
little children

03:06:02,309 --> 03:06:02,319
little children
 

03:06:02,319 --> 03:06:08,870
little children
grandpa never recovered

03:06:08,870 --> 03:06:08,880
 
 

03:06:08,880 --> 03:06:10,790
 
but private grief and bitter personal

03:06:10,790 --> 03:06:10,800
but private grief and bitter personal
 

03:06:10,800 --> 03:06:12,550
but private grief and bitter personal
memories like these

03:06:12,550 --> 03:06:12,560
memories like these
 

03:06:12,560 --> 03:06:14,790
memories like these
were exploited to underpin white

03:06:14,790 --> 03:06:14,800
were exploited to underpin white
 

03:06:14,800 --> 03:06:17,190
were exploited to underpin white
supremacy

03:06:17,190 --> 03:06:17,200
supremacy
 

03:06:17,200 --> 03:06:20,309
supremacy
the first moves had come in 1913

03:06:20,309 --> 03:06:20,319
the first moves had come in 1913
 

03:06:20,319 --> 03:06:23,110
the first moves had come in 1913
when the boers by now self-governing

03:06:23,110 --> 03:06:23,120
when the boers by now self-governing
 

03:06:23,120 --> 03:06:25,510
when the boers by now self-governing
met at bloomfontaine to honor those who

03:06:25,510 --> 03:06:25,520
met at bloomfontaine to honor those who
 

03:06:25,520 --> 03:06:31,670
met at bloomfontaine to honor those who
died in the white concentration camps

03:06:31,670 --> 03:06:31,680
 
 

03:06:31,680 --> 03:06:33,429
 
the suffering and deaths of the women

03:06:33,429 --> 03:06:33,439
the suffering and deaths of the women
 

03:06:33,439 --> 03:06:35,670
the suffering and deaths of the women
and children in the concentration camps

03:06:35,670 --> 03:06:35,680
and children in the concentration camps
 

03:06:35,680 --> 03:06:37,349
and children in the concentration camps
was an important cornerstone in the

03:06:37,349 --> 03:06:37,359
was an important cornerstone in the
 

03:06:37,359 --> 03:06:39,510
was an important cornerstone in the
establishment of africana nationalism in

03:06:39,510 --> 03:06:39,520
establishment of africana nationalism in
 

03:06:39,520 --> 03:06:45,190
establishment of africana nationalism in
the 20th century

03:06:45,190 --> 03:06:45,200
 
 

03:06:45,200 --> 03:06:46,870
 
the white concentration camps were

03:06:46,870 --> 03:06:46,880
the white concentration camps were
 

03:06:46,880 --> 03:06:49,030
the white concentration camps were
elevated to the only concentration camps

03:06:49,030 --> 03:06:49,040
elevated to the only concentration camps
 

03:06:49,040 --> 03:06:51,590
elevated to the only concentration camps
in existence

03:06:51,590 --> 03:06:51,600
in existence
 

03:06:51,600 --> 03:06:53,429
in existence
to represent the suffering and to unite

03:06:53,429 --> 03:06:53,439
to represent the suffering and to unite
 

03:06:53,439 --> 03:06:57,429
to represent the suffering and to unite
the africana people

03:06:57,429 --> 03:06:57,439
 
 

03:06:57,439 --> 03:06:59,429
 
the argument went

03:06:59,429 --> 03:06:59,439
the argument went
 

03:06:59,439 --> 03:07:03,429
the argument went
we are a people purified by adversity

03:07:03,429 --> 03:07:03,439
we are a people purified by adversity
 

03:07:03,439 --> 03:07:07,830
we are a people purified by adversity
we alone have suffered like this

03:07:07,830 --> 03:07:07,840
 
 

03:07:07,840 --> 03:07:14,469
 
we alone are fit to rule in south africa

03:07:14,469 --> 03:07:14,479
 
 

03:07:14,479 --> 03:07:18,710
 
history that didn't fit was obliterated

03:07:18,710 --> 03:07:18,720
history that didn't fit was obliterated
 

03:07:18,720 --> 03:07:20,389
history that didn't fit was obliterated
even the black maids who accompanied

03:07:20,389 --> 03:07:20,399
even the black maids who accompanied
 

03:07:20,399 --> 03:07:21,990
even the black maids who accompanied
their poor mistresses into the white

03:07:21,990 --> 03:07:22,000
their poor mistresses into the white
 

03:07:22,000 --> 03:07:25,750
their poor mistresses into the white
camps were quickly forgotten

03:07:25,750 --> 03:07:25,760
camps were quickly forgotten
 

03:07:25,760 --> 03:07:27,590
camps were quickly forgotten
the camps were built over with somber

03:07:27,590 --> 03:07:27,600
the camps were built over with somber
 

03:07:27,600 --> 03:07:31,269
the camps were built over with somber
memorials to the white dead

03:07:31,269 --> 03:07:31,279
 
 

03:07:31,279 --> 03:07:33,349
 
the black servants who died there were

03:07:33,349 --> 03:07:33,359
the black servants who died there were
 

03:07:33,359 --> 03:07:35,990
the black servants who died there were
buried some distance away in unmarked

03:07:35,990 --> 03:07:36,000
buried some distance away in unmarked
 

03:07:36,000 --> 03:07:42,710
buried some distance away in unmarked
graves

03:07:42,710 --> 03:07:42,720
 
 

03:07:42,720 --> 03:07:45,269
 
as for the black concentration camps

03:07:45,269 --> 03:07:45,279
as for the black concentration camps
 

03:07:45,279 --> 03:07:47,590
as for the black concentration camps
over the years their very existence was

03:07:47,590 --> 03:07:47,600
over the years their very existence was
 

03:07:47,600 --> 03:07:55,670
over the years their very existence was
expunged from south africa's history

03:07:55,670 --> 03:07:55,680
 
 

03:07:55,680 --> 03:07:57,429
 
the white concentration camps became

03:07:57,429 --> 03:07:57,439
the white concentration camps became
 

03:07:57,439 --> 03:07:59,349
the white concentration camps became
everything and yet the suffering in the

03:07:59,349 --> 03:07:59,359
everything and yet the suffering in the
 

03:07:59,359 --> 03:08:08,150
everything and yet the suffering in the
black concentration camps was as bad

03:08:08,150 --> 03:08:08,160
 
 

03:08:08,160 --> 03:08:11,750
 
a very neglected aspect of the war

03:08:11,750 --> 03:08:11,760
a very neglected aspect of the war
 

03:08:11,760 --> 03:08:13,750
a very neglected aspect of the war
is that we did not utilize the common

03:08:13,750 --> 03:08:13,760
is that we did not utilize the common
 

03:08:13,760 --> 03:08:15,349
is that we did not utilize the common
ground that we had with the blacks in

03:08:15,349 --> 03:08:15,359
ground that we had with the blacks in
 

03:08:15,359 --> 03:08:18,150
ground that we had with the blacks in
this country

03:08:18,150 --> 03:08:18,160
 
 

03:08:18,160 --> 03:08:19,830
 
i'm speaking now from an afrikaner's

03:08:19,830 --> 03:08:19,840
i'm speaking now from an afrikaner's
 

03:08:19,840 --> 03:08:21,750
i'm speaking now from an afrikaner's
point of view

03:08:21,750 --> 03:08:21,760
point of view
 

03:08:21,760 --> 03:08:23,590
point of view
that we did not make more of the black

03:08:23,590 --> 03:08:23,600
that we did not make more of the black
 

03:08:23,600 --> 03:08:28,070
that we did not make more of the black
concentration camps

03:08:28,070 --> 03:08:28,080
 
 

03:08:28,080 --> 03:08:29,990
 
but rather to emphasize the common

03:08:29,990 --> 03:08:30,000
but rather to emphasize the common
 

03:08:30,000 --> 03:08:32,389
but rather to emphasize the common
suffering which is the most important

03:08:32,389 --> 03:08:32,399
suffering which is the most important
 

03:08:32,399 --> 03:08:34,790
suffering which is the most important
potential unifying factor

03:08:34,790 --> 03:08:34,800
potential unifying factor
 

03:08:34,800 --> 03:08:38,710
potential unifying factor
between us and the blacks

03:08:38,710 --> 03:08:38,720
 
 

03:08:38,720 --> 03:08:41,269
 
a century of silence and cover-up has

03:08:41,269 --> 03:08:41,279
a century of silence and cover-up has
 

03:08:41,279 --> 03:08:43,429
a century of silence and cover-up has
made the black camps very hard to find

03:08:43,429 --> 03:08:43,439
made the black camps very hard to find
 

03:08:43,439 --> 03:08:45,750
made the black camps very hard to find
today

03:08:45,750 --> 03:08:45,760
today
 

03:08:45,760 --> 03:08:48,389
today
an old map shows one in the free state

03:08:48,389 --> 03:08:48,399
an old map shows one in the free state
 

03:08:48,399 --> 03:08:57,110
an old map shows one in the free state
near aleman's siding

03:08:57,110 --> 03:08:57,120
 
 

03:08:57,120 --> 03:08:59,030
 
there is no record of the camp's exact

03:08:59,030 --> 03:08:59,040
there is no record of the camp's exact
 

03:08:59,040 --> 03:09:00,710
there is no record of the camp's exact
location

03:09:00,710 --> 03:09:00,720
location
 

03:09:00,720 --> 03:09:02,309
location
but there are graves on a nearby

03:09:02,309 --> 03:09:02,319
but there are graves on a nearby
 

03:09:02,319 --> 03:09:04,150
but there are graves on a nearby
hillside

03:09:04,150 --> 03:09:04,160
hillside
 

03:09:04,160 --> 03:09:05,510
hillside
not one or two

03:09:05,510 --> 03:09:05,520
not one or two
 

03:09:05,520 --> 03:09:09,590
not one or two
but many

03:09:09,590 --> 03:09:09,600
 
 

03:09:09,600 --> 03:09:12,150
 
hermanus pitsu the black farm worker who

03:09:12,150 --> 03:09:12,160
hermanus pitsu the black farm worker who
 

03:09:12,160 --> 03:09:13,510
hermanus pitsu the black farm worker who
found the graves

03:09:13,510 --> 03:09:13,520
found the graves
 

03:09:13,520 --> 03:09:15,510
found the graves
shows them to local historian johann

03:09:15,510 --> 03:09:15,520
shows them to local historian johann
 

03:09:15,520 --> 03:09:19,660
shows them to local historian johann
look

03:09:19,660 --> 03:09:19,670
 
 

03:09:19,670 --> 03:09:28,790
 
[Music]

03:09:28,790 --> 03:09:28,800
 
 

03:09:28,800 --> 03:09:30,309
 
they are watched by the owner of the

03:09:30,309 --> 03:09:30,319
they are watched by the owner of the
 

03:09:30,319 --> 03:09:34,389
they are watched by the owner of the
land andre hayes

03:09:34,389 --> 03:09:34,399
 
 

03:09:34,399 --> 03:09:36,389
 
her family wasn't here during the boer

03:09:36,389 --> 03:09:36,399
her family wasn't here during the boer
 

03:09:36,399 --> 03:09:37,269
her family wasn't here during the boer
war

03:09:37,269 --> 03:09:37,279
war
 

03:09:37,279 --> 03:09:39,349
war
and she had no idea there were graves on

03:09:39,349 --> 03:09:39,359
and she had no idea there were graves on
 

03:09:39,359 --> 03:09:41,690
and she had no idea there were graves on
her farm

03:09:41,690 --> 03:09:41,700
her farm
 

03:09:41,700 --> 03:09:54,389
her farm
[Music]

03:09:54,389 --> 03:09:54,399
 
 

03:09:54,399 --> 03:10:00,710
 
foreign

03:10:00,710 --> 03:10:00,720
 
 

03:10:00,720 --> 03:10:02,710
 
some of these graves contain more than

03:10:02,710 --> 03:10:02,720
some of these graves contain more than
 

03:10:02,720 --> 03:10:07,670
some of these graves contain more than
one body

03:10:07,670 --> 03:10:07,680
 
 

03:10:07,680 --> 03:10:09,590
 
current estimates put black deaths in

03:10:09,590 --> 03:10:09,600
current estimates put black deaths in
 

03:10:09,600 --> 03:10:12,040
current estimates put black deaths in
the camps at eighteen thousand

03:10:12,040 --> 03:10:12,050
the camps at eighteen thousand
 

03:10:12,050 --> 03:10:14,229
the camps at eighteen thousand
[Music]

03:10:14,229 --> 03:10:14,239
[Music]
 

03:10:14,239 --> 03:10:15,910
[Music]
but new discoveries are pushing the

03:10:15,910 --> 03:10:15,920
but new discoveries are pushing the
 

03:10:15,920 --> 03:10:18,460
but new discoveries are pushing the
figures upwards

03:10:18,460 --> 03:10:18,470
figures upwards
 

03:10:18,470 --> 03:10:24,469
figures upwards
[Music]

03:10:24,469 --> 03:10:24,479
[Music]
 

03:10:24,479 --> 03:10:26,389
[Music]
it's possible that as many people died

03:10:26,389 --> 03:10:26,399
it's possible that as many people died
 

03:10:26,399 --> 03:10:28,550
it's possible that as many people died
in the black concentration camps as in

03:10:28,550 --> 03:10:28,560
in the black concentration camps as in
 

03:10:28,560 --> 03:10:30,180
in the black concentration camps as in
the white

03:10:30,180 --> 03:10:30,190
the white
 

03:10:30,190 --> 03:11:39,800
the white
[Music]

03:11:39,800 --> 03:11:39,810
 
 

03:11:39,810 --> 03:12:00,309
 
[Music]

03:12:00,309 --> 03:12:00,319
 
 

03:12:00,319 --> 03:12:07,070
 
foreign

03:12:07,070 --> 03:12:07,080
 
 

03:12:07,080 --> 03:12:08,720
 
[Music]

03:12:08,720 --> 03:12:08,730
[Music]
 

03:12:08,730 --> 03:12:14,309
[Music]
[Applause]

03:12:14,309 --> 03:12:14,319
 
 

03:12:14,319 --> 03:12:18,070
 
shadow across the century

03:12:18,070 --> 03:12:18,080
shadow across the century
 

03:12:18,080 --> 03:12:20,229
shadow across the century
only since black majority rule can its

03:12:20,229 --> 03:12:20,239
only since black majority rule can its
 

03:12:20,239 --> 03:12:21,670
only since black majority rule can its
lost history

03:12:21,670 --> 03:12:21,680
lost history
 

03:12:21,680 --> 03:12:26,310
lost history
shared by blacks and whites be recovered

03:12:26,310 --> 03:12:26,320
shared by blacks and whites be recovered
 

03:12:26,320 --> 03:13:06,760
shared by blacks and whites be recovered
[Music]

03:13:06,760 --> 03:13:06,770
 
 

03:13:06,770 --> 03:13:17,429
 
[Music]

03:13:17,429 --> 03:13:17,439
 
 

03:13:17,439 --> 03:13:19,520
 
you